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  • Ceph 之RGW Cache

    Overview

    缓存是为达到系统快速响应的一项关键技术,Ceph 作为一个复杂的分布式存储系统,有多种、多级缓存存在。缓存按照位置分为:

    • 客户端缓存
    • 服务端缓存
    • 网络中缓存

    按照部署方式分为:

    • 单体缓存
    • 缓存集群
    • 分布式缓存

    而Rados 网关缓存,也即RGW Cache 按照位置:作为Ceph client 可以归为客户端缓存,作为上层应用的服务端可以归为服务端缓存。而按照部署方式则为分布式缓存,因为Ceph 集群通常会存在多个RGW 实例,分布式缓存会涉及到缓存同步等问题。

    RGW Cache 将对象存储的相关元数据存储在内部缓存中,用于提升性能。

    RGW Cache 执行路径

    前面已经提到,目前Ceph 中涉及RGW Cache 的配置参数有三个:

    • rgw_cache_enabled: RGW Cache 开关,默认为true,即开启。
    • rgw_cache_expiry_interval: 缓存数据的过期时间,默认900秒。
    • rgw_cache_lru_size: RGW 缓存entries的最大数量,当缓存满后会根据LRU算法做缓存entries替换,entries size默认为10000。读请求较多的场景,适当大的参数配置可以带来更好的性能。

    查看RGW cache 命中率:

    [root@stor14 build]# bin/ceph daemon out/radosgw.8000.asok perf dump|grep cache
            "cache_hit": 336,
            "cache_miss": 135,
    

    ceph.conf 中配置参数rgw_cache_enabled。

    rgw_main.cc 中,获得RGWRados *store:

    int main() {
      RGWRados *store =
        RGWStoreManager::get_storage(g_ceph_context,
    				 g_conf()->rgw_enable_gc_threads,
    				 g_conf()->rgw_enable_lc_threads,
    				 g_conf()->rgw_enable_bl_threads,
    				 g_conf()->rgw_enable_quota_threads,
    				 g_conf()->rgw_run_sync_thread,
    				 g_conf().get_val<bool>("rgw_dynamic_resharding"),
    				 g_conf()->rgw_cache_enabled); // 获取rgw_cache_enabled 的配置,决定是否开启缓存
    }
    

    调用路径如下:

    RGWRados *RGWStoreManager::RGWStoreManager::get_storage() ==> RGWRados *RGWStoreManager::init_storage_provider() ==> int RGWRados::initialize(CephContext *_cct) ==> int RGWRados::initialize()

    /** 
     * Initialize the RADOS instance and prepare to do other ops
     * Returns 0 on success, -ERR# on failure.
     */
    int RGWRados::initialize()
    {
      int ret;
    
      inject_notify_timeout_probability =
        cct->_conf.get_val<double>("rgw_inject_notify_timeout_probability");
      max_notify_retries = cct->_conf.get_val<uint64_t>("rgw_max_notify_retries");
    
      ret = init_svc(false); // 初始化包含svc_sysobj, sysobj_cache, svc_notify等的RGW Services
      if (ret < 0) {
        ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: failed to init services (ret=" << cpp_strerror(-ret) << ")" << dendl;
        return ret;
      }
    
      host_id = svc.zone_utils->gen_host_id();
    
      ret = init_rados(); //rados 相关上下文初始化
      if (ret < 0)
        return ret;
    
      return init_complete(); // 初始化gc,lc,reshard 等线程
    }
    

    RGWRados *store的初始化中初始化RGW 服务:

    int RGWRados::init_svc(bool raw) raw=false ==> int RGWServices::init(CephContext *cct, bool have_cache) ==> int RGWServices::do_init(CephContext *cct, bool have_cache, false) ==> int RGWServices_Def::init(CephContext *cct, bool have_cache, false)

    int RGWServices_Def::init(CephContext *cct,
    			  bool have_cache,
                              bool raw)
    {
      finisher = std::make_unique<RGWSI_Finisher>(cct);
      notify = std::make_unique<RGWSI_Notify>(cct);
      rados = std::make_unique<RGWSI_RADOS>(cct);
      zone = std::make_unique<RGWSI_Zone>(cct);
      zone_utils = std::make_unique<RGWSI_ZoneUtils>(cct);
      quota = std::make_unique<RGWSI_Quota>(cct);
      sync_modules = std::make_unique<RGWSI_SyncModules>(cct);
      sysobj = std::make_unique<RGWSI_SysObj>(cct);
      sysobj_core = std::make_unique<RGWSI_SysObj_Core>(cct);
    
      if (have_cache) {
        sysobj_cache = std::make_unique<RGWSI_SysObj_Cache>(cct);
      }
    
      ...
      // 各类服务初始化
      sysobj_core->core_init(rados.get(), zone.get());
      if (have_cache) {
        sysobj_cache->init(rados.get(), zone.get(), notify.get());
        sysobj->init(rados.get(), sysobj_cache.get());
      } else {
        sysobj->init(rados.get(), sysobj_core.get());
      }
      ...
      //启动notify 服务
      if (!raw) {
        r = notify->start();
        if (r < 0) {
          ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: failed to start notify service (" << cpp_strerror(-r) << dendl;
          return r;
        }
      }
      ...
      // 启动sysobj_core 服务
      r = sysobj_core->start();
      if (r < 0) {
        ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: failed to start sysobj_core service (" << cpp_strerror(-r) << dendl;
        return r;
      }
      // 根据参数配置选择是否启动sysobj_cache 服务
      if (have_cache) {
        r = sysobj_cache->start();
        if (r < 0) {
          ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: failed to start sysobj_cache service (" << cpp_strerror(-r) << dendl;
          return r;
        }
      }
      // 启动sysobj 服务
      r = sysobj->start();
      if (r < 0) {
        ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: failed to start sysobj service (" << cpp_strerror(-r) << dendl;
        return r;
      }
      /* cache or core services will be started by sysobj */
      return 0;
    }
    

    CacheProovider RGWSI_SysObj_Cache继承自RGWSI_SysObj_Core,而RGWSI_SysObj_Core 又是RGWServiceInstance的子类。
    最终启动RGWSI_SysObj_Cache 服务。

    int RGWServiceInstance::start() ==> virtual int RGWServiceInstance::do_start() ==> int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::do_start()

    子类RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::do_start()中

    int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::do_start()
    {
      int r = RGWSI_SysObj_Core::do_start(); // 目前并没做什么,return 0
      if (r < 0) {
        return r;
      }
      // 启动notify 服务,为了后面的不同实例间的缓存分发
      r = notify_svc->start();
      if (r < 0) {
        return r;
      }
    
      assert(notify_svc->is_started());
    
      cb.reset(new RGWSI_SysObj_Cache_CB(this)); // 初始化回调对象
    
      // 注册包含回调函数的对象至notify_svc
      // 通过notify_svc 的watch/notify 机制调用到已注册的回调函数 int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::watch_cb()
      notify_svc->register_watch_cb(cb.get());
    
      return 0;
    }
    

    watch_cb()的调用路径是:

    int RGWSI_Notify::watch_cb() ==> int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache_CB::watch_cb() ==> int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::watch_cb()

    RGW Cache 组织架构

    一般的Cache 系统会有以下四个重要的概念:

    • CachingProvider:定义了创建、配置、获取、管理和控制一个或多个CacheManager。一个应用可以访问多个CachingProvider。
    • CacheManager:定义了创建、配置、获取、管理和控制一个或多个唯一命名的Cache,这些Cache 存在于CacheManager的上下文中。一个CacheManager仅被一个CachingProvider拥有。
    • Cache:是一个类似于Map 的数据结构并临时存储以key 为索引的值。一个Cache 仅被一个CacheManager 拥有。
    • Entry:是一个存储在Cache 中的key-value 对。

    CachingProvider <>-----> CacheManager <>-----> Cache <>-----> Entry

    RGW Cache 主要在以下源文件中实现:

    • rgw_cache.h
    • rgw_cache.cc
    • svc_sys_obj_cache.h
    • svc_sys_obj_cache.cc

    类图结构如下:

    根据各部分起到的作用,其中

    • ObjectCache 就是CacheManager 的角色,管理一个Cache(Map)(即std::unordered_map<string, ObjectCacheEntry> cache_map)。
    • RGWSI_SysObj_Cache 相当于CachingProvider,管理一个CacheManager(即ObjectCache cache)。
    • ObjectCacheEntry 当然就是Entry 的角色。

    CachingProvider RGWSI_SysObj_Cache:

    class RGWSI_SysObj_Cache : public RGWSI_SysObj_Core
    {
        //......
        RGWSI_Notify *notify_svc{nullptr};
        ObjectCache cache; //
    
        std::shared_ptr<RGWSI_SysObj_Cache_CB> cb;
    };
    

    关于Entry ObjectCacheEntry

    struct ObjectCacheEntry {
      ObjectCacheInfo info; //包含缓存对象data、metadata及xattr
      std::list<string>::iterator lru_iter;
      uint64_t lru_promotion_ts;
      uint64_t gen; //entry 的版本,初始为0,每次更新后加一
      std::vector<pair<RGWChainedCache *, string> > chained_entries; //
    
      ObjectCacheEntry() : lru_promotion_ts(0), gen(0) {}
    };
    

    每个Entry 中包含对应Object 的缓存数据及相关信息,LRU信息,版本信息,chained_entries 等。

    struct ObjectCacheInfo {
      int status = 0;
      uint32_t flags = 0; //?
      uint64_t epoch = 0; //?
      bufferlist data;
      map<string, bufferlist> xattrs;
      map<string, bufferlist> rm_xattrs; // 待移除xattrs
      ObjectMetaInfo meta;
      obj_version version = {};
      ceph::coarse_mono_time time_added; //加入缓存的时间, 重新加入缓存的对象需要更新该时间
    ......
    };
    

    可以看到Cache 中包含了数据、元数据以及xattr等信息。

    缓存管理

    前面提到ObjectCache充当了CacheManager的角色,而RGWSI_SysObj_Cache相当于CachingProvider

    基于LRU 的淘汰算法

    LRU 是一类常见的缓存淘汰算法,在Ehcache,Redis等很多系统中都有实现或改进实现。
    LRU(Least recently used,最近最少使用)算法根据数据的历访问记录来进行数据淘汰,其核心思想是:如果数据最近被访问过,那么将来被访问到的概率也很高。

    • 而最近很少被使用的数据,很大概率下一次不再用到。
    • 当缓存容量的满时候,优先淘汰最近很少使用的数据。

    LRU 操作总结:

    • 新数据直接插入到列表头部
    • 缓存数据被命中,将数据移动到列表头部
    • 缓存已满的时候,移除列表尾部数据。

    CachingProvider

    RGWSI_SysObj_Cache 作为CachingProvider,它负责对CacheManager ObjectCache的管理。
    新的系统对象服务(system objects service)通过sysobj_core 用于核心的操作,这样可以在system objects service 上扩展cache service,以实现object cache,其在PR 24014中引入。
    RGWSI_SysObj_Core 是系统对象的基本抽象:属性和方法,RGWSI_SysObj_Cache 继承自RGWSI_SysObj_Core,实现cache service 的扩展。

    class RGWSI_SysObj_Cache : public RGWSI_SysObj_Core
    {
        //......
        RGWSI_Notify *notify_svc{nullptr};
        ObjectCache cache; //
    
        std::shared_ptr<RGWSI_SysObj_Cache_CB> cb;
    protected:
      void init(RGWSI_RADOS *_rados_svc,
                RGWSI_Zone *_zone_svc,
                RGWSI_Notify *_notify_svc) {
        core_init(_rados_svc, _zone_svc);
        notify_svc = _notify_svc;
      }
    
      int do_start() override;
    
      int raw_stat(const rgw_raw_obj& obj, uint64_t *psize, real_time *pmtime, uint64_t *epoch,
                   map<string, bufferlist> *attrs, bufferlist *first_chunk,
                   RGWObjVersionTracker *objv_tracker) override;
    
      int read(); //读操作
      int get_attr(); // 获取xattr
      int set_attrs(); // 设置xattr
      int remove(); //移除缓存
      int write();
      int write_data(); //
      int distribute_cache(); // 分发缓存,因为通常会有多个RGW 实例,需要将缓存在多个RGW 实例间同步,保证数据一致性。
      int watch_cb(); // watch 回调函数
      void set_enabled(bool status); // watch/notify 开关,用于分布式多RGW 实例的缓存同步
    public:
      // chain cache
      bool chain_cache_entry(std::initializer_list<rgw_cache_entry_info *> cache_info_entries,
                             RGWChainedCache::Entry *chained_entry);
      ......
    };
    

    移除缓存remove()

    int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::remove(RGWSysObjectCtxBase& obj_ctx,
                                   RGWObjVersionTracker *objv_tracker,
                                   const rgw_raw_obj& obj)
    
    {
      rgw_pool pool;
      string oid;
      normalize_pool_and_obj(obj.pool, obj.oid, pool, oid);
    
      string name = normal_name(pool, oid);
      // 根据前面构成的标准cache name,调用CacheManager的bool ObjectCache::remove(const string& name) 执行缓存删除
      cache.remove(name);
    
      ObjectCacheInfo info;
      // 向分布式系统中的其他RGW 实例分发缓存操作
      int r = distribute_cache(name, obj, info, REMOVE_OBJ);
      if (r < 0) {
        ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: " << __func__ << "(): failed to distribute cache: r=" << r << dendl;
      }
      // 删除sysobj_core 对象
      return RGWSI_SysObj_Core::remove(obj_ctx, objv_tracker, obj);
    }
    

    具体的缓存删除操作由CacheManager ObjectCache 执行

    bool ObjectCache::remove(const string& name)
    {
      RWLock::WLocker l(lock); // 第一步:获取写锁
    
      if (!enabled) {
        return false;
      }
    
      // 在cache map中找到指定缓存
      auto iter = cache_map.find(name);
      if (iter == cache_map.end())
        return false;
    
      ldout(cct, 10) << "removing " << name << " from cache" << dendl;
      ObjectCacheEntry& entry = iter->second;
    
      // 移除指定ObjectCacheEntry 关联的所有 chained_entries
      for (auto& kv : entry.chained_entries) {
        kv.first->invalidate(kv.second);
      }
    
      remove_lru(name, iter->second.lru_iter); // 更新lru 
      cache_map.erase(iter); // cache map 中移除该对象缓存
      return true;
    }
    

    以缓存中最常见、最重要的操作read()为例分析:

    int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::read(RGWSysObjectCtxBase& obj_ctx,
                                 GetObjState& read_state,
                                 RGWObjVersionTracker *objv_tracker,
                                 const rgw_raw_obj& obj,
                                 bufferlist *obl, off_t ofs, off_t end,
                                 map<string, bufferlist> *attrs,
    			                 bool raw_attrs,
                                 rgw_cache_entry_info *cache_info,
                                 boost::optional<obj_version> refresh_version)
    {
      rgw_pool pool;
      string oid;
      // 若指定非开始处的offset 读取,则直接读取sysobj_core 对象
      if (ofs != 0) {
        return RGWSI_SysObj_Core::read(obj_ctx, read_state, objv_tracker,
                              obj, obl, ofs, end, attrs, raw_attrs,
                              cache_info, refresh_version);
      }
    
      normalize_pool_and_obj(obj.pool, obj.oid, pool, oid);
      string name = normal_name(pool, oid);
    
      ObjectCacheInfo info;
    
      uint32_t flags = (end != 0 ? CACHE_FLAG_DATA : 0);
      if (objv_tracker)
        flags |= CACHE_FLAG_OBJV;
      if (attrs)
        flags |= CACHE_FLAG_XATTRS;
    
      // 获取指定name 的cache
      if ((cache.get(name, info, flags, cache_info) == 0) &&
          (!refresh_version || !info.version.compare(&(*refresh_version)))) {
        if (info.status < 0)
          return info.status;
    
        bufferlist& bl = info.data;
    
        bufferlist::iterator i = bl.begin();
    
        obl->clear();
    
        i.copy_all(*obl);
        if (objv_tracker)
          objv_tracker->read_version = info.version;
        if (attrs) {
          if (raw_attrs) {
    	    *attrs = info.xattrs;
          } else {
    	    rgw_filter_attrset(info.xattrs, RGW_ATTR_PREFIX, attrs);
          }
        }
        return obl->length();
      }
    
      map<string, bufferlist> unfiltered_attrset;
      int r = RGWSI_SysObj_Core::read(obj_ctx, read_state, objv_tracker,
                             obj, obl, ofs, end,
    			             (attrs ? &unfiltered_attrset : nullptr),
    			             true, /* cache unfiltered attrs */
    			             cache_info,
                             refresh_version);
      if (r < 0) {
        // 未读到该对象时,将该对象加入cache
        if (r == -ENOENT) { // only update ENOENT, we'd rather retry other errors
          info.status = r;
          cache.put(name, info, cache_info);
        }
        return r;
      }
    
      if (obl->length() == end + 1) {
        /* in this case, most likely object contains more data, we can't cache it */
        flags &= ~CACHE_FLAG_DATA;
      } else {
        bufferptr p(r);
        bufferlist& bl = info.data;
        bl.clear();
        bufferlist::iterator o = obl->begin();
        o.copy_all(bl);
      }
    
      info.status = 0;
      info.flags = flags;
      if (objv_tracker) {
        info.version = objv_tracker->read_version;
      }
      if (attrs) {
        info.xattrs = std::move(unfiltered_attrset);
        if (raw_attrs) {
          *attrs = info.xattrs;
        } else {
          rgw_filter_attrset(info.xattrs, RGW_ATTR_PREFIX, attrs);
        }
      }
      cache.put(name, info, cache_info);
      return r;
    }
    

    CacheManager

    CacheManager ObjectCache 负责具体Cache Entries的管理:缓存获取,缓存移除,LRU 管理

    class ObjectCache {
      std::unordered_map<string, ObjectCacheEntry> cache_map;
      std::list<string> lru; // LRU 列表
      unsigned long lru_size; // LRU 表的大小
      unsigned long lru_counter; // 当前LRU 数
      unsigned long lru_window; // rgw_cache_lru_size 的一半大小
      RWLock lock;
      CephContext *cct;
    
      vector<RGWChainedCache *> chained_cache;
    
      bool enabled; // watch/notify 的开关
      ceph::timespan expiry; // 缓存过期时间大小
    };
    
    缓存获取
    int ObjectCache::get(const string& name, ObjectCacheInfo& info, uint32_t mask, rgw_cache_entry_info *cache_info)
    {
      RWLock::RLocker l(lock); // 第一步,先获取读锁
    
      if (!enabled) {
        return -ENOENT;
      }
      // 获取指定缓存
      auto iter = cache_map.find(name);
      if (iter == cache_map.end()) {
        ldout(cct, 10) << "cache get: name=" << name << " : miss" << dendl;
        if (perfcounter)
          perfcounter->inc(l_rgw_cache_miss);
        return -ENOENT;
      }
      // 缓存是否已经过期
      // 过期缓存需要从cache map中移除,从LRU 表中移除
      if (expiry.count() &&
           (ceph::coarse_mono_clock::now() - iter->second.info.time_added) > expiry) {
        ldout(cct, 10) << "cache get: name=" << name << " : expiry miss" << dendl;
        lock.unlock();
        lock.get_write(); // 由读锁转为写锁
        // check that wasn't already removed by other thread
        iter = cache_map.find(name);
        if (iter != cache_map.end()) {
          for (auto &kv : iter->second.chained_entries)
            kv.first->invalidate(kv.second);
          remove_lru(name, iter->second.lru_iter);
          cache_map.erase(iter);
        }
        if(perfcounter)
          perfcounter->inc(l_rgw_cache_miss);
        return -ENOENT;
      }
    
      ObjectCacheEntry *entry = &iter->second;
    
      // 当前entry 计数距离总计数lru_counter超过LRU 窗口大小,即当前entry 已经落在LRU 表后半段,这时才去更新entry LRU表
      // [lru window](https://github.com/ceph/ceph/commit/a84cf15f64211c00bc6c95687ff4509d16b1f909)
      if (lru_counter - entry->lru_promotion_ts > lru_window) {
        ldout(cct, 20) << "cache get: touching lru, lru_counter=" << lru_counter
                       << " promotion_ts=" << entry->lru_promotion_ts << dendl;
        lock.unlock();
        lock.get_write(); /* promote lock to writer */
    
        /* need to redo this because entry might have dropped off the cache */
        iter = cache_map.find(name);
        if (iter == cache_map.end()) {
          ldout(cct, 10) << "lost race! cache get: name=" << name << " : miss" << dendl;
          if(perfcounter) perfcounter->inc(l_rgw_cache_miss);
          return -ENOENT;
        }
    
        entry = &iter->second;
        /* check again, we might have lost a race here */
        if (lru_counter - entry->lru_promotion_ts > lru_window) {
          touch_lru(name, *entry, iter->second.lru_iter); // 更新缓存LRU
        }
      }
    
      ObjectCacheInfo& src = iter->second.info;
      if ((src.flags & mask) != mask) {
        ldout(cct, 10) << "cache get: name=" << name << " : type miss (requested=0x"
                       << std::hex << mask << ", cached=0x" << src.flags
                       << std::dec << ")" << dendl;
        if(perfcounter) perfcounter->inc(l_rgw_cache_miss);
        return -ENOENT;
      }
      ldout(cct, 10) << "cache get: name=" << name << " : hit (requested=0x"
                     << std::hex << mask << ", cached=0x" << src.flags
                     << std::dec << ")" << dendl;
    
      info = src;
      if (cache_info) {
        cache_info->cache_locator = name;
        cache_info->gen = entry->gen;
      }
      if(perfcounter) perfcounter->inc(l_rgw_cache_hit);
    
      return 0;
    }
    
    缓存添加
    void ObjectCache::put(const string& name, ObjectCacheInfo& info, rgw_cache_entry_info *cache_info)
    {
      RWLock::WLocker l(lock);
    
      if (!enabled) {
        return;
      }
    
      ldout(cct, 10) << "cache put: name=" << name << " info.flags=0x"
                     << std::hex << info.flags << std::dec << dendl;
    
      auto [iter, inserted] = cache_map.emplace(name, ObjectCacheEntry{});
      ObjectCacheEntry& entry = iter->second;
      entry.info.time_added = ceph::coarse_mono_clock::now();
      if (inserted) {
        entry.lru_iter = lru.end();
      }
      ObjectCacheInfo& target = entry.info;
    
      invalidate_lru(entry);
    
      entry.chained_entries.clear();
      entry.gen++;
    
      touch_lru(name, entry, entry.lru_iter);
    
      target.status = info.status;
    
      if (info.status < 0) {
        target.flags = 0;
        target.xattrs.clear();
        target.data.clear();
        return;
      }
    
      if (cache_info) {
        cache_info->cache_locator = name;
        cache_info->gen = entry.gen;
      }
    
      target.flags |= info.flags;
    
      if (info.flags & CACHE_FLAG_META)
        target.meta = info.meta;
      else if (!(info.flags & CACHE_FLAG_MODIFY_XATTRS))
        target.flags &= ~CACHE_FLAG_META; // non-meta change should reset meta
    
      if (info.flags & CACHE_FLAG_XATTRS) {
        target.xattrs = info.xattrs;
        map<string, bufferlist>::iterator iter;
        for (iter = target.xattrs.begin(); iter != target.xattrs.end(); ++iter) {
          ldout(cct, 10) << "updating xattr: name=" << iter->first << " bl.length()=" << iter->second.length() << dendl;
        }
      } else if (info.flags & CACHE_FLAG_MODIFY_XATTRS) {
        map<string, bufferlist>::iterator iter;
        for (iter = info.rm_xattrs.begin(); iter != info.rm_xattrs.end(); ++iter) {
          ldout(cct, 10) << "removing xattr: name=" << iter->first << dendl;
          target.xattrs.erase(iter->first);
        }
        for (iter = info.xattrs.begin(); iter != info.xattrs.end(); ++iter) {
          ldout(cct, 10) << "appending xattr: name=" << iter->first << " bl.length()=" << iter->second.length() << dendl;
          target.xattrs[iter->first] = iter->second;
        }
      }
    
      if (info.flags & CACHE_FLAG_DATA)
        target.data = info.data;
    
      if (info.flags & CACHE_FLAG_OBJV)
        target.version = info.version;
    }
    
    缓存移除
    bool ObjectCache::remove(const string& name)
    {
      RWLock::WLocker l(lock); // 第一步,获取写锁
    
      if (!enabled) {
        return false;
      }
    
      auto iter = cache_map.find(name);
      if (iter == cache_map.end())
        return false;
    
      ldout(cct, 10) << "removing " << name << " from cache" << dendl;
      ObjectCacheEntry& entry = iter->second;
      // 移除跟cache entry 关联的所有chained entries 
      for (auto& kv : entry.chained_entries) {
        kv.first->invalidate(kv.second);
      }
      // 移除LRU 表中的cache object对应项
      remove_lru(name, iter->second.lru_iter);
      cache_map.erase(iter);
      return true;
    }
    
    LRU 更新

    LRU 表是一个双向列表 std:list<>,可支持表头插入、表尾插入。RGW Cache 实现在LRU 表头

    std::list<string> lru;
    

    LRU 移除

    void ObjectCache::remove_lru(const string& name,
    			     std::list<string>::iterator& lru_iter)
    {
      if (lru_iter == lru.end())//确定是否在LRU 表中
        return;
    
      lru.erase(lru_iter);// 移除该项
      lru_size--; // LRU 当前size 减一
      lru_iter = lru.end(); //将当前iter 置为无效
    }
    

    touch_lru 负责更新缓存项至LRU 表:

    void ObjectCache::touch_lru(const string& name, ObjectCacheEntry& entry,
    			    std::list<string>::iterator& lru_iter)
    {
      // 当前lru size 超过预设值rgw_cache_lru_size,需要先删除LRU 头
      while (lru_size > (size_t)cct->_conf->rgw_cache_lru_size) {
        auto iter = lru.begin(); // LRU 表尾项
        if ((*iter).compare(name) == 0) { // 如果当前对象是LRU 是LRU 表尾项,不用立马显式删除,LRU 会根据rgw_cache_lru_size 自动不包含该项
          /*
           * if the entry we're touching happens to be at the lru end, don't remove it,
           * lru shrinking can wait for next time
           */
          break;
        }
        // 移除LRU 表尾项对应的对象缓存
        auto map_iter = cache_map.find(*iter);
        ldout(cct, 10) << "removing entry: name=" << *iter << " from cache LRU" << dendl;
        if (map_iter != cache_map.end()) {
          ObjectCacheEntry& entry = map_iter->second;
          invalidate_lru(entry);
          cache_map.erase(map_iter);
        }
        // 删除LRU 表尾项,并将当前LRU size 减一
        lru.pop_front();
        lru_size--;
      }
    
      if (lru_iter == lru.end()) { // lru_iter不在LRU 表中:插入当前项至LRU 表头(list 尾)
        lru.push_back(name);
        lru_size++;
        lru_iter--;
        ldout(cct, 10) << "adding " << name << " to cache LRU end" << dendl;
      } else { // lru_iter在LRU 表中:移动至当前项至LRU 表头(list 尾)
        ldout(cct, 10) << "moving " << name << " to cache LRU end" << dendl;
        lru.erase(lru_iter);
        lru.push_back(name);
        lru_iter = lru.end();
        --lru_iter;
      }
    
      lru_counter++;
      entry.lru_promotion_ts = lru_counter; // 
    }
    

    缓存一致性

    RGW Cache 属于分布式缓存,通常会有多个RGW 实例,缓存需要在各个RGW 实例间分发,且需要保证缓存一致性。
    RGW Cache的调用路径中已经给出,CachingProvider RGWSI_SysObj_Cache 会在服务启动do_start() 中start notify_svc,并注册watch_cb 函数。
    notify_svc 这个服务的作用就是提供一种watch/notify 机制,以确保缓存一致性。
    watch/notify 机制由librados提供。其中,notify rados object 存在default.rgw.control 池中。

    [root@stor14 build]# bin/rados ls -p default.rgw.control
    notify.1
    notify.6
    notify.3
    notify.7
    notify.2
    notify.4
    notify.5
    notify.0
    
    [root@stor14 build]# bin/rados -p default.rgw.control stat notify.1
    default.rgw.control/notify.1 mtime 2020-01-10 18:59:13.000000, size 0
    
    [root@stor14 build]# bin/rados -p default.rgw.control stat notify.7
    default.rgw.control/notify.7 mtime 2020-01-10 18:59:14.000000, size 0
    

    notify_svc 服务的启动路径跟cache_svc 类似:

    int RGWServiceInstance::start() ==> virtual int RGWServiceInstance::do_start() ==> int RGWSI_Notify::do_start()

    do_start() 会初始化watch:

    int RGWSI_Notify::init_watch()
    {
      num_watchers = cct->_conf->rgw_num_control_oids; // 有参数rgw_num_control_oids 配置,默认8个 watcher
      bool compat_oid = (num_watchers == 0);
    
      if (num_watchers <= 0)
        num_watchers = 1;
    
      watchers = new RGWWatcher *[num_watchers];
      ......
    }
    

    在cache op 之后,会执行cache 分发操作distribute_cache():

    int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::distribute_cache(const string& normal_name, const rgw_raw_obj& obj, ObjectCacheInfo& obj_info, int op)
    {
      RGWCacheNotifyInfo info;
    
      info.op = op;
    
      info.obj_info = obj_info;
      info.obj = obj;
      bufferlist bl;
      encode(info, bl);
      return notify_svc->distribute(normal_name, bl); // 利用notify_svc 分发
    }
    

    分发过程:

    int RGWSI_Notify::distribute(const string& key, bufferlist& bl)
    {
      // 选择一个notify obj
      RGWSI_RADOS::Obj notify_obj = pick_control_obj(key);
    
      ldout(cct, 10) << "distributing notification oid=" << notify_obj.get_ref().obj
          << " bl.length()=" << bl.length() << dendl;
      // 执行分发
      return robust_notify(notify_obj, bl);
    }
    

    分发细节会在RGW Services -- Notify Service 中说明。

    另外,在notify_svc 服务的watcher 的handle_notify()中调用已注册的回调函数。
    watcher 收到notify的更新通知后,会更新本地缓存。

    void RGWWatcher::handle_notify()
    {
    ......
        // 调用cache_svc 服务注册的回调函数
        svc->watch_cb(notify_id, cookie, notifier_id, bl);
        // 向通知者发送确认消息
        bufferlist reply_bl; // empty reply payload
        obj.notify_ack(notify_id, cookie, reply_bl);
    ......
    }
    

    回调函数中根据操作类型,利用CacheManager 完成cache 更新或移除:

    int RGWSI_SysObj_Cache::watch_cb(uint64_t notify_id,
                                     uint64_t cookie,
                                     uint64_t notifier_id,
                                     bufferlist& bl)
    {
      RGWCacheNotifyInfo info; //cache notify 信息,包含:操作、rgw raw object、obj cache info、offset等
    
      try {
        auto iter = bl.cbegin();
        decode(info, iter);
      } catch (buffer::end_of_buffer& err) {
        ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: got bad notification" << dendl;
        return -EIO;
      } catch (buffer::error& err) {
        ldout(cct, 0) << "ERROR: buffer::error" << dendl;
        return -EIO;
      }
    
      rgw_pool pool;
      string oid;
      normalize_pool_and_obj(info.obj.pool, info.obj.oid, pool, oid);
      string name = normal_name(pool, oid);
      
      switch (info.op) {
      case UPDATE_OBJ: //利用CacheManager 更新缓存
        cache.put(name, info.obj_info, NULL);
        break;
      case REMOVE_OBJ: //利用CacheManager 移除缓存
        cache.remove(name);
        break;
      default:
        ldout(cct, 0) << "WARNING: got unknown notification op: " << info.op << dendl;
        return -EINVAL;
      }
    
      return 0;
    }
    

    Chained cache

    Chained cache 让user info,bucket info 可以通过链接原生缓存,得以开启缓存。

    Basically chains bucket info and user info caches to the raw metadata object cache.

    binfo_cache = new RGWChainedCacheImpl<bucket_info_entry>;
    static RGWChainedCacheImpl<user_info_entry> uinfo_cache;
    

    以user cache 为例,在开启RGW Cache后,优先从缓存中获取:

    void rgw_user_init(RGWRados *store)
    {
      uinfo_cache.init(store->svc.cache);
    
      user_meta_handler = new RGWUserMetadataHandler;
      store->meta_mgr->register_handler(user_meta_handler);
    }
    
    int rgw_get_user_info_from_index(RGWRados * const store,
                                     const string& key,
                                     const rgw_pool& pool,
                                     RGWUserInfo& info,
                                     RGWObjVersionTracker * const objv_tracker,
                                     real_time * const pmtime)
    {
      // 首选尝试获取缓存
      if (auto e = uinfo_cache.find(key)) {
        info = e->info;
        if (objv_tracker)
          *objv_tracker = e->objv_tracker;
        if (pmtime)
          *pmtime = e->mtime;
        return 0;
      }
     ......
     // 未能从缓存中获取,直接从RADOS 集群中获取
     // 获取到之后,更新uinfo 缓存
     uinfo_cache.put(store->svc.cache, key, &e, { &cache_info });
     .......
    
    class RGWChainedCache {
    public:
      ......
      struct Entry {
        RGWChainedCache *cache; // 关联cache
        const string& key; // email/swift_name/access_key/bucket name 
        void *data; // 指向bucket_info_entry或user_info_entry
    
        Entry(RGWChainedCache *_c, const string& _k, void *_d) : cache(_c), key(_k), data(_d) {}
      };
    };
    

    通过sysobj_cache_svc 服务提供chain cache:
    将chain_entry添加到chained cache,并和cache_info_entries 指向的ObjectCacheEntry相关联。

      bool RGWChainedCache::put(RGWSI_SysObj_Cache *svc, const string& key, T *entry,
    	   std::initializer_list<rgw_cache_entry_info *> cache_info_entries) {
        if (!svc) {
          return false;
        }
    
        Entry chain_entry(this, key, entry);
    
        /* we need the svc cache to call us under its lock to maintain lock ordering */
        return svc->chain_cache_entry(cache_info_entries, &chain_entry);
      }
    
    bool ObjectCache::chain_cache_entry(std::initializer_list<rgw_cache_entry_info*> cache_info_entries, RGWChainedCache::Entry *chained_entry)
    {
      // 确认所有有效ObjectCacheEntry
    ......
      // 将待添加entry添加到对应chain cache中
      chained_entry->cache->chain_cb(chained_entry->key, chained_entry->data);
    
      // 将chained entry关联到指定的所有有效的ObjectCacheEntry
      for (auto entry : entries) {
        entry->chained_entries.push_back(make_pair(chained_entry->cache,
    					       chained_entry->key));
      }
    ......
    }
    

    chained cache 依赖于ObjectCache,

    更新ObjectCache的成员 vector<RGWChainedCache *> chained_cache:

    void ObjectCache::chain_cache(RGWChainedCache *cache);
    void ObjectCache::unchain_cache(RGWChainedCache *cache);
    

    RGW Cache 优化方向

    前面的测试系统的cache 命中率:"cache_hit": 336,"cache_miss": 135, 336/(336+135)*100% = 71%
    缓存系统适合读多写少的场景。如何在这种场景下,提高RGW Cache 的命中率,以下方向可以考虑:

    • 将缓存粒度设计的更细?
    • 增大缓存容量(这个已经可以根据实际配置)

    References

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dengchj/p/12245852.html
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