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  • 如何提高ASP.NET页面载入速度的方法

     

    前言

    本文是我对ASP.NET页面载入速度提高的一些做法,这些做法分为以下部分:

    1.采用 HTTP Module 控制页面的生命周期。

    2.自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)。

    3.页面GZIP压缩。

    4.OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存。

    5.删除页面空白字符串。(类似Google)

    6.完全删除ViewState。

    7.删除服务器控件生成的垃圾NamingContainer。

    8.使用计划任务按时生成页面。(本文不包含该做法的实现)

    9.JS,CSS压缩、合并、缓存,图片缓存。(限于文章篇幅,本文不包含该做法的实现)

    10.缓存破坏。(不包含第9做法的实现)

    针对上述做法,我们首先需要一个 HTTP 模块,它是整个页面流程的入口和核心。

    一、自定义Response.Filter得到输出流stream生成动态页面的静态内容(磁盘缓存)

    如下的代码我们可以看出,我们以 request.RawUrl 为缓存基础,因为它可以包含任意的QueryString变量,然后我们用MD5加密RawUrl 得到服务器本地文件名的变量,再实例化一个FileInfo操作该文件,如果文件最后一次生成时间小于7天,我们就使用.Net2.0新增的TransmitFile方法将存储文件的静态内容发送到浏览器。如果文件不存在,我们就操作 response.Filter 得到的 Stream 传递给 CommonFilter 类,并利用FileStream写入动态页面的内容到静态文件中。

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    namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules
    {
        public class CommonModule : IHttpModule
        {
            public void Init(HttpApplication application)
            {
                application.BeginRequest += Application_BeginRequest;
            }
            private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
            {
                var context= HttpContext.Current; 
                var request = context.Request; 
                var url = request.RawUrl;
                var response = context.Response; 
                var path = GetPath(url); 
                var file = new FileInfo(path); 
                if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalDays < 7)
                {
                    response.TransmitFile(path); 
                    response.End();
                    return;
                
                try
                {
                    var stream = file.OpenWrite();
                    response.Filter= new CommonFilter(response.Filter, stream);
                }
                catch (Exception)
                {
                    Log.Insert("");
                }
            
            public void Dispose() { }
            private static string GetPath(string url)
            {
                var hash = Hash(url); 
                string fold = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Temp/"); 
                return string.Concat(fold, hash);
            }
            private static string Hash(string url)
            {
                url = url.ToUpperInvariant(); 
                var md5 = new System.Security.Cryptography.MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
                var bs = md5.ComputeHash(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(url)); 
                var s = new StringBuilder();
                foreach (var b in bs)
                {
                    s.Append(b.ToString("x2").ToLower());
                }
                return s.ToString();
            }
        }
    }

    二、页面GZIP压缩

    对页面GZIP压缩几乎是每篇讲解高性能WEB程序的几大做法之一,因为使用GZIP压缩可以降低服务器发送的字节数,能让客户感觉到网页的速度更快也减少了对带宽的使用情况。当然,这里也存在客户端的浏览器是否支持它。因此,我们要做的是,如果客户端支持GZIP,我们就发送GZIP压缩过的内容,如果不支持,我们直接发送静态文件的内容。幸运的是,现代浏览器IE6.7.8.0,火狐等都支持GZIP。

    为了实现这个功能,我们需要改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件:

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    private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        var context = HttpContext.Current;
        var request = context.Request;
        var url = request.RawUrl;
        var response = context.Response;
        var path = GetPath(url);
        var file = new FileInfo(path);
        // 使用页面压缩 ResponseCompressionType compressionType = this.GetCompressionMode(request ); 
        if (compressionType != ResponseCompressionType.None)
        {
            response.AppendHeader("Content-Encoding", compressionType.ToString().ToLower());
            if (compressionType == ResponseCompressionType.GZip)
            {
                response.Filter = new GZipStream(response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress);
            }
            else
            {
                response.Filter = new DeflateStream(response.Filter, CompressionMode.Compress);
            }
        }
        if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalMinutes < 5)
        {
            response.TransmitFile(path);
            response.End();
            return;
        }
        try
        {
            var stream = file.OpenWrite();
            response.Filter = new CommonFilter(response.Filter, stream);
        }
        catch (Exception)
        {
            //Log.Insert(""); 
        }
    }
    private ResponseCompressionType GetCompressionMode(HttpRequest request)
    {
        string acceptEncoding = request.Headers["Accept-Encoding"];
        if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(acceptEncoding))
            return ResponseCompressionType.None;
        acceptEncoding = acceptEncoding.ToUpperInvariant();
        if (acceptEncoding.Contains("GZIP"))
            return ResponseCompressionType.GZip;
        else if (acceptEncoding.Contains("DEFLATE"))
            return ResponseCompressionType.Deflate;
        else
            return ResponseCompressionType.None;
    }
    private enum ResponseCompressionType { None, GZip, Deflate }

    三、OutputCache 编程方式输出页面缓存

    ASP.NET内置的 OutputCache 缓存可以将内容缓存在三个地方:Web服务器、代理服务器和浏览器。当用户访问一个被设置为 OutputCache的页面时,ASP.NET在MSIL之后,先将结果写入output cache缓存,然后在发送到浏览器,当用户访问同一路径的页面时,ASP.NET将直接发送被Cache的内容,而不经过.aspx编译以及执行MSIL的过程,所以,虽然程序的本身效率没有提升,但是页面载入速度却得到了提升。

    为了实现这个功能,我们继续改写上面的 Application_BeginRequest 事件,我们在 TransmitFile 后,将这个路径的页面以OutputCache编程的方式缓存起来:

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    private void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e)
    { //.............
        if (DateTime.Now.Subtract(file.LastWriteTime).TotalMinutes < 5)
        {
            response.TransmitFile(
                path);
            // 添加 OutputCache 缓存头,并缓存在客户端 
            response.Cache.SetExpires(DateTime.Now.AddMinutes(
        5));
            response.Cache.SetCacheability(HttpCacheability.Public);
            response.End();
            return;
        }
        //............ 
    }

    四、实现CommonFilter类过滤ViewState、过滤NamingContainer、空白字符串,以及生成磁盘的缓存文件

    我们传入response.Filter的Stream对象给CommonFilter类:

    首先,我们用先Stream的Write方法实现生成磁盘的缓存文件,代码如下,在这些代码中,只有初始化构造函数,Write方法,Close方式是有用的,其中FileStream字段是生成静态文件的操作对象:

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    namespace ASPNET_CL.Code.HttpModules
    {
        public class CommonFilter : Stream
        {
            private readonly Stream _responseStream;
            private readonly FileStream _cacheStream;
            public override bool CanRead
            {
                get
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            public override bool CanSeek
            {
                get
                {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            public override bool CanWrite
            {
                get
                {
                    return _responseStream.CanWrite;
                }
            }
            public override long Length
            {
                get
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException();
                }
            }
            public override long Position
            {
                get
                {
                    throw new NotSupportedException();
                }
                set
                {
                    throw
                        new NotSupportedException();
                }
            }
            public CommonFilter(Stream responseStream, FileStream stream)
            {
                _responseStream = responseStream;
                _cacheStream = stream;
            }
            public override long Seek(long offset, SeekOrigin origin)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }
            public override void SetLength(long length)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }
            public override int Read(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
            {
                throw new NotSupportedException();
            }
            public override void Flush()
            {
                _responseStream.Flush();
                _cacheStream.Flush();
            }
            public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
            {
                _cacheStream.Write(
                    buffer, offset, count);
                _responseStream.Write(buffer, offset, count);
            }
            public override void Close()
            {
                _responseStream.Close();
                _cacheStream.Close();
            }
            protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
            {
                if (disposing)
                {
                    _responseStream.Dispose();
                    _cacheStream.Dispose();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    然后我们利用正则完全删除ViewState:

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    // 过滤ViewState 
    private string ViewStateFilter(string strHTML)
    {
        string matchString1 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__VIEWSTATE\" id=\"__VIEWSTATE\"";
        string matchString2 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTVALIDATION\" id=\"__EVENTVALIDATION\"";
        stringmatchString3 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTTARGET\" id=\"__EVENTTARGET\"";
        stringmatchString4 = "type=\"hidden\" name=\"__EVENTARGUMENT\" id=\"__EVENTARGUMENT\"";
        string positiveLookahead1 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString1) + "))";
        stringpositiveLookahead2 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString2) + "))";
        string positiveLookahead3 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString3) + "))";
        string positiveLookahead4 = "(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape(matchString4) + "))";
        RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;
        Regex[] arrRe = new Regex[] { new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead1 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead2 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead3 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt), new Regex("\\s*<div>" + positiveLookahead4 + "(.*?)</div>\\s*", opt) };
        foreach (Regex re in arrRe)
        {
            strHTML = re.Replace(strHTML, "");
        
        return strHTML;
    }

    以下是删除页面空白的方法:

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    // 删除空白 
    private Regex tabsRe = new Regex("\\t", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
    private Regex carriageReturnRe = new Regex(">\\r\\n<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
    private Regex carriageReturnSafeRe = new Regex("\\r\\n", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
    private Regex multipleSpaces = new Regex(" ", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
    private Regex spaceBetweenTags = new Regex(">\\s<", RegexOptions.Compiled | RegexOptions.Multiline);
    private string WhitespaceFilter(string html)
    {
        html = tabsRe.Replace(html, string.Empty);
        html = carriageReturnRe.Replace(html, "><");
     
        html = carriageReturnSafeRe.Replace(html, " ");
        while (multipleSpaces.IsMatch(html))
            html = multipleSpaces.Replace(html, " ");
        html = spaceBetweenTags.Replace(html, "><");
        html = html.Replace("//<![CDATA[", "");
        html = html.Replace("//]]>", "");
        return html;
    }

    以下是删除ASP.NET控件的垃圾UniqueID名称方法:

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    // 过滤NamingContainer 
    private string NamingContainerFilter(string html)
    {
        RegexOptions opt = RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.CultureInvariant | RegexOptions.Compiled;
        Regex re = new Regex("( name=\")(?=.*(" + Regex.Escape("$") + "))([^\"]+?)(\")", opt);
        html = re.Replace(html, new MatchEvaluator(delegate(Match m)
        {
            int lastDollarSignIndex = m.Value.LastIndexOf('$');
            if (lastDollarSignIndex >= 0)
            {
                return m.Groups[1].Value + m.Value.Substring(lastDollarSignIndex + 1);
            }
            else
            {
                return m.Value;
            }
        }));
        return html;
    }

    最后,我们把以上过滤方法整合到CommonFilter类的Write方法:

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    public override void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count)
    {
        // 转换buffer为字符串
        byte[] data = new byte[count];
        Buffer.BlockCopy(buffer, offset, data, 0, count);
        string html = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(buffer);
        // 以下整合过滤方法 
        html = NamingContainerFilter(html);
        html = ViewStateFilter(html);
        html = WhitespaceFilter(html);
        byte[] outdata = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(html);
        // 写入磁盘 
        _cacheStream.Write(outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength(0));
        _responseStream.Write(outdata, 0, outdata.GetLength(0));
    }

    五、缓存破坏

    经过以上程序的实现,网页已经被高速缓存在客户端了,如果果用户访问网站被缓存过的页面,则页面会以0请求的速度加载页面。但是,如果后台更新了某些数据,前台用户则不能及时看到最新的数据,因此要改变这种情况,我们必须破坏缓存。根据我们如上的程序,我们破坏缓存只需要做2步:更新服务器上的临时文件,删除OutputCache过的页面。

    更新服务器上的文件我们只需删除这个文件即可,当某一用户第一次访问该页面时会自动生成,当然,你也可以用程序先删除后生成:

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       // 更新文件 
    foreach (var file in Directory.GetFiles(HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPath + "Temp"))
       {
           File.Delete(file);
       }

    要删除OutputCache关联的缓存项,代码如下,我们只需要保证该方法的参数,指页面的绝对路径是正确的,路径不能使用../这样的相对路径:

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    // 删除缓存  
    HttpResponse.RemoveOutputCacheItem( "/Default.aspx" );

    到此,我们实现了针对一个页面的性能,重点是载入速度的提高的一些做法,希望对大家有用~!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dingdingmao/p/3146621.html
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