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  • 线程间通信

    线程之间需要一些协调通信,来共同完成一件任务。Java多线程中,线程之间通信最常用的两个方法是wait()与notify()

    使用wait()与notify()实现线程间的通信,需注意:

    ①wait()与notify()必须配合synochnized关键字使用

    ②wait()会释放锁,notify()不会释放锁

    1.不使用notify()与wait()实现通信:

    参照demo1

    public class TestWaitNotify {	
    	private volatile static List list = new ArrayList();	
    	public void add(){
    		list.add("bjsxt");
    	}
    	public int size(){
    		return list.size();
    	}
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		final TestWaitNotify list1 = new TestWaitNotify();
    		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    			public void run() {
    				try {
    					for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){
    						list1.add();
    						System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素..");
    						Thread.sleep(500);
    					}	
    				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    			}
    		}, "t1");
    		
    		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    			public void run() {
    				while(true){
    					if(list1.size() == 5){
    						System.out.println("当前线程收到通知:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list size = 5 线程停止..");
    						throw new RuntimeException();
    					}
    				}
    			}
    		}, "t2");		
    		
    		t1.start();
    		t2.start();
    	}
    }
    

    运行结果:

    demo1总结:该方式确实实现了线程间的通信,但是用法比较传统,使用不够灵活;

    2.使用wait()与notify()方法实现线程间通信

    代码参照demo2:

    public class TestWaitNotify2 {
    	private volatile static List list = new ArrayList();	
    	
    	public void add(){
    		list.add("bjsxt");
    	}
    	public int size(){
    		return list.size();
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {	
    		final TestWaitNotify2 list2 = new TestWaitNotify2();
    		
    		// 1 实例化出来一个 lock
    		// 当使用wait 和 notify 的时候 , 一定要配合着synchronized关键字去使用
    		final Object lock = new Object();
    		
    		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    			public void run() {
    				try {
    					synchronized (lock) {
    						for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){
    							list2.add();
    							System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素..");
    							Thread.sleep(500);
    							if(list2.size() == 5){
    								System.out.println("已经发出通知..");
    								lock.notify();
    							}
    						}						
    					}
    				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    
    			}
    		}, "t1");
    		
    		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    			public void run() {
    				synchronized (lock) {
    					if(list2.size() != 5){
    						try {
    							//System.out.println("t2进入...");
    							lock.wait();
    						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    							e.printStackTrace();
    						}
    					}
    					System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到通知线程停止..");
    					throw new RuntimeException();
    				}
    			}
    		}, "t2");	
    		t2.start();
    		t1.start();	
    	}
    }
    

     运行结果:

    demo2总结:

    通过wait()与notify()虽然实现了线程间通信,但是不能实现实时通信,因为wait()方法释放锁,可是notify()不释放锁,只有等t1线程执行完了,t2线程才能拿到锁执行;

    3.通过countDownLatch实现线程间实时通信

    demo3代码如下:

    public class TestWaitNotify2 {
    	private volatile static List list = new ArrayList();	
    	
    	public void add(){
    		list.add("bjsxt");
    	}
    	public int size(){
    		return list.size();
    	}
    	
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		
    		final TestWaitNotify2 list2 = new TestWaitNotify2();
    		
    		// 1 实例化出来一个 lock
    		// 当使用wait 和 notify 的时候 , 一定要配合着synchronized关键字去使用
    		//final Object lock = new Object();
    		
    		final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    		
    		Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    			public void run() {
    				try {
    					//synchronized (lock) {
    						for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){
    							list2.add();
    							System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素..");
    							Thread.sleep(500);
    							if(list2.size() == 5){
    								System.out.println("已经发出通知..");
    								countDownLatch.countDown();
    								//lock.notify();
    							}
    						}						
    					//}
    				} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    
    			}
    		}, "t1");
    		
    		Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() {
    			public void run() {
    				//synchronized (lock) {
    					if(list2.size() != 5){
    						try {
    							//System.out.println("t2进入...");
    							//lock.wait();
    							countDownLatch.await();
    						} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    							e.printStackTrace();
    						}
    					}
    					System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到通知线程停止..");
    					throw new RuntimeException();
    				}
    			//}
    		}, "t2");	
    		t2.start();
    		t1.start();	
    	}
    }
    

     运行结果:

    demo3总结:通过countDownLatch的awit()与countDown()方法(类似wait与notify)实现了线程间的实时通信,使用起来更灵活;

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/cowboys/p/7717372.html
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