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  • Python模块学习

    psutil模块介绍

      psutil是一个开源切跨平台的库,其提供了便利的函数用来获取才做系统的信息,比如CPU,内存,磁盘,网络等。此外,psutil还可以用来进行进程管理,包括判断进程是否存在、获取进程列表、获取进程详细信息等。而且psutil还提供了许多命令行工具提供的功能,包括:ps,top,lsof,netstat,ifconfig, who,df,kill,free,nice,ionice,iostat,iotop,uptime,pidof,tty,taskset,pmap。

      psutil是一个跨平台的库,在官方网站上查到其支持如下操作系统。

    - Linux
    - Windows
    - OSX
    - FreeBSD
    - OpenBSD
    - NetBSD
    - Sun Solaris
    - AIX

    Works with Python versions from 2.6 to 3.X.

    安装psutil模块

      psutil是一个第三方的开源项目,因此需要安装才能使用。这里利用pip命令进行安装

    pip3 install psutil
    

       psutil包含了异常、类、功能函数和常量,其中功能函数用来获取系统的信息,如CPU、磁盘、内存、网络等。类用来实现进程的管理功能。

    功能函数

      根据函数的功能,这里主要分为以下几类,下面将会从几个维度来说明psutil提供的功能函数。

    CPU相关

      cpu_count(,[logical]):默认返回逻辑CPU的个数,当设置logical的参数为False时,返回物理CPU的个数。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.cpu_count()
    8
    >>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
    4

      cpu_percent(,[percpu],[interval]):返回CPU的利用率,percpu为True时显示所有物理核心的利用率,interval不为0时,则阻塞时显示interval执行的时间内的平均利用率

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.cpu_percent()
    6.7
    >>> psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True)
    [17.7, 0.9, 11.0, 1.0, 11.1, 0.9, 10.7, 0.9]
    >>> psutil.cpu_percent(percpu=True,interval=2)
    [16.0, 0.0, 8.5, 1.0, 14.4, 0.5, 9.5, 1.0]

      cpu_time(,[percpu]):以命名元组(namedtuple)的形式返回cpu的时间花费,percpu表示获取每个CPU的时间花费

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.cpu_times()
    scputimes(user=5471.2, nice=0.0, system=5633.92, idle=1295903.87, iowait=2651.2, irq=16.44, softirq=137.87, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)
    >>> psutil.cpu_times(percpu=True)
    [scputimes(user=2803.53, nice=0.0, system=2824.3, idle=648996.02, iowait=153.71, irq=16.26, softirq=64.71, steal=0.0, guest=0.0), 
    scputimes(user=2667.74, nice=0.0, system=2809.74, idle=646935.11, iowait=2497.58, irq=0.18, softirq=73.15, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)]
    1 >>> cpu_time = psutil.cpu_times()
    2 >>> cpu_time.user      
    3 5471.57
    4 >>> 
    5 # 直接使用.元素的名称就可以获取对应的值
    命名元组获取信息的简便方法

      cpu_times_percent(,[percpu]):功能和cpu_times大致相同,看字面意思就能知道,该函数返回的是耗时比例。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.cpu_times_percent()
    scputimes(user=0.3, nice=0.0, system=0.4, idle=99.0, iowait=0.3, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)
    >>> psutil.cpu_times_percent(percpu=True)
    [scputimes(user=0.3, nice=0.0, system=0.4, idle=99.3, iowait=0.0, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0),
    scputimes(user=0.3, nice=0.0, system=0.4, idle=98.7, iowait=0.6, irq=0.0, softirq=0.0, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)]

      cpu_stats():以命名元组的形式返回CPU的统计信息,包括上下文切换,中断,软中断和系统调用次数。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.cpu_stats()
    scpustats(ctx_switches=393538808, interrupts=194683724, soft_interrupts=151546977, syscalls=0)
    

     Memory相关

      virtual_memory():以命名元组的形式返回内存使用情况,包括总内存,可用内存,内存利用率,buffer和cache等。单位为字节。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.virtual_memory()
    svmem(total=1964584960, available=1375827968, percent=30.0, used=432644096,
    free=600588288, active=710012928, inactive=484106240, buffers=238247936,
    cached=693104640, shared=716800)
     1 >>> import psutil
     2 >>> def bytes2human(n):
     3 ...      symbols = ('K','M','G','T','P','E','Z','Y')
     4 ...      prefix = {}
     5 ...      for i,s in enumerate(symbols):
     6 ...          prefix[s] = 1 << (i + 1) * 10
     7 ...      for s in reversed(symbols):
     8 ...          if n >= prefix[s]:
     9 ...              value = float(n) / prefix[s]
    10 ...              return '%.1f%s' % (value,s)
    11 ...      return '%sB' % n
    12 ... 
    13 >>> bytes2human(psutil.virtual_memory().total)
    14 '1.8G'
    15 >>> 
    单位转换

      swap_memory():以命名元组的形式返回swap memory使用情况,包含swap 中页的换入和换出。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.swap_memory()
    sswap(total=2113925120, used=12206080, free=2101719040, percent=0.6, 
    sin=29061120, sout=87228416)
    

    Disk相关

      disk_partitions([all=False]):以命名元组的形式返回所有已挂载的磁盘,包含磁盘名称,挂载点,文件系统类型等信息。当all等于True时,返回包含/proc等特殊文件系统的挂载信息

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.disk_partitions()
    [sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw'), 
    sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='ext4', opts='rw'), 
    sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home', mountpoint='/home', fstype='ext4', opts='rw')]
    
    # 查询指定挂载点的信息
    >>> [ device for device in psutil.disk_partitions() if device.mountpoint == '/' ]
    [sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw')]
    

      disk_usage(path):以命名元组的形式返回path所在磁盘的使用情况,包括磁盘的容量、已经使用的磁盘容量、磁盘的空间利用率等。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.disk_usage('/')
    sdiskusage(total=32105152512, used=11395198976, free=19072290816, percent=37.4)
    

      disk_io_counters([perdisk]):以命名元组的形式返回磁盘io统计信息(汇总的),包括读、写的次数,读、写的字节数等。当perdisk的值为True,则分别列出单个磁盘的统计信息(字典:key为磁盘名称,value为统计的namedtuple)。

     import psutil
    >>> psutil.disk_io_counters()
    sdiskio(read_count=356568, write_count=12058367, read_bytes=12599494656, 
    write_bytes=92961665024, read_time=260945, write_time=40815092,
    read_merged_count=32656, write_merged_count=6334256, busy_time=4421438)
    >>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
    {'sda1': sdiskio(read_count=737, write_count=129, read_bytes=7100416, 
    write_bytes=5615616, read_time=61, write_time=578, read_merged_count=496,
    write_merged_count=5349, busy_time=257), 'sda2': sdiskio(read_count=161575, 
    write_count=2825934, read_bytes=6296442880, write_bytes=46478901248, 
    read_time=113557, write_time=1580954, read_merged_count=32160,
    write_merged_count=6328960, busy_time=1026283), 
    'dm-0': sdiskio(read_count=111371, write_count=4944247, read_bytes=2401461248,
    write_bytes=28988342272, read_time=117846, write_time=25992150, read_merged_count=0,
    write_merged_count=0, busy_time=2924323), 'dm-1': sdiskio(read_count=7482,
    write_count=21296, read_bytes=30646272, write_bytes=87228416, read_time=8656,
    write_time=55930, read_merged_count=0, write_merged_count=0, busy_time=1326), 
    'dm-2': sdiskio(read_count=75407, write_count=4267078, read_bytes=3863860224,
    write_bytes=17403330560, read_time=20849, write_time=13185771, read_merged_count=0, 
    write_merged_count=0, busy_time=469527)}
    

    Network相关

      net_io_counter([pernic]):以命名元组的形式返回当前系统中每块网卡的网络io统计信息,包括收发字节数,收发包的数量、出错的情况和删包情况。当pernic为True时,则列出所有网卡的统计信息。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.net_io_counters()
    snetio(bytes_sent=428286398, bytes_recv=542982044, packets_sent=3768555,
    packets_recv=4169425, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
    >>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
    {'lo': snetio(bytes_sent=339700487, bytes_recv=339700487, packets_sent=3363412,
    packets_recv=3363412, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'eth0': 
    snetio(bytes_sent=88616264, bytes_recv=203314200, packets_sent=405585, 
    packets_recv=806516, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'virbr0': snetio(bytes_sent=0, 
    bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 
    'virbr0-nic': snetio(bytes_sent=0, bytes_recv=0, packets_sent=0, packets_recv=0, errin=0,
    errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}
    

      net_connections([kind]):以列表的形式返回每个网络连接的详细信息(namedtuple)。命名元组包含fd, family, type, laddr, raddr, status, pid等信息。kind表示过滤的连接类型,支持的值如下:(默认为inet)

        - inet:IPv4 and IPv6
        - inet4:IPv4
        - inet6:IPv6
        - tcp:TCP
        - tcp4:TCP over IPv4
        - tcp6:TCP over IPv6
        - udp:UDP
        - udp4:UDP over IPv4
        - udp6:UDP over IPv6
        - unix:UNIX socket (both UDP and TCP protocols)
        - all:the sum of all the possible families and protocols

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.net_connections()
    [sconn(fd=6, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>,
    laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=8080), raddr=(), status='LISTEN', pid=21834), 
    sconn(fd=3, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, 
    laddr=addr(ip='0.0.0.0', port=22), raddr=(), status='LISTEN', pid=8971), 
    sconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketKind.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, 
    laddr=addr(ip='127.0.0.1', port=10050), raddr=addr(ip='127.0.0.1', port=46710),
    status='TIME_WAIT', pid=None),
    

      net_if_addrs():以字典的形式返回网卡的配置信息,包括IP地址和mac地址、子网掩码和广播地址。

    >>> psutil.net_if_addrs()
    {'lo': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='127.0.0.1', netmask='255.0.0.0', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
    snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='::1', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff', broadcast=None, ptp=None), 
    snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:00:00:00:00:00', netmask=None, broadcast=None, ptp=None)], 
    'eth0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='10.0.0.3', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='10.0.0.255', ptp=None), 
    snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address='fe80::21c:42ff:fe52:ae47%eth0', netmask='ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::', broadcast=None, ptp=None), 
    snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='00:1c:42:52:ae:47', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)], 
    'virbr0': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address='192.168.122.1', netmask='255.255.255.0', broadcast='192.168.122.255', ptp=None), 
    snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='52:54:00:04:87:ce', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)], 
    'virbr0-nic': [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_PACKET: 17>, address='52:54:00:04:87:ce', netmask=None, broadcast='ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff', ptp=None)]}
    

      net_if_stats():返回网卡的详细信息,包括是否启动、通信类型、传输速度与mtu。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.net_if_stats()
    {'lo': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=65536), 
    'eth0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 
    'virbr0': snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500), 
    'virbr0-nic': snicstats(isup=False, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_FULL: 2>, speed=10, mtu=1500)}
    >>> 
    

    Other

      users():以命名元组的方式返回当前登陆用户的信息,包括用户名,登陆时间,终端,与主机信息

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.users()
    [suser(name='root', terminal='tty1', host='', started=1513498496.0, pid=9327),
    suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='10.0.0.2', started=1515335808.0, pid=30838),
    suser(name='root', terminal='pts/2', host='10.0.0.2', started=1515324032.0, pid=21939)]
    
    # start 表示登陆的时间(时间戳格式)
    

      boot_time():以时间戳的形式返回系统的启动时间

    >>> import psutil
    >>> psutil.boot_time()
    1514678349.0 
    1 >>> import datetime
    2 >>> import psutil
    3 >>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time ()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H: %M: %S")
    转换为人类可读时间

    psutil进程管理

    psutil还提供了作为进程管理的功能函数,包括获取进程列表,判断是否存在。

      Process类:对进程进行封装,可以使用该类的方法获取进行的详细信息,或者给进程发送信号。

    >>> import psutil
    >>> init_process = psutil.Process(1)
    >>> init_process
    psutil.Process(pid=1, name='launchd', started='20:41:22')    # 进程id、名称、启动时间
    

    Process类提供了很多其他用来获取进程相关信息的方法

    • name:获取进程的名称
    • cmdline:获取启动进程的命令行参数
    • create_time:获取进程的创建时间(时间戳格式)
    • num_fds:进程打开的文件个数
    • num_threads:进程的子进程个数
    • is_running:判断进程是否正在运行
    • send_signal:给进程发送信号,类似与os.kill等
    • kill:发送SIGKILL信号结束进程
    • terminate:发送SIGTEAM信号结束进程
    >>> import psutil
    >>> process = psutil.Process(3297)
    >>> process.name()
    'Google Chrome Helper'
    >>> process.create_time()
    1519832141.532822
    >>> process.num_fds()
    22
    >>> process.num_threads()
    19

      pids:以列表的形式返回当前正在运行的进程

      pid_exists:判断给点定的pid是否存在

      process_iter:迭代当前正在运行的进程,返回的是每个进程的Process对象

    >>> psutil.pids()
    [3373, 3372, 3365, 3364, 3363, 3361, 3360, 3358, 3355, 3351, 3335, 3301, 3299, 3297, 3291, 3290, 3289, 3279, 3278, 3274, 3251, 3248, 3247, 3246, 3244, 3242, 3241, 3225, 3209, 3198, 3194, 3193, 3101, 2828, 2816, 2805, 2802, 2799, 2797, 2767, 2497, 2441, 2437, 2343, 2333, 2330, 2287, 2283, 2258, 2257, 2251, 2248, 2247, 2246, 2245, 2241, 2240, 2238, 2231, 2225]
    >>> psutil.pid_exists(12)
    False
    >>> list(psutil.process_iter())[:5]
    [psutil.Process(pid=0, name='kernel_task', started='20:41:22'), psutil.Process(pid=1, name='launchd', started='20:41:22'), psutil.Process(pid=48, name='UserEventAgent', started='20:41:27'), psutil.Process(pid=50, name='uninstalld', started='20:41:27'), psutil.Process(pid=51, name='kextd', started='20:41:27')]    # 每个都是一个Process对象
    >>>  
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dachenzi/p/8232534.html
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