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  • DLL 函数中使用结构体指针作函数参数(C# 调用 C++ 的 DLL)

    存在的问题:

    问题1:C++ 与 C# 同样定义的结构体在内存布局上有时并不一致;

    问题2:C# 中引入了垃圾自动回收机制,垃圾回收器可能会重新定位指针所指向的结构体变量。

    解决方案:

    问题1方案:强制指定 C++、C# 结构体的内存布局,使其一致(两者都固定为:结构体的成员按其声明时出现的顺序依次布局结构体成员的内存对齐为1字节对齐);

    为题2方案:C# 调用时将待传递的结构体转化为字节数组,并使用 fixed 语句将该字节数组固定住。

    示例代码如下:

    1、C++结构体定义:

      #pragma pack(1)
      struct Person
      {
          #define Count_FavoriteNumbers 6
      
          int id;
      
          float favoriteNumbers[Count_FavoriteNumbers];
      
      };
      #pragma pack()        // #pragma pack(1) end

      C++ 导出函数:

      #define DllExport extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)

      DllExport void __stdcall InitPersonInfo_DLL(Person* p_Person)
      {
          p_Person->id = 0;
      
          for (int i = 1; i <= Count_FavoriteNumbers; i++)
          {
              p_Person->favoriteNumbers[i - 1] = 1.11 * i;
          }    
      }

    2、C# 结构体定义:

      [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, Pack = 1)]
          public class Person
          {
              public const int Count_FavoriteNumbers = 6;

              public int id;

              [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, SizeConst = Count_FavoriteNumbers, ArraySubType = UnmanagedType.U4)]
              public float[] favoriteNumbers = new float[Count_FavoriteNumbers];  
          }

      C# 调用(WPF窗体程序):

      public partial class MainWindow : Window
      {

        [DllImport("MFCLibrary_ExportFunction.dll", EntryPoint = "InitPersonInfo_DLL")]
              static extern unsafe void InitPersonInfo_DLL(byte* p_Person);
              public unsafe void InitPersonInfo(ref Person person)
              {
                  byte[] structBytes = StructToBytes(person);
                  fixed (byte* p_Person = &structBytes[0])
                  {
                      InitPersonInfo_DLL(p_Person);

                      person = (Person)BytesToStruct(structBytes, person.GetType());
                  }

        public MainWindow()
              {
          InitializeComponent();

          Person zhangSan = new Person();
          InitPersonInfo(ref zhangSan);
              }

        #region // 结构体与 byte[] 互转

        // Struct 转换为 byte[]
              public static byte[] StructToBytes(object structure)
              {
                  int size = Marshal.SizeOf(structure);
                  IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);

                  try
                  {
                      Marshal.StructureToPtr(structure, buffer, false);
                      byte[] bytes = new byte[size];
                      Marshal.Copy(buffer, bytes, 0, size);

                      return bytes;
                  }
                  finally
                  {
                      Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer);
                  }
              }

              // byte[] 转换为 Struct
              public static object BytesToStruct(byte[] bytes, Type strcutType)
              {
                  int size = Marshal.SizeOf(strcutType);
                  IntPtr buffer = Marshal.AllocHGlobal(size);

                  try
                  {
                      Marshal.Copy(bytes, 0, buffer, size);

                      return Marshal.PtrToStructure(buffer, strcutType);
                  }
                  finally
                  {
                      Marshal.FreeHGlobal(buffer);
                  }
              }
              #endregion

      }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dhqy/p/10192062.html
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