图 6.1
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np x=np.linspace(-2*np.pi, 2*np.pi, 200) y=np.sin(x) y1=np.cos(x) plt.subplot(121) plt.plot(x, y) plt.subplot(122) plt.plot(x, y1) plt.show()
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图 6.2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np radii=np.linspace(0, 1, 100) theta=2*np.pi*radii ax=plt.subplot(111, polar=True) ax.plot(theta, radii, color='r', linestyle='-', linewidth=2) plt.show()
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图 6.3
import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np radii=30*np.random.rand(100) theta=2*np.pi*np.random.rand(100) colors=np.random.rand(100) size=50*radii ax=plt.subplot(111, polar=True) ax.scatter(theta, radii, s=size, c=colors, cmap=mpl.cm.PuOr, marker='*') plt.show()
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图 6.4
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np fig=plt.figure() x=np.linspace(0.0, 2*np.pi) y=np.cos(x)*np.sin(x) ax1=fig.add_subplot(121) ax1.margins(0.03) ax1.plot(x, y, ls='-', lw=2, color='b') ax2=fig.add_subplot(222) ax2.margins(0.7, 0.7) ax2.plot(x, y, ls='-', lw=2, color='r') ax3=fig.add_subplot(224) ax3.margins(x=0.1, y=0.3) ax3.plot(x, y, ls='-', lw=2, color='g') plt.show()
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图 6.5
import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=['SimHei'] mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"]=False plt.subplot2grid((2, 3), (0, 0), colspan=2) x=np.linspace(0.0, 4.0, 100) y=np.random.randn(100) plt.scatter(x, y, c="c") plt.title("散点图", fontsize=10) plt.subplot2grid((2, 3), (0, 2)) plt.title("空白绘图区域", fontsize=10) plt.subplot2grid((2, 3), (1, 0), colspan=3) x=np.linspace(0.0, 4.0, 100) y1=np.sin(x) plt.plot(x, y1, lw=2, ls="-") plt.xlim(0, 3) plt.grid(True, ls=":", c='r') plt.title("折线图", fontsize=10) plt.suptitle("subplot2grid()函数的实例展示", fontsize=15) plt.show()
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图 6.6
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec fig=plt.figure() gs=GridSpec(2, 2) box={"facecolor":"lightgreen", "pad":3, "alpha":0.2} x1=np.arange(0, 1e5, 500) ax1=fig.add_subplot(gs[0, :], facecolor="yellowgreen") ax1.plot(x1, "k--", lw=2) ax1.set_ylabel("YLabel0,0-1", bbox=box) ax1.set_xlabel("XLabel0,0-1", bbox=box) ax1.yaxis.set_label_coords(-0.1, 0.5) x2=np.linspace(0, 1000, 10) y2=np.arange(1, 11, 1) ax2=fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 0], facecolor="cornflowerblue") ax2.scatter(x2, y2, s=20, c="grey", marker="s", linewidths=2, edgecolors="k") ax2.set_ylabel("YLabel10", bbox=box) ax2.set_xlabel("XLabel10", bbox=box) for ticklabel in ax2.get_xticklabels(): ticklabel.set_rotation(45) ax2.yaxis.set_label_coords(-0.25, 0.5) ax2.xaxis.set_label_coords(0.5, -0.25) x3=np.linspace(0, 10, 100) y3=np.exp(-x3) ax3=fig.add_subplot(gs[1, 1]) ax3.errorbar(x3, y3, fmt="b-", yerr=0.6*y3, ecolor="lightsteelblue", elinewidth=2, capsize=0, errorevery=5) ax3.set_ylabel("YLabel11", bbox=box) ax3.set_xlabel("XLabel11", bbox=box) ax3.xaxis.set_label_coords(0.5, -0.25) ax3.set_ylim(-0.1, 1.1) ax3.set_yticks(np.arange(0, 1.1, 0.1)) gs.tight_layout(fig) plt.show()
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图 6.7
import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["FangSong"] mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"]=False font_style=dict(fontsize=18, weight="black") x=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 500) y=np.sin(x)*np.cos(x) fig, ax=plt.subplots(1, 1, subplot_kw=dict(facecolor="cornflowerblue")) ax.plot(x, y, "k--", lw=2) ax.set_xlabel("时间（秒）", **font_style) ax.set_ylabel("振幅", **font_style) ax.set_title("简单折线图", **font_style) ax.set_xlim(0, 2*np.pi) ax.set_ylim(-0.65, 0.65) ax.grid(ls=":", lw=1, color="gray", alpha=0.8) plt.show()
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图 6.8
import matplotlib as mpl import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np mpl.rcParams["font.sans-serif"]=["FangSong"] mpl.rcParams["axes.unicode_minus"]=False font_style=dict(fontsize=18, weight="black") x=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 500) y=np.sin(x)*np.exp(-x) fig, ax=plt.subplots(1, 2, sharey=True) ax1=ax[0] ax1.plot(x, y, "k--", lw=2) ax1.set_title("折线图") ax1.grid(ls=":", lw=1, color="gray", alpha=0.8) ax2=ax[1] ax2.scatter(x, y, s=10, c="skyblue", marker="o") ax2.set_title("散点图") plt.suptitle("创建一张画布和两个子区的绘图模式", **font_style) plt.show()
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图 6.9
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np fig, ax=plt.subplots(2, 3) colors=["#8dd3c7", "#ffffb3", "#bebada"] ax[0, 0].bar([1, 2, 3], [0.6, 0.2, 0.8], color=colors, width=0.5, hatch="///", align="center") ax[0, 0].errorbar([1, 2, 3], [0.6, 0.2, 0.8], yerr=0.1, capsize=0, ecolor="#377eb8", fmt="o:") ax[0, 0].set_ylim(0, 1.0) ax[0, 1].errorbar([1, 2, 3], [20, 30, 36], xerr=2, ecolor="#4daf4a", elinewidth=2, fmt="s", label="ETN") ax[0, 1].legend(loc=3, fancybox=True, shadow=True, fontsize=10, borderaxespad=0.4) ax[0, 1].set_ylim(10, 40) ax[0, 1].set_xlim(-2, 6) ax[0, 1].grid(ls=":", lw=1, color="grey", alpha=0.5) x3=np.arange(1, 10, 0.5) y3=np.cos(x3) ax[0, 2].stem(x3, y3, basefmt="r-", linefmt="b-.", markerfmt="bo", label="life signal") ax[0, 2].legend(loc=2, fontsize=7, frameon=False, borderpad=0.0, borderaxespad=0.6) ax[0, 2].set_xlim(0, 11) ax[0, 2].set_ylim(-1.1, 1.1) x4=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 500) x4_1=np.linspace(0, 2*np.pi, 1000) y4=np.cos(x4)*np.exp(-x4) y4_1=np.sin(2*x4_1) line1, line2=ax[1, 0].plot(x4, y4, "k--", x4_1, y4_1, "r-", lw=2) ax[1, 0].legend((line1, line2), ("energy", "patience"), loc="upper center", fontsize=6, ncol=2, framealpha=0.3, mode="expand", columnspacing=2, borderpad=0.1) ax[1, 0].set_ylim(-2, 2) ax[1, 0].set_xlim(0, 2*np.pi) x5=np.random.rand(100) ax[1, 1].boxplot(x5, vert=False, showmeans=True, meanprops=dict(color="g")) ax[1, 1].set_yticks([]) ax[1, 1].set_xlim(-1.1, 1.1) ax[1, 1].set_ylabel("Micro SD Card") ax[1, 1].text(-1.0, 1.2, "net weight", fontsize=15, style="italic", weight="black", family="monospace") mu=0.0 sigma=1.0 x6=np.random.randn(10000) n, bins, patches=ax[1, 2].hist(x6, bins=30, histtype="stepfilled", cumulative=True, normed=True, color="cornflowerblue", label="Test") y=((1/(np.sqrt(2*np.pi)*sigma))*np.exp(-0.5*(1/sigma*(bins-mu))**2)) y=y.cumsum() y/=y[-1] ax[1, 2].plot(bins, y, "r--", linewidth=1.5, label="Theory") ax[1, 2].set_ylim(0.0, 1.1) ax[1, 2].grid(ls=":", lw=1, color="grey", alpha=0.5) ax[1, 2].legend(loc="upper left", fontsize=8, shadow=True, fancybox=True, framealpha=0.8) plt.subplots_adjust() plt.show()
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