最近在项目上需要批量把txt文件转成成csv文件格式,以前是手动打开excel文件,然后导入txt来生产csv文件,由于这已经变成每周需要做的事情,决定用python自动化脚本来实现,思路:
- 读取文件夹中所有txt文件,保存到list中
- 针对每个txt文件,自动生产同文件名的csv文件
- 对每个txt文件,根据分隔符来保存为csv文件,分隔符为分号“;”,在转换之前先把文件编码统一成'utf-8',因为在实现过程中,发现总会有编码报错问题出现
- 新建txt文件夹来存放所有txt文件
完整代码如下:
import csv import os import shutil from chardet.universaldetector import UniversalDetector def get_encode_info(file): with open(file, 'rb') as f: detector = UniversalDetector() for line in f.readlines(): detector.feed(line) if detector.done: break detector.close() return detector.result['encoding'] def read_file(file): with open(file, 'rb') as f: return f.read() def write_file(content, file): with open(file, 'wb') as f: f.write(content) def convert_encode2utf8(file, original_encode, des_encode): file_content = read_file(file) file_decode = file_content.decode(original_encode,'ignore') file_encode = file_decode.encode(des_encode) write_file(file_encode, file) ## Move *.txt to a folder def move2txtfolder(path, txt_file_list): txt_folder_path = path + '\txt' if not os.path.exists(txt_folder_path): os.makedirs(txt_folder_path) for file in txt_file_list: des_path = os.path.join(txt_folder_path, os.path.basename(file)) shutil.move(file, des_path) ##在路径中找出所有的*.txt文件 def findtxt(path, txt_file_list): file_name_list = os.listdir(path) for filename in file_name_list: de_path = os.path.join(path, filename) if os.path.isfile(de_path): if de_path.endswith(".txt"): # Specify to find the txt file. txt_file_list.append(de_path) else: findtxt(de_path, txt_file_list) def txt2csv(txt_file): ##先把所有文件的encoding都转换成utf-8 encode_info = get_encode_info(txt_file) if encode_info != 'utf-8': convert_encode2utf8(txt_file, encode_info, 'utf-8') csv_file = os.path.splitext(txt_file)[0] + '.csv' with open(csv_file, 'w+', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile: writer = csv.writer(csvfile, dialect='excel') with open(txt_file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as txtfile: for line in txtfile.readlines(): line_list = line.strip(' ').split(';') writer.writerow(line_list) if __name__ == '__main__': folder_path = r'C:Details' # ##如果文件夹中还有子文件夹,请用findtxt函数 # txt_file_list = [] # findtxt(folder_path, txt_file_list) ##如果文件夹中没有子文件夹的时候直接使用推导式来生产txt文件的list txt_file_list = [os.path.join(folder_path, file) for file in os.listdir(folder_path) if os.path.join(folder_path, file).endswith('.txt')] for txt_file in txt_file_list: txt2csv(txt_file) move2txtfolder(folder_path, txt_file_list)