1、自动属性初始化的改进(有用)
原来的用法(声明时无法同时初始化),例如:
class MyClass { public int Age { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public MyClass() { Age = 20; Name = "张三"; } }
新用法(声明时可同时初始化,更方便了),例如:
class MyClass { public int Age { get; set; } = 20; public string Name { get; set; } = "张三"; }
2、String.Format的改进(有用)
原来的用法:用string.Format(…)实现,例如:
class MyClass { public void MyMethod() { string name = "张三"; int age = 20; string s1 = string.Format("{0},{1}", name, age); string s2 = string.Format("姓名={0},年龄={1}", name, age); string s3 = string.Format("{0,15},{1:d3}", name, age); string s4 = string.Format("{0,15},{1,10:d3}", name, age); Console.WriteLine("{0},{1},{2},{3}", s1, s2, s3 ,s4); string s5 = string.Format("{0:yyyy-MM-dd}", DateTime.Now); } }
新用法:用“$”前缀实现(变量直接写到大括号内,而且带智能提示,更方便了),例如:
class MyClass { public void MyMethod() { string name = "张三"; int age = 20; string s1 = $"{name},{age}"; string s2 = $"姓名={name},年龄={age}"; string s3 = $"{name,15},{age:d3}"; string s4 = $"{name,15},{age,10:d3}"; Console.WriteLine($"{s1},{s2},{s3},{s4}"); string s5 = $"{DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd}"; } }
3、字典的初始化
原来的用法:
class MyClass { public void MyMethod() { Dictionary<string, int> student = new Dictionary<string, int>(); student.Add("a1", 15); student.Add("a2", 14); student.Add("a3", 16); } }
新用法(可以直接写初始化的值,更方便了):
class MyClass { public void MyMethod() { Dictionary<string, int> student = new Dictionary<string, int>() { ["a1"] = 15, ["a2"] = 14, ["a3"] = 16 }; } }
4、可以用static声明静态类的引用
原来的用法:
using System; namespace MyApp { class Demo1New { public static double MyMethod(double x, double angle) { return Math.Sin(x) + Math.Cos(angle); } } }
新用法(表达式比较复杂的时候有用,代码更简洁了):
using static System.Math; namespace MyApp { class Demo1New { public static double MyMethod(double x, double angle) { return Sin(x) + Cos(angle); } } }
5、nameof表达式
假定WPF应用程序中有下面的类:
public class MyClass { public string MyText { get; set; } = "aaa"; }
并假定有下面的XAML代码:
<StackPanel>
<TextBlock Name="txt1"/>
……
</StackPanel>
代码隐藏类中原来的用法:
txt1.SetBinding(TextBlock.TextProperty, "MyText");
现在的用法(因为有错误检查智能提示,用起来更方便了):
txt1.SetBinding(TextBlock.TextProperty, nameof(MyClass.MyText));
6、Null-条件表达式
(有用)
var ss = new string[] { "Foo", null }; var length0 = ss [0]?.Length; // 结果为3 var length1 = ss [1]?.Length; // 结果为null var lengths = ss.Select (s => s?.Length ?? 0); //结果为[3, 0]
7、在try-catch-finally中使用await
异步编程中,原来在catch或者finally中无法使用await,现在可以了:
async void SomeMethod() { try { //...etc... } catch (Exception x) { var diagnosticData = await GenerateDiagnosticsAsync (x); Logger.log (diagnosticData); } finally { await someObject.FinalizeAsync(); } }