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  • protobuf practice

    https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-gpb/

    三点：    
1. 编写proto文件
    2. 编译proto生成对应语言的实现
    3. 在需求代码中引入2中的实现

    1. 编写proto文件
    清单 1. lm.helloworld.proto 文件   
package lm; 
message helloworld 
{ 
   required int32     id = 1;  // ID 
   required string    str = 2;  // str 
   optional int32     opt = 3;  //optional field 
}

    2. 编译proto生成对应语言的实现
    编译 protoc --cpp_out=.  lm.helloworld.proto 
    生成 lm.helloworld.pb.h 和 lm.helloworld.pb.cc，这两个文件为对应lm.helloworld.proto文件内部相关数据结构的类实现，直接在功能代码中使用。
    class helloworld : public ::google::protobuf::Message
    proto文件生成的对应类，是继承于google::protobuf相关的类，携带有大量很好的操作方法。
    如：string DebugString() const;
      1 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
  2 // source: lm.helloworld.proto
  3 
  4 #ifndef PROTOBUF_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto__INCLUDED
  5 #define PROTOBUF_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto__INCLUDED
  6 
  7 #include <string>
  8 
  9 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 10 
 11 #if GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERSION < 2006000
 12 #error This file was generated by a newer version of protoc which is
 13 #error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please update
 14 #error your headers.
 15 #endif
 16 #if 2006001 < GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_MIN_PROTOC_VERSION
 17 #error This file was generated by an older version of protoc which is
 18 #error incompatible with your Protocol Buffer headers.  Please
 19 #error regenerate this file with a newer version of protoc.
 20 #endif
 21 
 22 #include <google/protobuf/generated_message_util.h>
 23 #include <google/protobuf/message.h>
 24 #include <google/protobuf/repeated_field.h>
 25 #include <google/protobuf/extension_set.h>
 26 #include <google/protobuf/unknown_field_set.h>
 27 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 28 
 29 namespace lm {
 30 
 31 // Internal implementation detail -- do not call these.
 32 void  protobuf_AddDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
 33 void protobuf_AssignDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
 34 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
 35 
 36 class helloworld;
 37 
 38 // ===================================================================
 39 
 40 class helloworld : public ::google::protobuf::Message {
 41  public:
 42   helloworld();
 43   virtual ~helloworld();
 44 
 45   helloworld(const helloworld& from);
 46 
 47   inline helloworld& operator=(const helloworld& from) {
 48     CopyFrom(from);
 49     return *this;
 50   }
 51 
 52   inline const ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet& unknown_fields() const {
 53     return _unknown_fields_;
 54   }
 55 
 56   inline ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet* mutable_unknown_fields() {
 57     return &_unknown_fields_;
 58   }
 59 
 60   static const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* descriptor();
 61   static const helloworld& default_instance();
 62 
 63   void Swap(helloworld* other);
 64 
 65   // implements Message ----------------------------------------------
 66 
 67   helloworld* New() const;
 68   void CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
 69   void MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from);
 70   void CopyFrom(const helloworld& from);
 71   void MergeFrom(const helloworld& from);
 72   void Clear();
 73   bool IsInitialized() const;
 74 
 75   int ByteSize() const;
 76   bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(
 77       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input);
 78   void SerializeWithCachedSizes(
 79       ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
 80   ::google::protobuf::uint8* SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(::google::protobuf::uint8* output) const;
 81   int GetCachedSize() const { return _cached_size_; }
 82   private:
 83   void SharedCtor();
 84   void SharedDtor();
 85   void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
 86   public:
 87   ::google::protobuf::Metadata GetMetadata() const;
 88 
 89   // nested types ----------------------------------------------------
 90 
 91   // accessors -------------------------------------------------------
 92 
 93   // required int32 id = 1;
 94   inline bool has_id() const;
 95   inline void clear_id();
 96   static const int kIdFieldNumber = 1;
 97   inline ::google::protobuf::int32 id() const;
 98   inline void set_id(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
 99 
100   // required string str = 2;
101   inline bool has_str() const;
102   inline void clear_str();
103   static const int kStrFieldNumber = 2;
104   inline const ::std::string& str() const;
105   inline void set_str(const ::std::string& value);
106   inline void set_str(const char* value);
107   inline void set_str(const char* value, size_t size);
108   inline ::std::string* mutable_str();
109   inline ::std::string* release_str();
110   inline void set_allocated_str(::std::string* str);
111 
112   // optional int32 opt = 3;
113   inline bool has_opt() const;
114   inline void clear_opt();
115   static const int kOptFieldNumber = 3;
116   inline ::google::protobuf::int32 opt() const;
117   inline void set_opt(::google::protobuf::int32 value);
118 
119   // @@protoc_insertion_point(class_scope:lm.helloworld)
120  private:
121   inline void set_has_id();
122   inline void clear_has_id();
123   inline void set_has_str();
124   inline void clear_has_str();
125   inline void set_has_opt();
126   inline void clear_has_opt();
127 
128   ::google::protobuf::UnknownFieldSet _unknown_fields_;
129 
130   ::google::protobuf::uint32 _has_bits_[1];
131   mutable int _cached_size_;
132   ::std::string* str_;
133   ::google::protobuf::int32 id_;
134   ::google::protobuf::int32 opt_;
135   friend void  protobuf_AddDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
136   friend void protobuf_AssignDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
137   friend void protobuf_ShutdownFile_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
138 
139   void InitAsDefaultInstance();
140   static helloworld* default_instance_;
141 };
142 // ===================================================================
143 
144 
145 // ===================================================================
146 
147 // helloworld
148 
149 // required int32 id = 1;
150 inline bool helloworld::has_id() const {
151   return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000001u) != 0;
152 }
153 inline void helloworld::set_has_id() {
154   _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000001u;
155 }
156 inline void helloworld::clear_has_id() {
157   _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000001u;
158 }
159 inline void helloworld::clear_id() {
160   id_ = 0;
161   clear_has_id();
162 }
163 inline ::google::protobuf::int32 helloworld::id() const {
164   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:lm.helloworld.id)
165   return id_;
166 }
167 inline void helloworld::set_id(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
168   set_has_id();
169   id_ = value;
170   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:lm.helloworld.id)
171 }
172 
173 // required string str = 2;
174 inline bool helloworld::has_str() const {
175   return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000002u) != 0;
176 }
177 inline void helloworld::set_has_str() {
178   _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000002u;
179 }
180 inline void helloworld::clear_has_str() {
181   _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000002u;
182 }
183 inline void helloworld::clear_str() {
184   if (str_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
185     str_->clear();
186   }
187   clear_has_str();
188 }
189 inline const ::std::string& helloworld::str() const {
190   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:lm.helloworld.str)
191   return *str_;
192 }
193 inline void helloworld::set_str(const ::std::string& value) {
194   set_has_str();
195   if (str_ == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
196     str_ = new ::std::string;
197   }
198   str_->assign(value);
199   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:lm.helloworld.str)
200 }
201 inline void helloworld::set_str(const char* value) {
202   set_has_str();
203   if (str_ == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
204     str_ = new ::std::string;
205   }
206   str_->assign(value);
207   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_char:lm.helloworld.str)
208 }
209 inline void helloworld::set_str(const char* value, size_t size) {
210   set_has_str();
211   if (str_ == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
212     str_ = new ::std::string;
213   }
214   str_->assign(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(value), size);
215   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_pointer:lm.helloworld.str)
216 }
217 inline ::std::string* helloworld::mutable_str() {
218   set_has_str();
219   if (str_ == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
220     str_ = new ::std::string;
221   }
222   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_mutable:lm.helloworld.str)
223   return str_;
224 }
225 inline ::std::string* helloworld::release_str() {
226   clear_has_str();
227   if (str_ == &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
228     return NULL;
229   } else {
230     ::std::string* temp = str_;
231     str_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
232     return temp;
233   }
234 }
235 inline void helloworld::set_allocated_str(::std::string* str) {
236   if (str_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
237     delete str_;
238   }
239   if (str) {
240     set_has_str();
241     str_ = str;
242   } else {
243     clear_has_str();
244     str_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
245   }
246   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set_allocated:lm.helloworld.str)
247 }
248 
249 // optional int32 opt = 3;
250 inline bool helloworld::has_opt() const {
251   return (_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000004u) != 0;
252 }
253 inline void helloworld::set_has_opt() {
254   _has_bits_[0] |= 0x00000004u;
255 }
256 inline void helloworld::clear_has_opt() {
257   _has_bits_[0] &= ~0x00000004u;
258 }
259 inline void helloworld::clear_opt() {
260   opt_ = 0;
261   clear_has_opt();
262 }
263 inline ::google::protobuf::int32 helloworld::opt() const {
264   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_get:lm.helloworld.opt)
265   return opt_;
266 }
267 inline void helloworld::set_opt(::google::protobuf::int32 value) {
268   set_has_opt();
269   opt_ = value;
270   // @@protoc_insertion_point(field_set:lm.helloworld.opt)
271 }
272 
273 
274 // @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
275 
276 }  // namespace lm
277 
278 #ifndef SWIG
279 namespace google {
280 namespace protobuf {
281 
282 
283 }  // namespace google
284 }  // namespace protobuf
285 #endif  // SWIG
286 
287 // @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
288 
289 #endif  // PROTOBUF_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto__INCLUDED
    lm.helloworld.pb.h
      1 // Generated by the protocol buffer compiler.  DO NOT EDIT!
  2 // source: lm.helloworld.proto
  3 
  4 #define INTERNAL_SUPPRESS_PROTOBUF_FIELD_DEPRECATION
  5 #include "lm.helloworld.pb.h"
  6 
  7 #include <algorithm>
  8 
  9 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/common.h>
 10 #include <google/protobuf/stubs/once.h>
 11 #include <google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h>
 12 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format_lite_inl.h>
 13 #include <google/protobuf/descriptor.h>
 14 #include <google/protobuf/generated_message_reflection.h>
 15 #include <google/protobuf/reflection_ops.h>
 16 #include <google/protobuf/wire_format.h>
 17 // @@protoc_insertion_point(includes)
 18 
 19 namespace lm {
 20 
 21 namespace {
 22 
 23 const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* helloworld_descriptor_ = NULL;
 24 const ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection*
 25   helloworld_reflection_ = NULL;
 26 
 27 }  // namespace
 28 
 29 
 30 void protobuf_AssignDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto() {
 31   protobuf_AddDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
 32   const ::google::protobuf::FileDescriptor* file =
 33     ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool()->FindFileByName(
 34       "lm.helloworld.proto");
 35   GOOGLE_CHECK(file != NULL);
 36   helloworld_descriptor_ = file->message_type(0);
 37   static const int helloworld_offsets_[3] = {
 38     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(helloworld, id_),
 39     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(helloworld, str_),
 40     GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(helloworld, opt_),
 41   };
 42   helloworld_reflection_ =
 43     new ::google::protobuf::internal::GeneratedMessageReflection(
 44       helloworld_descriptor_,
 45       helloworld::default_instance_,
 46       helloworld_offsets_,
 47       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(helloworld, _has_bits_[0]),
 48       GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_GENERATED_MESSAGE_FIELD_OFFSET(helloworld, _unknown_fields_),
 49       -1,
 50       ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::generated_pool(),
 51       ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::generated_factory(),
 52       sizeof(helloworld));
 53 }
 54 
 55 namespace {
 56 
 57 GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_DECLARE_ONCE(protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_);
 58 inline void protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce() {
 59   ::google::protobuf::GoogleOnceInit(&protobuf_AssignDescriptors_once_,
 60                  &protobuf_AssignDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto);
 61 }
 62 
 63 void protobuf_RegisterTypes(const ::std::string&) {
 64   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
 65   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedMessage(
 66     helloworld_descriptor_, &helloworld::default_instance());
 67 }
 68 
 69 }  // namespace
 70 
 71 void protobuf_ShutdownFile_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto() {
 72   delete helloworld::default_instance_;
 73   delete helloworld_reflection_;
 74 }
 75 
 76 void protobuf_AddDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto() {
 77   static bool already_here = false;
 78   if (already_here) return;
 79   already_here = true;
 80   GOOGLE_PROTOBUF_VERIFY_VERSION;
 81 
 82   ::google::protobuf::DescriptorPool::InternalAddGeneratedFile(
 83     "
23lm.helloworld.proto2202lm"2

helloworld22"
 84     "

02id3001 02(052213
03str3002 02(	2213
03opt3003 01(05", 77);
 85   ::google::protobuf::MessageFactory::InternalRegisterGeneratedFile(
 86     "lm.helloworld.proto", &protobuf_RegisterTypes);
 87   helloworld::default_instance_ = new helloworld();
 88   helloworld::default_instance_->InitAsDefaultInstance();
 89   ::google::protobuf::internal::OnShutdown(&protobuf_ShutdownFile_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto);
 90 }
 91 
 92 // Force AddDescriptors() to be called at static initialization time.
 93 struct StaticDescriptorInitializer_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto {
 94   StaticDescriptorInitializer_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto() {
 95     protobuf_AddDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
 96   }
 97 } static_descriptor_initializer_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto_;
 98 
 99 // ===================================================================
100 
101 #ifndef _MSC_VER
102 const int helloworld::kIdFieldNumber;
103 const int helloworld::kStrFieldNumber;
104 const int helloworld::kOptFieldNumber;
105 #endif  // !_MSC_VER
106 
107 helloworld::helloworld()
108   : ::google::protobuf::Message() {
109   SharedCtor();
110   // @@protoc_insertion_point(constructor:lm.helloworld)
111 }
112 
113 void helloworld::InitAsDefaultInstance() {
114 }
115 
116 helloworld::helloworld(const helloworld& from)
117   : ::google::protobuf::Message() {
118   SharedCtor();
119   MergeFrom(from);
120   // @@protoc_insertion_point(copy_constructor:lm.helloworld)
121 }
122 
123 void helloworld::SharedCtor() {
124   ::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyString();
125   _cached_size_ = 0;
126   id_ = 0;
127   str_ = const_cast< ::std::string*>(&::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited());
128   opt_ = 0;
129   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
130 }
131 
132 helloworld::~helloworld() {
133   // @@protoc_insertion_point(destructor:lm.helloworld)
134   SharedDtor();
135 }
136 
137 void helloworld::SharedDtor() {
138   if (str_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
139     delete str_;
140   }
141   if (this != default_instance_) {
142   }
143 }
144 
145 void helloworld::SetCachedSize(int size) const {
146   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
147   _cached_size_ = size;
148   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
149 }
150 const ::google::protobuf::Descriptor* helloworld::descriptor() {
151   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
152   return helloworld_descriptor_;
153 }
154 
155 const helloworld& helloworld::default_instance() {
156   if (default_instance_ == NULL) protobuf_AddDesc_lm_2ehelloworld_2eproto();
157   return *default_instance_;
158 }
159 
160 helloworld* helloworld::default_instance_ = NULL;
161 
162 helloworld* helloworld::New() const {
163   return new helloworld;
164 }
165 
166 void helloworld::Clear() {
167 #define OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(f) (reinterpret_cast<char*>(      
168   &reinterpret_cast<helloworld*>(16)->f) - 
169    reinterpret_cast<char*>(16))
170 
171 #define ZR_(first, last) do {                              
172     size_t f = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(first);                    
173     size_t n = OFFSET_OF_FIELD_(last) - f + sizeof(last);  
174     ::memset(&first, 0, n);                                
175   } while (0)
176 
177   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & 7) {
178     ZR_(id_, opt_);
179     if (has_str()) {
180       if (str_ != &::google::protobuf::internal::GetEmptyStringAlreadyInited()) {
181         str_->clear();
182       }
183     }
184   }
185 
186 #undef OFFSET_OF_FIELD_
187 #undef ZR_
188 
189   ::memset(_has_bits_, 0, sizeof(_has_bits_));
190   mutable_unknown_fields()->Clear();
191 }
192 
193 bool helloworld::MergePartialFromCodedStream(
194     ::google::protobuf::io::CodedInputStream* input) {
195 #define DO_(EXPRESSION) if (!(EXPRESSION)) goto failure
196   ::google::protobuf::uint32 tag;
197   // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_start:lm.helloworld)
198   for (;;) {
199     ::std::pair< ::google::protobuf::uint32, bool> p = input->ReadTagWithCutoff(127);
200     tag = p.first;
201     if (!p.second) goto handle_unusual;
202     switch (::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagFieldNumber(tag)) {
203       // required int32 id = 1;
204       case 1: {
205         if (tag == 8) {
206           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
207                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
208                  input, &id_)));
209           set_has_id();
210         } else {
211           goto handle_unusual;
212         }
213         if (input->ExpectTag(18)) goto parse_str;
214         break;
215       }
216 
217       // required string str = 2;
218       case 2: {
219         if (tag == 18) {
220          parse_str:
221           DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadString(
222                 input, this->mutable_str()));
223           ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
224             this->str().data(), this->str().length(),
225             ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::PARSE,
226             "str");
227         } else {
228           goto handle_unusual;
229         }
230         if (input->ExpectTag(24)) goto parse_opt;
231         break;
232       }
233 
234       // optional int32 opt = 3;
235       case 3: {
236         if (tag == 24) {
237          parse_opt:
238           DO_((::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::ReadPrimitive<
239                    ::google::protobuf::int32, ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::TYPE_INT32>(
240                  input, &opt_)));
241           set_has_opt();
242         } else {
243           goto handle_unusual;
244         }
245         if (input->ExpectAtEnd()) goto success;
246         break;
247       }
248 
249       default: {
250       handle_unusual:
251         if (tag == 0 ||
252             ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::GetTagWireType(tag) ==
253             ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WIRETYPE_END_GROUP) {
254           goto success;
255         }
256         DO_(::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SkipField(
257               input, tag, mutable_unknown_fields()));
258         break;
259       }
260     }
261   }
262 success:
263   // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_success:lm.helloworld)
264   return true;
265 failure:
266   // @@protoc_insertion_point(parse_failure:lm.helloworld)
267   return false;
268 #undef DO_
269 }
270 
271 void helloworld::SerializeWithCachedSizes(
272     ::google::protobuf::io::CodedOutputStream* output) const {
273   // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_start:lm.helloworld)
274   // required int32 id = 1;
275   if (has_id()) {
276     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(1, this->id(), output);
277   }
278 
279   // required string str = 2;
280   if (has_str()) {
281     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
282       this->str().data(), this->str().length(),
283       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
284       "str");
285     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringMaybeAliased(
286       2, this->str(), output);
287   }
288 
289   // optional int32 opt = 3;
290   if (has_opt()) {
291     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32(3, this->opt(), output);
292   }
293 
294   if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
295     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFields(
296         unknown_fields(), output);
297   }
298   // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_end:lm.helloworld)
299 }
300 
301 ::google::protobuf::uint8* helloworld::SerializeWithCachedSizesToArray(
302     ::google::protobuf::uint8* target) const {
303   // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_start:lm.helloworld)
304   // required int32 id = 1;
305   if (has_id()) {
306     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(1, this->id(), target);
307   }
308 
309   // required string str = 2;
310   if (has_str()) {
311     ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::VerifyUTF8StringNamedField(
312       this->str().data(), this->str().length(),
313       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SERIALIZE,
314       "str");
315     target =
316       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteStringToArray(
317         2, this->str(), target);
318   }
319 
320   // optional int32 opt = 3;
321   if (has_opt()) {
322     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::WriteInt32ToArray(3, this->opt(), target);
323   }
324 
325   if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
326     target = ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::SerializeUnknownFieldsToArray(
327         unknown_fields(), target);
328   }
329   // @@protoc_insertion_point(serialize_to_array_end:lm.helloworld)
330   return target;
331 }
332 
333 int helloworld::ByteSize() const {
334   int total_size = 0;
335 
336   if (_has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
337     // required int32 id = 1;
338     if (has_id()) {
339       total_size += 1 +
340         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
341           this->id());
342     }
343 
344     // required string str = 2;
345     if (has_str()) {
346       total_size += 1 +
347         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::StringSize(
348           this->str());
349     }
350 
351     // optional int32 opt = 3;
352     if (has_opt()) {
353       total_size += 1 +
354         ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormatLite::Int32Size(
355           this->opt());
356     }
357 
358   }
359   if (!unknown_fields().empty()) {
360     total_size +=
361       ::google::protobuf::internal::WireFormat::ComputeUnknownFieldsSize(
362         unknown_fields());
363   }
364   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_BEGIN();
365   _cached_size_ = total_size;
366   GOOGLE_SAFE_CONCURRENT_WRITES_END();
367   return total_size;
368 }
369 
370 void helloworld::MergeFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
371   GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, this);
372   const helloworld* source =
373     ::google::protobuf::internal::dynamic_cast_if_available<const helloworld*>(
374       &from);
375   if (source == NULL) {
376     ::google::protobuf::internal::ReflectionOps::Merge(from, this);
377   } else {
378     MergeFrom(*source);
379   }
380 }
381 
382 void helloworld::MergeFrom(const helloworld& from) {
383   GOOGLE_CHECK_NE(&from, this);
384   if (from._has_bits_[0 / 32] & (0xffu << (0 % 32))) {
385     if (from.has_id()) {
386       set_id(from.id());
387     }
388     if (from.has_str()) {
389       set_str(from.str());
390     }
391     if (from.has_opt()) {
392       set_opt(from.opt());
393     }
394   }
395   mutable_unknown_fields()->MergeFrom(from.unknown_fields());
396 }
397 
398 void helloworld::CopyFrom(const ::google::protobuf::Message& from) {
399   if (&from == this) return;
400   Clear();
401   MergeFrom(from);
402 }
403 
404 void helloworld::CopyFrom(const helloworld& from) {
405   if (&from == this) return;
406   Clear();
407   MergeFrom(from);
408 }
409 
410 bool helloworld::IsInitialized() const {
411   if ((_has_bits_[0] & 0x00000003) != 0x00000003) return false;
412 
413   return true;
414 }
415 
416 void helloworld::Swap(helloworld* other) {
417   if (other != this) {
418     std::swap(id_, other->id_);
419     std::swap(str_, other->str_);
420     std::swap(opt_, other->opt_);
421     std::swap(_has_bits_[0], other->_has_bits_[0]);
422     _unknown_fields_.Swap(&other->_unknown_fields_);
423     std::swap(_cached_size_, other->_cached_size_);
424   }
425 }
426 
427 ::google::protobuf::Metadata helloworld::GetMetadata() const {
428   protobuf_AssignDescriptorsOnce();
429   ::google::protobuf::Metadata metadata;
430   metadata.descriptor = helloworld_descriptor_;
431   metadata.reflection = helloworld_reflection_;
432   return metadata;
433 }
434 
435 
436 // @@protoc_insertion_point(namespace_scope)
437 
438 }  // namespace lm
439 
440 // @@protoc_insertion_point(global_scope)
    lm.helloworld.pb.cc
      1 // Abstract interface for protocol messages.
  2 //
  3 // See also MessageLite, which contains most every-day operations.  Message
  4 // adds descriptors and reflection on top of that.
  5 //
  6 // The methods of this class that are virtual but not pure-virtual have
  7 // default implementations based on reflection.  Message classes which are
  8 // optimized for speed will want to override these with faster implementations,
  9 // but classes optimized for code size may be happy with keeping them.  See
 10 // the optimize_for option in descriptor.proto.
 11 class LIBPROTOBUF_EXPORT Message : public MessageLite {
 12  public:
 13   inline Message() {}
 14   virtual ~Message();
 15  
 16   // Basic Operations ------------------------------------------------
 17  
 18   // Construct a new instance of the same type.  Ownership is passed to the
 19   // caller.  (This is also defined in MessageLite, but is defined again here
 20   // for return-type covariance.)
 21   virtual Message* New() const = 0;
 22  
 23   // Make this message into a copy of the given message.  The given message
 24   // must have the same descriptor, but need not necessarily be the same class.
 25   // By default this is just implemented as "Clear(); MergeFrom(from);".
 26   virtual void CopyFrom(const Message& from);
 27  
 28   // Merge the fields from the given message into this message.  Singular
 29   // fields will be overwritten, except for embedded messages which will
 30   // be merged.  Repeated fields will be concatenated.  The given message
 31   // must be of the same type as this message (i.e. the exact same class).
 32   virtual void MergeFrom(const Message& from);
 33  
 34   // Verifies that IsInitialized() returns true.  GOOGLE_CHECK-fails otherwise, with
 35   // a nice error message.
 36   void CheckInitialized() const;
 37  
 38   // Slowly build a list of all required fields that are not set.
 39   // This is much, much slower than IsInitialized() as it is implemented
 40   // purely via reflection.  Generally, you should not call this unless you
 41   // have already determined that an error exists by calling IsInitialized().
 42   void FindInitializationErrors(vector<string>* errors) const;
 43  
 44   // Like FindInitializationErrors, but joins all the strings, delimited by
 45   // commas, and returns them.
 46   string InitializationErrorString() const;
 47  
 48   // Clears all unknown fields from this message and all embedded messages.
 49   // Normally, if unknown tag numbers are encountered when parsing a message,
 50   // the tag and value are stored in the message's UnknownFieldSet and
 51   // then written back out when the message is serialized.  This allows servers
 52   // which simply route messages to other servers to pass through messages
 53   // that have new field definitions which they don't yet know about.  However,
 54   // this behavior can have security implications.  To avoid it, call this
 55   // method after parsing.
 56   //
 57   // See Reflection::GetUnknownFields() for more on unknown fields.
 58   virtual void DiscardUnknownFields();
 59  
 60   // Computes (an estimate of) the total number of bytes currently used for
 61   // storing the message in memory.  The default implementation calls the
 62   // Reflection object's SpaceUsed() method.
 63   virtual int SpaceUsed() const;
 64  
 65   // Debugging & Testing----------------------------------------------
 66  
 67   // Generates a human readable form of this message, useful for debugging
 68   // and other purposes.
 69   string DebugString() const;
 70   // Like DebugString(), but with less whitespace.
 71   string ShortDebugString() const;
 72   // Like DebugString(), but do not escape UTF-8 byte sequences.
 73   string Utf8DebugString() const;
 74   // Convenience function useful in GDB.  Prints DebugString() to stdout.
 75   void PrintDebugString() const;
 76  
 77   // Heavy I/O -------------------------------------------------------
 78   // Additional parsing and serialization methods not implemented by
 79   // MessageLite because they are not supported by the lite library.
 80  
 81   // Parse a protocol buffer from a file descriptor.  If successful, the entire
 82   // input will be consumed.
 83   bool ParseFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
 84   // Like ParseFromFileDescriptor(), but accepts messages that are missing
 85   // required fields.
 86   bool ParsePartialFromFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor);
 87   // Parse a protocol buffer from a C++ istream.  If successful, the entire
 88   // input will be consumed.
 89   bool ParseFromIstream(istream* input);
 90   // Like ParseFromIstream(), but accepts messages that are missing
 91   // required fields.
 92   bool ParsePartialFromIstream(istream* input);
 93  
 94   // Serialize the message and write it to the given file descriptor.  All
 95   // required fields must be set.
 96   bool SerializeToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
 97   // Like SerializeToFileDescriptor(), but allows missing required fields.
 98   bool SerializePartialToFileDescriptor(int file_descriptor) const;
 99   // Serialize the message and write it to the given C++ ostream.  All
100   // required fields must be set.
101   bool SerializeToOstream(ostream* output) const;
102   // Like SerializeToOstream(), but allows missing required fields.
103   bool SerializePartialToOstream(ostream* output) const;
104  
105  
106   // Reflection-based methods ----------------------------------------
107   // These methods are pure-virtual in MessageLite, but Message provides
108   // reflection-based default implementations.
109  
110   virtual string GetTypeName() const;
111   virtual void Clear();
112   virtual bool IsInitialized() const;
113   virtual void CheckTypeAndMergeFrom(const MessageLite& other);
114   virtual bool MergePartialFromCodedStream(io::CodedInputStream* input);
115   virtual int ByteSize() const;
116   virtual void SerializeWithCachedSizes(io::CodedOutputStream* output) const;
117  
118  private:
119   // This is called only by the default implementation of ByteSize(), to
120   // update the cached size.  If you override ByteSize(), you do not need
121   // to override this.  If you do not override ByteSize(), you MUST override
122   // this; the default implementation will crash.
123   //
124   // The method is private because subclasses should never call it; only
125   // override it.  Yes, C++ lets you do that.  Crazy, huh?
126   virtual void SetCachedSize(int size) const;
127  
128  public:
129  
130   // Introspection ---------------------------------------------------
131  
132   // Typedef for backwards-compatibility.
133   typedef google::protobuf::Reflection Reflection;
134  
135   // Get a Descriptor for this message's type.  This describes what
136   // fields the message contains, the types of those fields, etc.
137   const Descriptor* GetDescriptor() const { return GetMetadata().descriptor; }
138  
139   // Get the Reflection interface for this Message, which can be used to
140   // read and modify the fields of the Message dynamically (in other words,
141   // without knowing the message type at compile time).  This object remains
142   // property of the Message.
143   //
144   // This method remains virtual in case a subclass does not implement
145   // reflection and wants to override the default behavior.
146   virtual const Reflection* GetReflection() const {
147     return GetMetadata().reflection;
148   }
149  
150  protected:
151   // Get a struct containing the metadata for the Message. Most subclasses only
152   // need to implement this method, rather than the GetDescriptor() and
153   // GetReflection() wrappers.
154   virtual Metadata GetMetadata() const  = 0;
155  
156  
157  private:
158   GOOGLE_DISALLOW_EVIL_CONSTRUCTORS(Message);
159 };
    Message.h
    

    3. 在需求代码中引入2中的实现
    使用：
    

    Docker与Dockerfile极简入门文档
    

    https://blog.csdn.net/qq_33256688/article/details/80319673
    

    


    

    
    
                
    
                
              
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                原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/cjyp/p/10292304.html
              
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