HIVE常用SQL语句及语法

HIVE建内部表语句

create table dll102.sougou
(id string,pwd string,name string,count int,seqno int,address string)
 row format delimited fields terminated by '	' ;

创建字段中含有数组类型，对象类型的表，并查询特殊字段

 

 

 外部表默认 存在HDFS下的  ‘/user/hadoop/指定路径’

 将本地文件加载到HIVE

load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/sgtest' into table sougou;

 查看表结构

 desc formatted  emp;[table_name]；

  常用SQL语句 

// 创建内部表 student        
create table student(id int, name string, sex string, age int, department string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','               //行分隔符用 lines
stored as textfile;
 
// 从本地导入数据
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt' into table student;
 
// 查询数据
select id, name, sex, age, department from student;
 
// 创建一个external表
create external table ext_student(id int, name string, sex string, age int, department string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
location '/ext_student';
 
// 导入数据
hadoop  fs -put student.txt /ext_student;
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/mingxing.txt' into table ext_student;
 
// 查询数据
select id, name ,sex, age , department from ext_student;
 
// 创建内部表引用外部路径
create table mng_student(id int, name string, sex string, age int, department string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
location '/ext_student';
 
// 创建分区表
create table ptn_student(id int, name string, sex string, age int, department string)
partitioned by(code string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
 
// 往分区表导入数据
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt' into table ptn_student partition(code='112233');
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt' into table ptn_student1 partition(code='335566');

//Hive表数据导出到HDSF
export table table_name to '/test/xx';

//Hive查询结果的导出
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/bigdata/export/student' select * from student;

insert overwrite local directory '/opt/bigdata/export/student' row format delimited fields terminated by ',' select * from student;

有local指的是导出到本地  ，没有local 导出到HDFS

// 创建多字段分区表
create table ptn_student1(id int, name string, sex string, age int, department string)
partitioned by(code string, province string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
 
// 往多分区表导入数据，需指定两个分区字段值
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt'
into table ptn_student1 partition(code='335566', province='beijing');
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt'
into table ptn_student1 partition(code='335566', province='tianjing');
load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/student.txt'
into table ptn_student1 partition(code='kk', province='tianjing');
 
// 创建分桶表
create table bck_student(id int, name string, sex string, age int, department string)
clustered by(department) into 4 buckets
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
 
// 重命名表
alter table student rename to studentss;
 
// 修改表的字段
alter table studentss add columns(abc string, efg int);
 
// 删除表的字段，有一些问题。drop字段有问题。不确定能不能执行成功
alter table studentss drop column efg;  
 
// 修改表的字段
alter table studentss change abc code int;
 
// 修改表的字段，并且改变字段的位置
alter table studentss change efg province string after name;
 
// 替换所有字段
alter table studentss replace columns(id int, name string, sex string ,
age int , department string);
 
// 删除表
drop table bck_student;
drop table if exists bck_student;
 
// 添加分区
alter table ptn_student add partition(code='445566');
alter table ptn_student add partition(code='445566') partition(code='778899');
 
// 删除分区
alter table ptn_student drop partition(code='445566');
 
// insert  ...  select .....
insert into table student select id, name, sex, age, department from studentss where department = 'MA';
 
// 以下两句操作是为多重插入准备两张表
create table student11(id int, name string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
stored as textfile;
 
create table student22(sex string, age int, department string)
row format delimited fields terminated by ','
stored as textfile;
 
// 多重插入
from studentss
insert into table student11 select id, name
insert into table student22 select sex, age, department;
 
// 静态分区插入
load data local inpath 'student.txt' into table ptn_student partition(code='112233');
 
// 动态分区插入
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition=true;
set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;
insert into table d_student partition(age) select id, name, sex, department,age from studentss;
 
// 创建一个分区表，为上面的动态分区做准备的
create table d_student(id int, name string, sex string ,department string)
partitioned by(age int)
row format delimited fields terminated by ',';
 
// CTAS
create table my_student as select id, name , sex, age, department from studentss;
 
//  like
create table like_student like studentss;
 
// insert导出hive表数据到本地
insert overwrite local directory '/home/hadoop/myoutput'
select id, name, sex, age, department from studentss;