Linux6（5）安装Oracle Rac11g

1、创建用户组。以root身份运行以下命令：
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 507 asmoper

2、创建oracle软件的拥有着账户：
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
passwd oracle
passwd grid

grid用户环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/11.2.0/grid
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP

oracle用户环境变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_SID=tmsdb1
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:/usr/sbin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=tmsdb

3、vi /etc/hosts
10.230.39.234 tmsdb1
10.230.39.235 tmsdb2
10.230.39.236 tmsdb1-vip
10.230.39.237 tmsdb2-vip
10.230.39.238 tmsdbscan.role.db
192.168.39.234 tmsdb1-priv
192.168.39.235 tmsdb2-priv

4、时间同步
08 01 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 10.109.192.10
08 13 * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 10.109.192.33

或者
配置集群时间同步服务 — (CTSS)
使用集群时间同步服务在集群中提供同步服务，需要卸载网络时间协议 (NTP) 及其配置。
要停用 NTP 服务，必须停止当前的 ntpd 服务，从初始化序列中禁用该服务，并删除 ntp.conf 文件。要在 Oracle Enterprise Linux 上完成这些步骤，以 root 用户身份在两个 Oracle RAC 节点上运行以下命令：
/sbin/service ntpd stop
chkconfig ntpd off
mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.original

还要删除以下文件：
rm /var/run/ntpd.pid
此文件保存了 NTP 后台程序的 pid。

当安装程序发现 NTP 协议处于非活动状态时，安装集群时间同步服务将以活动模式自动进行安装并通过所有节点的时间。如果发现配置了 NTP，则以观察者模式启动集群时间同步服务，Oracle Clusterware 不会在集群中进行活动的时间同步。

在安装后，要确认 ctssd 处于活动状态，请作为网格安装所有者 (grid) 输入以下命令：
crsctl check ctss
CRS-4701: The Cluster Time Synchronization Service is in Active mode.
CRS-4702: Offset (in msec): 0

5、vi /etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6553600
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

6、/sbin/sysctl -p

7、vi /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536

8、vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so

9、vi /etc/profile
文件中加入如下内容
if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] || [ /$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi

对于 C shell（csh 或 tcsh），通过运行以下命令将以下行添加到 /etc/csh.login 文件：
if ( /$USER == "oracle" || /$USER == "grid" ) then
limit maxproc 16384
limit descriptors 65536
endif

10、以root身份执行以下命令创建oracle inventory目录：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
11、创建oracle grid infrastructure的home目录
mkdir -p /u01/11.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01/11.2.0/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/grid

12、以root身份执行以下命令创建oracle base目录：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle

13、以root身份执行以下命令创建oracle RDBMS的home目录：
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

14、RHEL 5.X 及 RHEL 6.X 安装oracle 11.2.0.3 软件包检查命令：

rpm -q --qf '%{NAME}-%{VERSION}-%{RELEASE} (%{ARCH}) ' binutils
compat-libstdc++-33
elfutils-libelf
elfutils-libelf-devel
gcc
gcc-c++
glibc
glibc-common
glibc-devel
glibc-headers
ksh
libaio
libaio-devel
libgcc
libstdc++
libstdc++-devel
make
sysstat
unixODBC
unixODBC-devel

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存储配置(udev方式)
# echo "options=--whitelisted --replace-whitespace" >> /etc/scsi_id.config
# for i in b c d e f g; do echo "KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="`/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/sd$i`", NAME="asm-disk$i", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules; done

# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf680001100005f20000", NAME="asm-diskcrs", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf680001100005e50000", NAME="asm-disk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf680001100005e90000", NAME="asm-disk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf680001100006250000", NAME="asm-disk3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf680001100006290000", NAME="asm-disk4", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf6800011000062d0000", NAME="asm-disk5", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace --device=/dev/$name", RESULT=="36001438005decf680001100006310000", NAME="asm-disk6", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

scp 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules node2:/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules

#
# /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
Starting udev:
[root@vrh6 dev]# /sbin/start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]

# ll /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 66, 192 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 66, 208 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 66, 224 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 66, 240 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-disk4
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 67, 0 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-disk5
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 67, 16 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-disk6
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 66, 176 May 3 02:51 /dev/asm-diskcrs

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1、VNC的启动/停止/重启
#service vncserver start/stop/restart
关闭具体的vncserver命令:vncserver -kill :1 vncserver -kill :2

2、设置密码
#vncpasswd

3、客户端登陆
在vnc客户端中输入：服务器端IP：1或服务器端IP：2

---------------------------------------------------------------

mkdir -p /u01/stage/gipsu

unzip -d /u01/11.2.0/grid p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip

3. 解压GI PSU 到创建的目录中去。
# unzip -d /u01/stage/gipsu p20485808_112040_Linux-x86-64.zip

4. 以GI软件拥有者的身份使用Opatch napply工具应用GI PSU到新安装的11.2.0.2.2 GI Home中去。
# /u01/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch napply -oh /u01/11.2.0/grid -local /u01/stage/gipsu/20485808

orcle用户
unzip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 p6880880_112000_Linux-x86-64.zip

cd /u01/stage/orpsu/20299013/

opatch apply

opatch lsinventory

[root@hajydb1 stage]# su - oracle
[oracle@hajydb1 ~]$ opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.2.0.3.6
Copyright (c) 2013, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Central Inventory : /u01/app/oraInventory
from : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 11.2.0.3.6
OUI version : 11.2.0.4.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2015-05-03_02-55-16AM_1.log

Lsinventory Output file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2015-05-03_02-55-16AM.txt

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (1):

Oracle Database 11g 11.2.0.4.0
There are 1 product(s) installed in this Oracle Home.

Interim patches (1) :

Patch 20299013 : applied on Sun May 03 02:06:23 CST 2015
Unique Patch ID: 18573940
Patch description: "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.6 (20299013)"
Created on 4 Mar 2015, 02:27:44 hrs PST8PDT
Sub-patch 19769489; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.5 (19769489)"
Sub-patch 19121551; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.4 (19121551)"
Sub-patch 18522509; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.3 (18522509)"
Sub-patch 18031668; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.2 (18031668)"
Sub-patch 17478514; "Database Patch Set Update : 11.2.0.4.1 (17478514)"
Bugs fixed:
17288409, 17798953, 18273830, 18607546, 17811429, 17205719, 20506699
..................................................................
18674047, 17672719, 18856999, 12364061, 18783224, 17851160, 17546761
Rac system comprising of multiple nodes
Local node = hajydb1
Remote node = hajydb2

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OPatch succeeded.

若执行root.sh后 这样OPATCH

/u01/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/ocm/bin/emocmrsp
/u01/11.2.0/grid/OPatch/opatch auto /u01/stage/gipsu/20485808 -oh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 -ocmrf ocm.rsp

TNSMANES：

idb1=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=IP)(PORT=21521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=idb)))

idb2=(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=IP)(PORT=21521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SERVER=DEDICATED)(SERVICE_NAME=idb)))