大数据量分页存储过程效率测试附代码

在项目中，我们经常遇到或用到分页，那么在大数据量（百万级以上）下，哪种分页算法效率最优呢？我们不妨用事实说话。 
  测试环境 
  硬件：CPU 酷睿双核T5750 内存：2G 
  软件:Windows server 2003 + sql server 2005 
  OK,我们首先创建一数据库：data_Test,并在此数据库中创建一表：tb_TestTable 
  

create database data_Test --创建数据库
data_Test 
GO
use data_Test
GO
create table tb_TestTable --创建表
(id int identity(1,1) primary key,
 userName nvarchar(20) not null,
 userPWD nvarchar(20) not null,
 userEmail nvarchar(40) null)
GO

  然后我们在数据表中插入2000000条数据: 
 

 --插入数据 
 set identity_insert tb_TestTable on 
 declare @count int 
 set @count=1 
 while @count<=2000000 
 begin 
 insert into tb_TestTable(id,userName,userPWD,userEmail) values(@count,'admin','admin888','lli0077@yahoo.com.cn') 
 set @count=@count+1 
 end 
 set identity_insert tb_TestTable off 

  我首先写了五个常用存储过程： 
  1，利用select top 和select not in进行分页，具体代码如下： 
 

create procedure proc_paged_with_notin --利用select top and select not in 
( 
 @pageIndex int, --页索引 
 @pageSize int --每页记录数 
) 
as 
begin 
set nocount on; 
declare @timediff datetime --耗时 
declare @sql nvarchar(500) 
select @timediff=Getdate() 
set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_TestTable where(ID not in(select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id from tb_TestTable order by ID ASC)) order by ID' 
execute(@sql) --因select top后不支技直接接参数，所以写成了字符串@sql 
select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时 
set nocount off; 
end 

  2,利用select top 和 select max(列键) 

create procedure proc_paged_with_selectMax --利用select top and select max(列) 
( 
 @pageIndex int, --页索引 
 @pageSize int --页记录数 
) 
as 
begin 
set nocount on; 
 declare @timediff datetime 
 declare @sql nvarchar(500) 
 select @timediff=Getdate() 
 set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * From tb_TestTable where(ID>(select max(id) From (select top '+str(@pageSize*@pageIndex)+' id From tb_TestTable order by ID) as TempTable)) order by ID' 
 execute(@sql) 
 select datediff(ms,@timediff,GetDate()) as 耗时 
 set nocount off; 
end

 
  3,利用select top和中间变量--此方法因网上有人说效果最佳，所以贴出来一同测试 
 

create procedure proc_paged_with_Midvar --利用ID>最大ID值和中间变量 
( 
 @pageIndex int, 
 @pageSize int 
) 
as 
 declare @count int 
 declare @ID int 
 declare @timediff datetime 
 declare @sql nvarchar(500) 
begin 
set nocount on; 
 select @count=0,@ID=0,@timediff=getdate() 
 select @count=@count+1,@ID=case when @count<=@pageSize*@pageIndex then ID else @ID end from tb_testTable order by id 
 set @sql='select top '+str(@pageSize)+' * from tb_testTable where ID>'+str(@ID) 
 execute(@sql) 
 select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时 
set nocount off; 
end  

  4,利用Row_number() 此方法为sql server 2005中新的方法,利用Row_number()给数据行加上索引 

create procedure proc_paged_with_Rownumber --利用SQL 2005中的Row_number() 
( 
 @pageIndex int, 
 @pageSize int 
) 
as 
 declare @timediff datetime 
begin 
set nocount on; 
 select @timediff=getdate() 
 select * from (select *,Row_number() over(order by ID asc) as IDRank from tb_testTable) as IDWithRowNumber where IDRank>@pageSize*@pageIndex and IDRank<@pageSize*(@pageIndex+1) 
 select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时 
set nocount off; 
end  

  5，利用临时表及Row_number 

create procedure proc_CTE --利用临时表及Row_number 
( 
 @pageIndex int, --页索引 
 @pageSize int --页记录数 
) 
as 
 set nocount on; 
 declare @ctestr nvarchar(400) 
 declare @strSql nvarchar(400) 
 declare @datediff datetime 
begin 
 select @datediff=GetDate() 
 set @ctestr='with Table_CTE as 
  (select ceiling((Row_number() over(order by ID ASC))/'+str(@pageSize)+') as page_num,* from tb_TestTable)'; 
   set @strSql=@ctestr+' select * From Table_CTE where page_num='+str(@pageIndex) 
  end 
begin 
  execute sp_executesql @strSql 
  select datediff(ms,@datediff,GetDate()) 
  set nocount off; 
end  

  OK,至此，存储过程创建完毕，我们分别在每页10条数据的情况下在第2页，第1000页，第10000页，第100000页，第199999页进行测试，耗时单位：ms 每页测试5次取其平均值 
  存过 第2页耗时 第1000页耗时 第10000页耗时 第100000页耗时 第199999页耗时 效率排行 
  1用not in 0ms 16ms 47ms 475ms 953ms 3 
  2用select max 5ms 16ms 35ms 325ms 623ms 1 
  3中间变量 966ms 970ms 960ms 945ms 933ms 5 
  4row_number 0ms 0ms 34ms 365ms 710ms 2 
  4临时表 780ms 796ms 798ms 780ms 805ms 4

  测试结果显示：select max >row_number>not in>临时表>中间变量 
  于是我对效率最高的select max方法用2分法进行了扩展，代码取自互联网，我修改了ASC排序时取不到值的BUG，测试结果: 
  2分法 156ms 156ms 180ms 470ms 156ms 1* 
  从测试结果来看，使用2分法确实可以提高效率并使效率更为稳定，我又增加了第159999页的测试，用时仅296ms，效果相当的不错！ 
  下面是2分法使用select max的代码，已相当完善。 

--/*-----存储过程 分页处理 孙伟 2005-03-28创建 -------*/ 
--/*-----存储过程 分页处理 浪尘 2008-9-1修改----------*/ 
--/*----- 对数据进行了2分处理使查询前半部分数据与查询后半部分数据性能相同 -------*/ 
 
alter PROCEDURE proc_paged_2part_selectMax 
( 
@tblName nvarchar(200), ----要显示的表或多个表的连接 
@fldName nvarchar(500) = '*', ----要显示的字段列表 
@pageSize int = 10, ----每页显示的记录个数 
@page int = 1, ----要显示那一页的记录 
@fldSort nvarchar(200) = null, ----排序字段列表或条件 
@Sort bit = 0, ----排序方法，0为升序，1为降序(如果是多字段排列Sort指代最后一个排序字段的排列顺序(最后一个排序字段不加排序标记)--程序传参如：' SortA Asc,SortB Desc,SortC ') 
@strCondition nvarchar(1000) = null, ----查询条件,不需where 
@ID nvarchar(150), ----主表的主键 
@Dist bit = 0, ----是否添加查询字段的 DISTINCT 默认0不添加/1添加 
@pageCount int = 1 output, ----查询结果分页后的总页数 
@Counts int = 1 output ----查询到的记录数 
) 
AS 
SET NOCOUNT ON 
Declare @sqlTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放动态生成的SQL语句 
Declare @strTmp nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询结果总数的查询语句 
Declare @strID nvarchar(1000) ----存放取得查询开头或结尾ID的查询语句 
 
Declare @strSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则A 
Declare @strFSortType nvarchar(10) ----数据排序规则B 
 
Declare @SqlSelect nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的查询进行SQL构造 
Declare @SqlCounts nvarchar(50) ----对含有DISTINCT的总数查询进行SQL构造 
 
declare @timediff datetime --耗时测试时间差 
select @timediff=getdate() 
 
if @Dist = 0 
begin 
 set @SqlSelect = 'select ' 
 set @SqlCounts = 'Count(*)' 
end 
else 
begin 
 set @SqlSelect = 'select distinct ' 
 set @SqlCounts = 'Count(DISTINCT '+@ID+')' 
end 
 
 
if @Sort=0 
begin 
 set @strFSortType=' ASC ' 
 set @strSortType=' DESC ' 
end 
else 
begin 
 set @strFSortType=' DESC ' 
 set @strSortType=' ASC ' 
end 
 
 
 
--------生成查询语句-------- 
--此处@strTmp为取得查询结果数量的语句 
if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件 
begin 
 set @sqlTmp = @fldName + ' From ' + @tblName 
 set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName 
 set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName 
end 
else 
begin 
 set @sqlTmp = + @fldName + 'From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition 
 set @strTmp = @SqlSelect+' @Counts='+@SqlCounts+' FROM '+@tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition 
 set @strID = ' From ' + @tblName + ' where (1>0) ' + @strCondition 
end 
 
----取得查询结果总数量----- 
exec sp_executesql @strTmp,N'@Counts int out ',@Counts out 
declare @tmpCounts int 
if @Counts = 0 
 set @tmpCounts = 1 
else 
 set @tmpCounts = @Counts 
 
 --取得分页总数 
 set @pageCount=(@tmpCounts+@pageSize-1)/@pageSize 
 
 /**//**//**//**当前页大于总页数 取最后一页**/ 
 if @page>@pageCount 
 set @page=@pageCount 
 
 --/*-----数据分页2分处理-------*/ 
 declare @pageIndex int --总数/页大小 
 declare @lastcount int --总数%页大小 
 
 set @pageIndex = @tmpCounts/@pageSize 
 set @lastcount = @tmpCounts%@pageSize 
 if @lastcount > 0 
 set @pageIndex = @pageIndex + 1 
 else 
 set @lastcount = @pagesize 
 
 --//***显示分页 
 if @strCondition is null or @strCondition='' --没有设置显示条件 
 begin 
 if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理 
 begin 
 if @page=1 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 else 
 begin 
 if @Sort=1 
 begin 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 else 
 begin 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 end 
 end 
 else 
 begin 
 set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理 
 if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 else 
 if @Sort=1 
 begin 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 else 
 begin 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 
 +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 end 
 end 
 
 else --有查询条件 
 begin 
 if @pageIndex<2 or @page<=@pageIndex / 2 + @pageIndex % 2 --前半部分数据处理 
 begin 
 if @page=1 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where 1=1 ' + @strCondition + ' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 else if(@Sort=1) 
 begin 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 
 +' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 else 
 begin 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from ('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-1) as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' where (1=1) ' + @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType+') AS TBMinID)' 
 +' '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 end 
 else 
 begin 
 set @page = @pageIndex-@page+1 --后半部分数据处理 
 if @page <= 1 --最后一页数据显示 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@lastcount as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 else if(@Sort=1) 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' >(select max('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 
 +' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 else 
 set @strTmp=@SqlSelect+' * from ('+@SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize as VARCHAR(4))+' '+ @fldName+' from '+@tblName 
 +' where '+@ID+' <(select min('+ @ID +') from('+ @SqlSelect+' top '+ CAST(@pageSize*(@page-2)+@lastcount as Varchar(20)) +' '+ @ID +' from '+@tblName 
 +' where (1=1) '+ @strCondition +' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TBMaxID)' 
 +' '+ @strCondition+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strSortType+') AS TempTB'+' order by '+ @fldSort +' '+ @strFSortType 
 end 
 end 
 
------返回查询结果----- 
exec sp_executesql @strTmp 
select datediff(ms,@timediff,getdate()) as 耗时 
--print @strTmp 
SET NOCOUNT OFF 
GO 

  执行示例：exec proc_paged_2part_selectMax 'tb_testTable','ID,userName,userPWD,userEmail',10,100000,'ID',0,null,'ID',0 
  这种测试只在单机进行，并且没有在实际开发WEB项目中分页测试，测试项也比较单一，所以不够全面系统，但从其效率相比上，我们可以在数据库分页算法上进行有效的控制。