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EF Core 初始化数据库的两种方法。

使用DbContextSeed初始化数据库

添加链接字符串

 // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            //添加链接字符串
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));
           
            services.AddMvc();
        }

添加初始化数据类和方法

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace mvcforcookie.Data
{
    using Models;
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;//CreateScope()
    public class ApplicationDbContextSeed
    {
        private UserManager<ApplicationUser> _userManager;
        public async Task SeedAsync(ApplicationDbContext context, IServiceProvider service)
        {
            if (!context.Users.Any())
            {
                _userManager = service.GetRequiredService<UserManager<ApplicationUser>>();
                //创建初始用户
                var defultUser = new ApplicationUser()
                {
                    UserName = "Administrator",
                    Email = "453151742@qq.com",
                    NormalizedUserName = "admin"
                };
                var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(defultUser, "Password$123");
                if (!result.Succeeded)
                {
                    throw new Exception("初始用户创建失败");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace mvcforcookie.Data
{
    using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
    using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
    using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
    public static class WebHostMigrationExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化database方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <typeparam name="TContext"></typeparam>
        /// <param name="host"></param>
        /// <param name="sedder"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static IWebHost MigrateDbContext<TContext>(this IWebHost host, Action<TContext, IServiceProvider> sedder)
            where TContext : ApplicationDbContext
        {
            //创建数据库实例在本区域有效
            using (var scope=host.Services.CreateScope())
            {
                var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
                var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<TContext>>();
                var context = services.GetService<TContext>();
                try
                {
                    context.Database.Migrate();//初始化database
                    sedder(context, services);
                    logger.LogInformation($"执行DbContext{typeof(TContext).Name} seed 成功");
                }
                catch ( Exception ex)
                {
                    logger.LogError(ex, $"执行dbcontext {typeof(TContext).Name}  seed失败");
                }
            }
            return host;
        }
    }
}

BuildWebHost时注入初始化函数

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;

namespace mvcforcookie
{
    using mvcforcookie.Data;
    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            BuildWebHost(args)
                .MigrateDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>((context, services) =>
                { new ApplicationDbContextSeed().SeedAsync(context, services).Wait(); })
                .Run();
        }

        public static IWebHost BuildWebHost(string[] args) =>
            WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
                .UseStartup<Startup>()
                .Build();
    }
}

使用services注入初始化数据库

添加Nuget包IdentityServer4.EntityFramework

添加链接字符串初始化dbcontext

 public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            var connectionstr = "Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=IdentityServer4.EntityFramework;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true";
            var migrationAssembly = typeof(Startup).GetTypeInfo().Assembly.GetName().Name;
     // //添加identity
            services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, ApplicationUserRole>()
            .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
            .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

            services.AddIdentityServer()
            .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()//添加证书
            .AddConfigurationStore(options=> {//添加ConfigurationStore的配置存储claims
                options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                {
                    builder.UseSqlServer(connectionstr, sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationAssembly));
                };
            })
            .AddOperationalStore(options => {//添加OperationalStore的配置存储token的表格控制
                options.ConfigureDbContext = builder =>
                {
                    builder.UseSqlServer(connectionstr, sql => sql.MigrationsAssembly(migrationAssembly));
                };
            })
            .AddAspNetIdentity<ApplicationUser>()//添加identityuser
            .Services.AddScoped<IProfileService,ProfileService>();//添加profileservice        
            services.AddMvc();
}

使用命令行初始化数据库

Add-Migration InitConfigurations -Context ConfigurationDbContext -OutputDir DataMigrationsIdentityServerConfiguration

Add-Migration InitPersistedGrant -Context PersistedGrantDbContext -OutputDir DataMigrationsIdentityServerPersistedGrantDb

 DBcontext 在 Identityserver4.EntityFramwork.DbContexts 命名空间下

Update-Database -Context ConfigurationDbContext 

Update-Database -Context PersistedGrantDbContext

添加初始化数据的方法

using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections;
using IdentityServer4.Models;
using IdentityServer4.Test;
using IdentityServer4;
using System.Security.Claims;

namespace mvcforcookie
{
    public class Config
    {
        public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResoure()
        {
            return new List<ApiResource>() { new ApiResource("api1", "My Api") };
        }
        public static IEnumerable<IdentityServer4.Models.Client> GetClients()
        {
            return new List<IdentityServer4.Models.Client>()
            {
                //正常情况下配置在数据库当中
                new IdentityServer4.Models.Client() {
                ClientId="MVC",
                ClientName="MVC",
                ClientUri="http://localhost:5001",
                LogoUri="https://www.nicepsd.com/image/ec3594cb9bd94e13a7078b5da254591e/image.jpg",
                AllowRememberConsent=true,//是否可以记住
                //AllowedGrantTypes =GrantTypes.Implicit,//隐式 模式
                AllowedGrantTypes =GrantTypes.HybridAndClientCredentials,
                RequireConsent=true,//用户是否要确认
                ClientSecrets={new Secret("Secret".Sha256())},//密鑰
                AllowAccessTokensViaBrowser=true,
                AllowOfflineAccess=true,
                RedirectUris={ "http://localhost:5001/signin-oidc"},//客户端 登陆的url
                PostLogoutRedirectUris={ "http://localhost:5001/signout-callback-oidc"},//登出地址
                AlwaysIncludeUserClaimsInIdToken=true,//IdToken是否携带claims返回到客户端
                AllowedScopes={
                        //使用identity4
                       IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
                       IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
                       IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile
                    }
                }
                };
        }

        public static List<TestUser> GetTestuser()
        {
            return new List<TestUser>(){new TestUser(){
            SubjectId="10000",
            Username ="cyao",
            Password="oauth",
            Claims =new List<Claim>{
                new Claim("name","cyao"),
                new Claim("webSite","www.baidu.com")
            }
            }};
        }

        public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResource()
        {
            return new List<IdentityResource>(){
             new IdentityResources.OpenId(),
             new IdentityResources.Profile()
            };

        }
    }
}

执行Init方法

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }
            //一定要先执行数据库生成命令然后执行初始化数据库
            InitIdentityServerDataBase(app);//初始化数据库
            app.UseStaticFiles();
            // app.UseAuthentication();
            app.UseIdentityServer();
            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化数据库
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="app"></param>
        public void InitIdentityServerDataBase(IApplicationBuilder app) {
            using (var scope=app.ApplicationServices.CreateScope()) {
                scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<PersistedGrantDbContext>().Database.Migrate();
                var configurationDbContext = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<ConfigurationDbContext>();
                if (!configurationDbContext.Clients.Any())
                {
                    foreach (var client in Config.GetClients())
                    {
                        configurationDbContext.Clients.Add(client.ToEntity());
                    }
                    configurationDbContext.SaveChanges();
                }
                if (!configurationDbContext.ApiResources.Any())
                {
                    foreach (var api in Config.GetApiResoure())
                    {
                        configurationDbContext.ApiResources.Add(api.ToEntity());
                    }
                    configurationDbContext.SaveChanges();
                }
                if (!configurationDbContext.IdentityResources.Any())
                {
                    foreach (var identity in Config.GetIdentityResource())
                    {
                        configurationDbContext.IdentityResources.Add(identity.ToEntity());
                    }
                    configurationDbContext.SaveChanges();
                }
            }
        }

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/chongyao/p/9068007.html