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  • blktrace + blkparse + btt 分析IO

    blktrace是一款block层的trace工具,block层在IO路径上的位置:
    一个IO的生命周期大约是:
    ● I/O enters block layer – it can be:
    – Remapped onto another device (MD, DM)
    – Split into 2 separate I/Os (alignment, size, ...)
    – Added to the request queue
    – Merged with a previous entry on the queue All I/Os end up on a request queue at some point
    ● At some later time, the I/O is issued to a device driver, and submitted to a device
    ● Later, the I/O is completed by the device, and its driver
     
     blkparse显示的各指标点示意:
     Q------->G------------>I--------->M------------------->D----------------------------->C
    |-Q time-|-Insert time-|
    |--------- merge time ------------|-merge with other IO|
    |----------------scheduler time time-------------------|---driver,adapter,storagetime--|

    |----------------------- await time in iostat output ----------------------------------|
    其中:
    Q2Q — time between requests sent to the block layer
    Q2G — time
    from a block I/O is queued to the time it gets a request allocated for it
    G2I — time f
    rom a request is allocated to the time it is Inserted into the device's queue
    Q2M — time
    from a block I/O is queued to the time it gets merged with an existing request
    I2D — time
    from a request is inserted into the device's queue to the time it is actually issued to the device
    M2D — time from
    a block I/O is merged with an exiting request until the request is issued to the device
    D2C — service time of the request by the device
    Q2C — total time spent in the block layer
    for a request

    下面通过示例简单介绍使用blktrace工具链分析IO的一般方法:
     
    1,使用blktrace 抓取设备上的IO信息:
        blktrace -w 120 -d /dev/nvme0n1
       这会在本地目录下面生成device.blktrace.cpu命名的一堆二进制文件
     
    2,使用blkparse读取blktrace生成的二进制文件:
          blkparse -i nvme0n1 -d blkparse.out
          这个命令会将分析结果输出到屏幕,并且将分析结果的二进制数据输出到blkparse.out文件中
     
    3,使用btt查看和分析各种IO相关数据
    3.1 使用btt查看IO的整体情况:
         btt -i blkparse.out

    上图中几个X2Y的解释:

    Q2I – time it takes to process an I/O prior to it being inserted or merged onto a request queue – Includes split, and remap time

    I2D – time the I/O is “idle” on the request queue

    D2C – time the I/O is “active” in the driver and on the device

    Q2I + I2D + D2C = Q2C

    Q2C: Total processing time of the I/O 

    可以看到设备处理时间D2C占整个处理时间Q2C的91.95%
     
    3.3 使用btt查看每个请求的latency的详细情况:
    btt -i blkparse.out  -q q2c.lat
     它会生成下面这些文件:
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     876 Jun 13 18:14 sys_mbps_fp.dat
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     451 Jun 13 18:14 sys_iops_fp.dat
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  429815 Jun 13 18:14 q2c.lat_259,6_q2c.dat
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     876 Jun 13 18:14 259,6_mbps_fp.dat
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     451 Jun 13 18:14 259,6_iops_fp.dat
     
    sys_mbps_fs.dat中是本次统计中所有设备吞吐量,sys_iops_fp.dat中是本次统计中所有设备的IOPS,q2c.lat_259,6_q2c.dat中是每个请求的q2c的latency详情:
    第一列表示时间(以秒为单位),第二列表示每个请求的q2c处理时间
    也可以用-l查看d2c的latency
     
    3.4 使用btt查看IO pattern
    btt -i blkparse.out -B offset
    它会生成三个文件:
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  819132 Jun 13 18:21 offset_259,6_w.dat
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     108 Jun 13 18:21 offset_259,6_r.dat
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  819240 Jun 13 18:21 offset_259,6_c.dat
               prefix_device_r.dat
                      All read block numbers are output, first column is time (seconds), second is the block number, and the third column is the ending block number.
               prefix_device_w.dat
                      All write block numbers are output, first column is time (seconds), second is the block number, and the third column is the ending block number.
               prefix_device_c.dat
                      All block numbers (read and write) are output, first column is time (seconds), second is the block number, and the third column is the ending block number.
     
     
    4,高级功能
    blkparse的 -f 选项能从trace数据中抓取特定的信息输出。
    比如:
    blkparse -i nvme0n1.blktrace.* -f "%5T.%9t, %p, %C, %a, %d, %N
    " -a complete -o output.txt
    它会将进程号(%p),进程名(%C),操作类型(%a),LBA号(%d)和LBA个数(%N)这些信息输出到output.txt中:

    其他格式化参数请man blkparse。

    更多用法请参考man blktrace和man blkparse.

    值得一提的是,blktrace对应用程序的性能影响极小,作者是这么说的:Seeing less than 2% hits to application performance in relatively stressful I/O situations。

    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cobbliu/p/7002933.html
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