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  • linux(centos)上配置nginx、mysql、php-fpm、redis开机启动<转>

    原文 http://levi.cg.am/archives/2925

    I、nginx开机启动

    1. 在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本
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      vi  /etc/init.d/nginx
    2. 更改脚本权限
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      chmod 775 /etc/init.d/nginx
    3. 编写脚本内容
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      #!/bin/bash
      # nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
      # it is v.0.0.2 version.
      # chkconfig: - 85 15
      # description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
      #              It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
      # processname: nginx
      # pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
      # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
      nginxd=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
      nginx_config=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
      nginx_pid=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
      RETVAL=0
      prog="nginx"
      # Source function library.
      .  /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
      # Source networking configuration.
      .  /etc/sysconfig/network
      # Check that networking is up.
      [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
      [ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
      # Start nginx daemons functions.
      start() {
      if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
         echo "nginx already running...."
         exit 1
      fi
         echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
         daemon $nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
         RETVAL=$?
         echo
         [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && touch /var/lock/subsys/nginx
         return $RETVAL
      }
      # Stop nginx daemons functions.
      stop() {
              echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
              killproc $nginxd
              RETVAL=$?
              echo
              [ $RETVAL = 0 ] && rm -f /var/lock/subsys/nginx /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
      }
       
      reload() {
          echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
          #kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
          killproc $nginxd -HUP
          RETVAL=$?
          echo
      }
      # See how we were called.
      case "$1" in
      start)
              start
              ;;
      stop)
              stop
              ;;
      reload)
              reload
              ;;
      restart)
              stop
              start
              ;;
      status)
              status $prog
              RETVAL=$?
              ;;
      *)
              echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
              exit 1
      esac
      exit $RETVAL
    4. 设置开机启动
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      chkconfig nginxd on

    II、设置mysql开机启动

    1. 将mysql安装目录下 support-files目录下的mysql.server文件拷贝到/etc/init.d/目录下并改名为mysqld，并更改权限
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      chmod 775 /etc/init.d/mysqld
    2. 设置开机启动
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      chkconfig mysqld on

    III、php-fpm开机启动

    1. 在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本
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      vi /etc/init.d/php-fpm
    2. 更改脚本权限
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      chmod 775 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
    3. 编写脚本内容
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      #!/bin/sh
      #
      # php-fpm - this script starts and stops the php-fpm daemin
      #
      # chkconfig: - 85 15
      # processname: php-fpm
      # config:      /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
       
      set -e
       
      PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
      DESC="php-fpm daemon"
      NAME=php-fpm
      DAEMON=/usr/local/php/sbin/$NAME     //这里设成自己的目录
      CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf   //这里设成自己的目录
      PIDFILE=/usr/local/php/var/run/$NAME.pid   //这里设成自己的目录
      SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME   //这里设成自己的目录
       
      # If the daemon file is not found, terminate the script.
      test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
       
      d_start(){
          $DAEMON -y $CONFIGFILE || echo -n " already running"
      }
       
      d_stop(){
          kill -QUIT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " no running"
      }
       
      d_reload(){
          kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n " could not reload"
      }
       
      case "$1" in
          start)
              echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME"
              d_start
              echo "."
              ;;
          stop)
              echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME"
              d_stop
              echo "."
              ;;
          reload)
              echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..."
              d_reload
              echo "Reloaded."
              ;;
          restart)
              echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME"
              d_stop
              # Sleep for two seconds before starting again, this should give the nginx daemon some time to perform a graceful stop
              sleep 2
              d_start
              echo "."
              ;;
          *)
              echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|restart|force-reload)" >&2
              exit 3
              ;;
      esac
      exit 0
    4. 设置开机启动
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      chkconfig php-fpm on

    Ⅳ、设置redis开机启动

    1. 在/etc/init.d/目录下创建脚本
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      vi /etc/init.d/redis
    2. 更改脚本权限
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      chmod 775 /etc/init.d/redis
    3. 编写脚本内容
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      ###########################
      PATH=/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/bin
       
      REDISPORT=6379
      EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server
      REDIS_CLI=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli
       
      PIDFILE=/var/run/redis.pid
      CONF="/etc/redis.conf"
       
      case "$1" in
          start)
              if [ -f $PIDFILE ]
              then
                      echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"
              else
                      echo "Starting Redis server..."
                      $EXEC $CONF
              fi
              if [ "$?"="0" ]
              then
                    echo "Redis is running..."
              fi
              ;;
          stop)
              if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]
              then
                      echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"
              else
                      PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)
                      echo "Stopping ..."
                      $REDIS_CLI -p $REDISPORT SHUTDOWN
                      while [ -x ${PIDFILE} ]
                     do
                          echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."
                          sleep 1
                      done
                      echo "Redis stopped"
              fi
              ;;
         restart|force-reload)
              ${0} stop
              ${0} start
              ;;
        *)
          echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/redis {start|stop|restart|force-reload}" >&2
              exit 1
      esac
      ##############################
    4. 设置开机启动
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      chkconfig redis on

    至此，大功告成。可以用命令 chkconfig 查看开机启动服务列表

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    chkconfig --list

    附录：

    1、nigx重启错误

    bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)

    这个是nginx重启是 经常遇到的。   网上找了很多信息 都是没有啥用。说的乱七八糟的。   发现原来是nginx重复重启。自己占用了端口。 解决方法

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    killall -9 nginx

    杀掉nginx 进程  然后重启就行了。

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    service nginx restart

    2、php-fpm 启动 关闭

    php-fpm 不再支持 php-fpm 补丁具有的 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm (start|stop|reload)等命令，需要使用信号控制：

    master进程可以理解以下信号

    • SIGINT, SIGTERM 立刻终止
    • SIGQUIT 平滑终止
    • SIGUSR1 重新打开日志文件
    • SIGUSR2 平滑重载所有worker进程并重新载入配置和二进制模块

    示例：

    1. php-fpm 关闭：
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      kill -SIGINT `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`
    2. php-fpm 重启：
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      kill -SIGUSR2 `cat /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid`

    其次配置文件不再使用的xml 格式，改为了INI，但是配置参数几乎和以前一样，可参照xml格式的格式配置。

    3、nginx 启动 关闭

    1. nginx的启动(nginx.conf文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的conf目录中)
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      nginx -c nginx.conf
    2. nginx的停止(nginx.pid文件基本上位于nginx主目录中的logs目录中)
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      ps -ef | grep nginx

      可发现数个nginx进程,其中标有master的为主进程,其它为子进程, 停止nginx主要就是对主进程进行信号控制.

      1. 从容停止
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        kill -QUIT `cat nginx.pid`
      2. 快速停止
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        kill -TERM `cat nginx.pid`

        or

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        kill -INT `cat nginx.pid`
      3. 强制停止
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        kill -9 `cat nginx.pid`
    3. nginx的平滑重启
      首先要验证新的配置文件是否正确:
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      nginc -t -c nginx.conf

      成功后向主进程发送HUP信号即可: [/shell]kill -HUP `cat nginx.pid`[/shell]

    4、nginx的平滑升级

    1. 备份好旧的可执行文件,使用新版本替换旧版本
    2. kill -USR2 旧版本的主进程PID 进行平滑升级, 此时新老版本共存
    3. kill -WINCH 旧版本的主进程PID  逐步关闭旧主进程的工作进程
    4. 当旧主进程产生的工作进程全部关闭后, 可以决定是否使用新版本还是旧版本.(需要使用kill命令来杀死新或旧主进程)
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      #!/bin/sh
      BASE_DIR='/usr/local/'
      ${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c ${BASE_DIR}nginx/conf/nginx.conf >& ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start
      info=`cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start`
      if [ `echo $info | grep -c "syntax is ok" ` -eq 1 ]; then
      if [ `ps aux|grep "nginx"|grep -c "master"` == 1 ]; then
      kill -HUP `cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.pid`
      echo "ok"
      else
      killall -9 nginx
      sleep 1
      ${BASE_DIR}nginx/sbin/nginx
      fi
      else
      echo "######## error: ########"
      cat ${BASE_DIR}nginx/logs/nginx.start
      fi

    5、CentOS修改系统环境变量

    我这里拿php作为一个例子，我的php安装在/usr/local/webserver/php下，没有把php加入环境变量时，你在命令行执行

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    #查看当前php的版本信息
    [root@CentOS ~]# php -v

    会提示你此命令不存在。

    下面详细说说linux下修改环境变量的方法

    方法一：

    在/etc/profile文件中添加变量【对所有用户生效（永久的）】
    用VI在文件/etc/profile文件中增加变量，该变量将会对Linux下所有用户有效，并且是“永久的”。

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    [root@CentOS ~]# vi /etc/profile

    在文件末尾加上如下两行代码

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    PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH
    export PATH

    如：

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    # /etc/profile
     
    # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup
    # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc
     
    # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you
    # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in
    # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this
    # will prevent the need for merging in future updates.
     
    pathmunge () {
        case ":${PATH}:" in
            *:"$1":*)
                ;;
            *)
                if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then
                    PATH=$PATH:$1
                else
                    PATH=$1:$PATH
                fi
        esac
    }
     
    if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then
        if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then
            # ksh workaround
            EUID=`id -u`
            UID=`id -ru`
        fi
        USER="`id -un`"
        LOGNAME=$USER
        MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER"
    fi
     
    # Path manipulation
    if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then
        pathmunge /sbin
        pathmunge /usr/sbin
        pathmunge /usr/local/sbin
    else
        pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after
        pathmunge /usr/sbin after
        pathmunge /sbin after
    fi
     
    HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null`
    HISTSIZE=1000
    if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then
        export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
    else
        export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
    fi
     
    export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL
     
    # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell
    # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200
    # You could check uidgid reservation validity in
    # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file
    if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`id -gn`" = "`id -un`" ]; then
        umask 002
    else
        umask 022
    fi
     
    for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do
        if [ -r "$i" ]; then
            if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then
                . "$i"
            else
                . "$i" >/dev/null 2>&1
            fi
        fi
    done
     
    unset i
    unset pathmunge
     
    PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH
    export PATH

    要是刚才的修改马上生效，需要执行以下代码

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    [root@CentOS ~]# source /etc/profile

    这时再查看系统环境变量，就能看见刚才加的东西已经生效了

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    [root@CentOS ~]# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/webserver/php/bin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

    现在就能直接使用php命令了（而不是像之前写很长一串/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php -v），例如查看当前php的版本

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    [root@CentOS ~]# php -v
    PHP 5.3.8 (cli) (built: Jun 27 2012 14:28:20)
    Copyright (c) 1997-2011 The PHP Group
    Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2011 Zend Technologies

    方法二：

    在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量【对单一用户生效（永久的）】
    用VI在用户目录下的.bash_profile文件中增加变量，改变量仅会对当前用户有效，并且是“永久的”。具体操作和方法1一样，这里就不在列举代码了。

    方法三：

    直接运行export命令定义变量【只对当前shell（BASH）有效（临时的）】

    在shell的命令行下直接使用[export变量名=变量值]定义变量，该变量只在当前的shell（BASH）或其子shell（BASH）下是有效的，shell关闭了，变量也就失效了，再打开新shell时就没有这个变量，需要使用的话还需要重新定义。例如

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    export PATH=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin:$PATH

     
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/debmzhang/p/4195176.html
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