线程之间需要一些协调通信,来共同完成一件任务。Java多线程中,线程之间通信最常用的两个方法是wait()与notify()
使用wait()与notify()实现线程间的通信,需注意:
①wait()与notify()必须配合synochnized关键字使用
②wait()会释放锁,notify()不会释放锁
1.不使用notify()与wait()实现通信:
参照demo1
public class TestWaitNotify { private volatile static List list = new ArrayList(); public void add(){ list.add("bjsxt"); } public int size(){ return list.size(); } public static void main(String[] args) { final TestWaitNotify list1 = new TestWaitNotify(); Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){ list1.add(); System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素.."); Thread.sleep(500); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "t1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { while(true){ if(list1.size() == 5){ System.out.println("当前线程收到通知:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " list size = 5 线程停止.."); throw new RuntimeException(); } } } }, "t2"); t1.start(); t2.start(); } }
运行结果:
demo1总结:该方式确实实现了线程间的通信,但是用法比较传统,使用不够灵活;
2.使用wait()与notify()方法实现线程间通信
代码参照demo2:
public class TestWaitNotify2 { private volatile static List list = new ArrayList(); public void add(){ list.add("bjsxt"); } public int size(){ return list.size(); } public static void main(String[] args) { final TestWaitNotify2 list2 = new TestWaitNotify2(); // 1 实例化出来一个 lock // 当使用wait 和 notify 的时候 , 一定要配合着synchronized关键字去使用 final Object lock = new Object(); Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { synchronized (lock) { for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){ list2.add(); System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素.."); Thread.sleep(500); if(list2.size() == 5){ System.out.println("已经发出通知.."); lock.notify(); } } } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "t1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { synchronized (lock) { if(list2.size() != 5){ try { //System.out.println("t2进入..."); lock.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到通知线程停止.."); throw new RuntimeException(); } } }, "t2"); t2.start(); t1.start(); } }
运行结果:
demo2总结:
通过wait()与notify()虽然实现了线程间通信,但是不能实现实时通信,因为wait()方法释放锁,可是notify()不释放锁,只有等t1线程执行完了,t2线程才能拿到锁执行;
3.通过countDownLatch实现线程间实时通信
demo3代码如下:
public class TestWaitNotify2 { private volatile static List list = new ArrayList(); public void add(){ list.add("bjsxt"); } public int size(){ return list.size(); } public static void main(String[] args) { final TestWaitNotify2 list2 = new TestWaitNotify2(); // 1 实例化出来一个 lock // 当使用wait 和 notify 的时候 , 一定要配合着synchronized关键字去使用 //final Object lock = new Object(); final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); Thread t1 = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { try { //synchronized (lock) { for(int i = 0; i <10; i++){ list2.add(); System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "添加了一个元素.."); Thread.sleep(500); if(list2.size() == 5){ System.out.println("已经发出通知.."); countDownLatch.countDown(); //lock.notify(); } } //} } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }, "t1"); Thread t2 = new Thread(new Runnable() { public void run() { //synchronized (lock) { if(list2.size() != 5){ try { //System.out.println("t2进入..."); //lock.wait(); countDownLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println("当前线程:" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "收到通知线程停止.."); throw new RuntimeException(); } //} }, "t2"); t2.start(); t1.start(); } }
运行结果:
demo3总结:通过countDownLatch的awit()与countDown()方法(类似wait与notify)实现了线程间的实时通信,使用起来更灵活;