iptables常用指令
作者：elfin 参考资料来源：iptables指令、老男孩
关于iptables的介绍可以参考资料来源的视频介绍。
1、查看版本与帮助信息
$ iptables -V # 查看版本信息
iptables v1.6.1
$ iptables -h # 查看帮助信息
iptables v1.6.1
Usage: iptables -[ACD] chain rule-specification [options]
iptables -I chain [rulenum] rule-specification [options]
iptables -R chain rulenum rule-specification [options]
iptables -D chain rulenum [options]
iptables -[LS] [chain [rulenum]] [options]
iptables -[FZ] [chain] [options]
iptables -[NX] chain
iptables -E old-chain-name new-chain-name
iptables -P chain target [options]
iptables -h (print this help information)
Commands:
Either long or short options are allowed.
--append -A chain Append to chain
--check -C chain Check for the existence of a rule
--delete -D chain Delete matching rule from chain
--delete -D chain rulenum
Delete rule rulenum (1 = first) from chain
--insert -I chain [rulenum]
Insert in chain as rulenum (default 1=first)
--replace -R chain rulenum
Replace rule rulenum (1 = first) in chain
--list -L [chain [rulenum]]
List the rules in a chain or all chains
--list-rules -S [chain [rulenum]]
Print the rules in a chain or all chains
--flush -F [chain] 删除所有链的规则(默认的会保留)
--zero -Z [chain [rulenum]]
链的计数器清零
--new -N chain 自定义链
--delete-chain
-X [chain] 删除自定义的链
--policy -P chain target
Change policy on chain to target
--rename-chain
-E old-chain new-chain
Change chain name, (moving any references)
Options:
--ipv4 -4 Nothing (line is ignored by ip6tables-restore)
--ipv6 -6 Error (line is ignored by iptables-restore)
[!] --protocol -p proto protocol: by number or name, eg. `tcp'
[!] --source -s address[/mask][...]
source specification
[!] --destination -d address[/mask][...]
destination specification
[!] --in-interface -i input name[+]
network interface name ([+] for wildcard)
--jump -j target
target for rule (may load target extension)
基本的处理行为：ACCEPT(接受)、DROP(丢弃)、REJECT(拒绝)
--goto -g chain
jump to chain with no return
--match -m match
extended match (may load extension)
--numeric -n numeric output of addresses and ports
[!] --out-interface -o output name[+]
network interface name ([+] for wildcard)
--table -t table table to manipulate (default: `filter')
--verbose -v verbose mode
--wait -w [seconds] maximum wait to acquire xtables lock before give up
--wait-interval -W [usecs] wait time to try to acquire xtables lock
default is 1 second
--line-numbers print line numbers when listing
--exact -x expand numbers (display exact values)
[!] --fragment -f match second or further fragments only
--modprobe=<command> try to insert modules using this command
--set-counters PKTS BYTES set the counter during insert/append
[!] --version -V print package version.
2、iptables查看表
$ sudo iptables --list
这个命令和我们常见的sudo iptables -L是等价的，就是以列表显示表格，注意这里默认 显示的是filter表格。在帮助信息的Commands字段下，有很多这种全拼与简写的对应。
实际上在使用的时候我们常常使用-L -n这样显示的会更易读：
$ sudo iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)
target prot opt source destination
DOCKER-USER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED
DOCKER all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
ACCEPT all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
Chain DOCKER (4 references)
target prot opt source destination
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 172.18.0.2 tcp dpt:50059
……
ACCEPT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 172.18.0.5 tcp dpt:22
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
RETURN all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 (2 references)
target prot opt source destination
DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
DROP all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
RETURN all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
Chain DOCKER-USER (1 references)
target prot opt source destination
RETURN all -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0
如上，INPUT、FORWARD、OUTPUT三个链是没有配置的，这里关于DOCKER的链是docker启动容器默认配置的。(注，加-n会显示IP地址)
3、添加规则
$ sudo iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 10010 -j DROP
$ sudo iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
DROP tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:10010
给filter的INPUT表加一条禁止10010的规则，从返回信息的片段可以看出10010端口被禁用了！
使用-I进行添加会添加在链的开头(第一条)，封ip要使用-I，因为规则是从上到下 验证！你也可以在INPUT后接一个索引数字，指定插入到第几条规则。
4、清除某条规则
$ sudo iptables -t filter -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 10010 -j DROP
$ sudo iptables -L -n
Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)
target prot opt source destination
这里我们直接使用-D进行删除。
完！