zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Vim自动补全神器:YouCompleteMe

    来自

    第一次听说这个插件还是在偶然的情况下看到别人的博客,听说了这个插件的大名。本来打算在实训期间来完成安装的,无奈网实在不给力,也就拖到了回家的时候。在开始准备工作的时候就了解到这个插件不是很容易安装,安装的时候果然名不虚传。(关于这方面的内容,请查看另一篇文章)不过,有付出总有回报,安装之后用上这个插件,真心为这个插件的强大所折服。

    那这个插件有何不同?

    YouCompleteMe的特别之处

    基于语义补全

    总所周知,Vim是一款文本编辑器。也就是说,其最基础的工作就是编辑文本,不管该文本的内容是什么。在Vim被程序员所使用后,其慢慢的被肩负了与IDE一样的工作,文本自动补全(ie.acp,omnicppcompleter),代码检查(Syntastic)等等工作。

    针对文本自动补全这个功能来说,主要有两种实现方式。

    • 基于文本

    我们常用的omnicppcompleter,acp,vim自带的c-x, c-n的实现方式就是基于文本。更通俗的说法,其实就是一个字:

    其通过文本进行一些正则表达式的匹配,再根据生成的tags(利用ctags生成)来实现自动补全的效果。

    • 基于语义

    顾名思义,其是通过分析源文件,经过语法分析以后进行补全。由于对源文件进行分析,基于语义的补全可以做到很精确。但是这显然是vim所不可能支持的。而且经过这么多年发展,由于语法分析有很高的难度,也一直没有合适的工具出现。直到,由apple支持的clang/llvm横空出世。YouCompleteMe也正是在clang/llvm的基础上进行构建的。

    整合实现了多种插件
    • clang_complete
    • AutoComplPop
    • Supertab
    • neocomplcache
    • Syntastic(类似功能,仅仅针对c/c++/obj-c代码)
    支持语言
    • c
    • c++
    • obj-c
    • c#
    • python

    对于其他的语言,会调用vim设置的omnifunc来匹配,因此同样支持php,ruby等语言。

    已知的有 * javascript —-tern_for_vim * ruby/java —-eclim

     

    使用感受
    • 和IDE一样,自动补全,
    • 根据include的文件进行补全
    • 不用再蹩脚的生成tags
    • 补全非常精准,而且速度很快,不会有延迟(以前在大项目上,acp用起来实在是很卡)
    • 支持类似tags的跳转,跳到定义处以及使用处
    • 出错提示很智能,并且用起来真的是如丝般柔滑,不用输入:w进行强制检测

    安装

    说完了那么多好处,就要说到安装了。不同于以往其他vim插件,YCM是一款编译型的插件。在下载完后,需要手动编译后才能使用。对应其他的插件来说,仅仅就是把.vim的文件丢到相应文件夹下就可以。而这也加大了使用YCM的难度。

    安装准备
    • 最新版的Vim(7.3.584+),编译时添加+python标志(已经安装的可以通过vim --version查看)
    • cmake(mac可以通过homebrew安装,brew install cmake,ubuntu可以通过sudo apt-get install cmake)
    • 安装vundle插件,用于安装管理vim的插件
    mac下快速安装

    .vimrc中添加下列代码

    Shell

    Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'

    1

    Bundle 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'

    保存退出后打开vim,在正常模式下输入

    Shell

    :BundleInstall

     

    :BundleInstall

    等待vundle将YouCompleteMe安装完成

    而后进行编译安装:

    Shell

    cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe ./install --clang-completer

     

    cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe

    ./install --clang-completer

    如果不需要c-family的补全,可以去掉--clang-completer。如果需要c#的补全,请加上--omnisharp-completer。

    正常来说,YCM会去下载clang的包,如果已经有,也可以用系统--system-libclang。

    就这样,安装结束。打开vim,如果没有提示YCM未编译,则说明安装已经成功了。

    手动编译安装

    安装的脚本并不是什么时候都好用,至少对我来说是这样的。安装完之后出现了问题,参考issue#809

    在用:BundleInstall安装完成或者使用

    Shell

    git clone --recursive https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe.git

     

    git clone --recursive https://github.com/Valloric/YouCompleteMe.git

    获取最新的仓库,而后使用git submodule update --init --recursive确认仓库的完整性后,开始安装流程。

    1. 下载最新的clang二进制文件 YCM要求clang版本 > 3.2,一般来说都是下载最新的
    2. 安装python-dev.(ubuntu下使用sudo apt-get install python-dev,mac下默认提供,否则请安装command line tools)
    3. 编译

      Shell

      cd ~ mkdir ycm_build cd ycm_build cmake -G “Unix Makefiles” -DPATH_TO_LLVM_ROOT=~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir . ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp make ycm_support_libs

       

      cd ~

      mkdir ycm_build

      cd ycm_build

      cmake -G “Unix Makefiles” -DPATH_TO_LLVM_ROOT=~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir . ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp make ycm_support_libs

      这里需要注意的是,~/ycm_temp/llvm_root_dir中包含的是根据第一步下载的压缩包解压出来的内容(包括include, bin等等文件)。

    这样就完成了,开始感受YCM提供的完全不逊色于大型IDE所提供的自动补全功能吧。

    配置

    不同于很多vim插件,YCM首先需要编译,另外还需要有配置。在vim启动后,YCM会找寻当前路径以及上层路径的.ycm_extra_conf.py.在~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe/cpp/ycm/.ycm_extra_conf.py中提供了默认的模板。也可以参考我的(就在模板上改改而已)。不过这个解决了标准库提示找不到的问题。

    一般来说,我会在~目录下放一个默认的模板,而后再根据不同的项目在当前目录下再拷贝个.ycm_extra_conf.py。

    # This file is NOT licensed under the GPLv3, which is the license for the rest
    # of YouCompleteMe.
    #
    # Here's the license text for this file:
    #
    # This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
    #
    # Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
    # distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
    # binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
    # means.
    #
    # In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
    # of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
    # software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
    # of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
    # successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
    # relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
    # software under copyright law.
    #
    # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
    # EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
    # MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
    # IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
    # OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
    # ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
    # OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
    #
    # For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
    
    import os
    import ycm_core
    
    # These are the compilation flags that will be used in case there's no
    # compilation database set (by default, one is not set).
    # CHANGE THIS LIST OF FLAGS. YES, THIS IS THE DROID YOU HAVE BEEN LOOKING FOR.
    flags = [
    '-Wall',
    '-Wextra',
    #'-Werror',
    #'-Wc++98-compat',
    '-Wno-long-long',
    '-Wno-variadic-macros',
    '-fexceptions',
    '-stdlib=libc++',
    # THIS IS IMPORTANT! Without a "-std=<something>" flag, clang won't know which
    # language to use when compiling headers. So it will guess. Badly. So C++
    # headers will be compiled as C headers. You don't want that so ALWAYS specify
    # a "-std=<something>".
    # For a C project, you would set this to something like 'c99' instead of
    # 'c++11'.
    '-std=c++11',
    # ...and the same thing goes for the magic -x option which specifies the
    # language that the files to be compiled are written in. This is mostly
    # relevant for c++ headers.
    # For a C project, you would set this to 'c' instead of 'c++'.
    '-x',
    'c++',
    '-I',
    '.',
    '-isystem',
    '/usr/include',
    '-isystem',
    '/usr/local/include',
    '-isystem',
    '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/include',
    '-isystem',
    '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/../lib/c++/v1',
    ]
    
    # Set this to the absolute path to the folder (NOT the file!) containing the
    # compile_commands.json file to use that instead of 'flags'. See here for
    # more details: http://clang.llvm.org/docs/JSONCompilationDatabase.html
    #
    # Most projects will NOT need to set this to anything; you can just change the
    # 'flags' list of compilation flags. Notice that YCM itself uses that approach.
    compilation_database_folder = ''
    
    if os.path.exists( compilation_database_folder ):
      database = ycm_core.CompilationDatabase( compilation_database_folder )
    else:
      database = None
    
    SOURCE_EXTENSIONS = [ '.cpp', '.cxx', '.cc', '.c', '.m', '.mm' ]
    
    def DirectoryOfThisScript():
      return os.path.dirname( os.path.abspath( __file__ ) )
    
    def MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, working_directory ):
      if not working_directory:
        return list( flags )
      new_flags = []
      make_next_absolute = False
      path_flags = [ '-isystem', '-I', '-iquote', '--sysroot=' ]
      for flag in flags:
        new_flag = flag
    
        if make_next_absolute:
          make_next_absolute = False
          if not flag.startswith( '/' ):
            new_flag = os.path.join( working_directory, flag )
    
        for path_flag in path_flags:
          if flag == path_flag:
            make_next_absolute = True
            break
    
          if flag.startswith( path_flag ):
            path = flag[ len( path_flag ): ]
            new_flag = path_flag + os.path.join( working_directory, path )
            break
    
        if new_flag:
          new_flags.append( new_flag )
      return new_flags
    
    def IsHeaderFile( filename ):
      extension = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 1 ]
      return extension in [ '.h', '.hxx', '.hpp', '.hh' ]
    
    def GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename ):
      # The compilation_commands.json file generated by CMake does not have entries
      # for header files. So we do our best by asking the db for flags for a
      # corresponding source file, if any. If one exists, the flags for that file
      # should be good enough.
      if IsHeaderFile( filename ):
        basename = os.path.splitext( filename )[ 0 ]
        for extension in SOURCE_EXTENSIONS:
          replacement_file = basename + extension
          if os.path.exists( replacement_file ):
            compilation_info = database.GetCompilationInfoForFile(
              replacement_file )
            if compilation_info.compiler_flags_:
              return compilation_info
        return None
      return database.GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
    
    def FlagsForFile( filename, **kwargs ):
      if database:
        # Bear in mind that compilation_info.compiler_flags_ does NOT return a
        # python list, but a "list-like" StringVec object
        compilation_info = GetCompilationInfoForFile( filename )
        if not compilation_info:
          return None
    
        final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute(
          compilation_info.compiler_flags_,
          compilation_info.compiler_working_dir_ )
    
        # NOTE: This is just for YouCompleteMe; it's highly likely that your project
        # does NOT need to remove the stdlib flag. DO NOT USE THIS IN YOUR
        # ycm_extra_conf IF YOU'RE NOT 100% SURE YOU NEED IT.
        #try:
        #  final_flags.remove( '-stdlib=libc++' )
        #except ValueError:
        #  pass
      else:
        relative_to = DirectoryOfThisScript()
        final_flags = MakeRelativePathsInFlagsAbsolute( flags, relative_to )
    
      return {
        'flags': final_flags,
        'do_cache': True
      }

    YouCompleteMe提供的其他功能

    YCM除了提供了基本的补全功能,自动提示错误的功能外,还提供了类似tags的功能:

    • 跳转到定义GoToDefinition
    • 跳转到声明GoToDeclaration
    • 以及两者的合体GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration

    可以在.vimrc中配置相应的快捷键。

    Shell

    nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR> nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR> nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>

     

    nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>

    nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>

    nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>

    另外,YCM也提供了丰富的配置选项,同样在.vimrc中配置。具体请参考

    Shell

    let g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>' let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*'

     

    let g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>'

    let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*'

    同时,YCM可以打开location-list来显示警告和错误的信息:YcmDiags。个人关于ycm的配置如下:

    Shell

    " for ycm let g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>' let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*' nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR> nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR> nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR> nmap <F4> :YcmDiags<CR>

     

    " for ycm

    let g:ycm_error_symbol = '>>'

    let g:ycm_warning_symbol = '>*'

    nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>

    nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>

    nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>

    nmap <F4> :YcmDiags<CR>

    YCM提供的跳跃功能采用了vim的jumplist,往前跳和往后跳的快捷键为Ctrl+O以及Ctrl+I。

    总结

    YouCompleteMe是我用过的最爽的一个自动补全的插件了。之前使用acp时,遇到大文件基本上就卡死了,以至于都不怎么敢使用。由于YCM使用的时C/S结构,部分使用vim脚本编写,部分认为原生代码,使得跑起来速度飞快。

    抛弃Vim自带的坑爹的补全吧,抛弃ctags吧,抛弃cscope吧,YCM才是终极补全神器。

  • 相关阅读:
    YARN的job提交流程
    shell脚本学习(二)
    解决document.getElementById("")在IE7中误读成name的bug
    类数组对象HTMLCollenction
    NodeList对象的特点
    复习周期不能太长!!!
    递归 / 前端零基础入门 2019版 / 步骤五 · 3-6 节点遍历案例
    节点查找以及节点遍历:两种方式
    判断是否是IE浏览器
    html5shiv主要解决IE6-8 无法识别HTML5的新标签,父节点不能包裹子元素,以及应用CSS样式
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/chjbbs/p/5696057.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看