Spring与Quartz的整合实现定时任务调度 以及crontab的用法

最近在研究Spring中的定时任务功能，最好的办法当然是使用Quartz来实现。对于一个新手来说，花了我不少时间，这里我写个笔记，给大家参考。 
我使用的是Maven来管理项目，需要的Jar包我给大家贴出来。 
quartz-1.8.5.jar 
commons-logging.jar 
spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar 
Maven的pom.xml的配置： 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>QtzTest</groupId>
    <artifactId>QtzTest</artifactId>
    <version>1.0</version>

    <properties>
        <springframework.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</springframework.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
            <artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>${project.artifactId}</finalName>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
                <artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>7.5.4.v20111024</version>
                <configuration>
                    <scanIntervalSeconds>10</scanIntervalSeconds>
                    <webApp>
                        <contextPath>/${project.artifactId}</contextPath>
                    </webApp>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

特别注意一点，与Spring3.1以下版本整合必须使用Quartz1，最初我拿2.1.3的，怎么搞都报错： 
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Error loading class [org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean] for bean with name 'mytrigger' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: problem with class file or dependent class; nested exception is java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean has interface org.quartz.CronTrigger as super class 

查看发现spring3.0.5中org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean继承了org.quartz.CronTrigger（public class CronTriggerBeanextends CronTrigger），而在quartz2.1.3中org.quartz.CronTrigger是个接口（publicabstract interface CronTrigger extends Trigger），而在quartz1.8.5及1.8.4中org.quartz.CronTrigger是个类（publicclass CronTrigger extends Trigger），从而造成无法在applicationContext中配置触发器。这是spring3.1以下版本和quartz2版本不兼容的一个bug。（感谢tiren的回复，spring3.1以及以后版本支持quartz2） 

在Spring中使用Quartz有两种方式实现：第一种是任务类继承QuartzJobBean，第二种则是在配置文件里定义任务类和要执行的方法，类和方法仍然是普通类。很显然，第二种方式远比第一种方式来的灵活。 

第一种方式的JAVA代码： 

package com.ncs.hj;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

public class SpringQtz extends QuartzJobBean{
    private static int counter = 0;
    protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext context) throws JobExecutionException {
        System.out.println();
        long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("		" + new Date(ms));
        System.out.println(ms);
        System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
        String s = (String) context.getMergedJobDataMap().get("service");
        System.out.println(s);
        System.out.println();
    }
}

第二种方式的JAVA代码： 

package com.ncs.hj;

import org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;
import org.quartz.JobExecutionException;
import org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;

import java.util.Date;

public class SpringQtz {
    private static int counter = 0;
    protected void execute()  {
        long ms = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("		" + new Date(ms));
        System.out.println("(" + counter++ + ")");
    }
}

Spring的配置文件： 

<!------------ 配置调度程序quartz ，其中配置JobDetail有两种方式-------------->
<!--方式一：使用JobDetailBean，任务类必须实现Job接口 -->
<bean id="myjob" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean">
<property name="name" value="exampleJob"></property>
<property name="jobClass" value="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"></property>
<property name="jobDataAsMap">
<map>
<entry key="service"><value>simple is the beat</value></entry>
</map>
;/property>
</bean>
<!--运行时请将方式一注释掉！ -->
<!-- 方式二：使用MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean，任务类可以不实现Job接口，通过targetMethod指定调用方法-->
<!-- 定义目标bean和bean中的方法 -->
<bean id="SpringQtzJob" class="com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz"/>
<bean id="SpringQtzJobMethod" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="targetObject">
<ref bean="SpringQtzJob"/>
</property>
<property name="targetMethod">  <!-- 要执行的方法名称 -->
<value>execute</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- ======================== 调度触发器 ======================== -->
<bean id="CronTriggerBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="SpringQtzJobMethod"></property>
<property name="cronExpression" value="0/5 * * * * ?"></property>
</bean>
<!-- ======================== 调度工厂 ======================== -->
<bean id="SpringJobSchedulerFactoryBean" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean">
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="CronTriggerBean"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>