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  • Codeforces Edu Round 54 A-E

    A. Minimizing the String

    很明显,贪心之比较从前往后第一个不一样的字符,所以可以从前往后考虑每一位,如果把它删除,他这一位就变成(str[i + 1]),所以只要(str[i] > str[i + 1]),删除后一定是最优的。

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cstring>
    using namespace std;
    const int N = 200010;
    int n;
    char str[N];
    int main(){
        scanf("%d%s", &n, str + 1);
        for(int i = 1; i < n; i++){
            if(str[i] > str[i + 1]){
                for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                    if(j != i) printf("%c", str[j]);
                return 0;
            }
        }
        for(int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            printf("%c", str[i]);
        return 0;
    }
    

    B. Divisor Subtraction

    单纯暴力可以会超时,考虑到所有偶数的最小质因子都是(2),故可以分类讨论,对于一个数(x)

    1. (x \% 2 = 0),则每次的(d = 2),操作次数为(x / 2)
    2. (x)为质数,最小质因子 $ = x(,)x - x = 0$,操作次数为(1)
    3. (x)为奇合数,则其的质因子必然也是奇数,这样((x - d) \% 2 = 0),可以返回第一步求解。

    C. Meme Problem

    按照题意,将式子化成一个一元二次方程,接着依照求根公式求解即可。

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <cmath>
    using namespace std;
    int d;
    int main(){
        int T; scanf("%d", &T);
        while(T--){
            scanf("%d", &d);
            double a, b, delta;
            delta = d * d - 4 * d;
            if(delta < 0) puts("N");
            else delta = sqrt(delta), printf("Y %.9f %.9f
    ", (delta + d) / 2, (-delta + d) / 2);
        }
        return 0;
    }
    

    D. Edge Deletion

    可以先用(Dijkstra)跑一棵最短路的树,然后贪心,从节点(1)开始(Bfs),选择(K)条边即可。

    (PS:没开(long) (long)被卡(Wa)(N)次)

    #include <cstdio>
    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstring>
    #include <queue>
    #include <algorithm>
    #include <vector>
    using namespace std;
    typedef long long LL;
    typedef pair<LL, int> PLI;
    
    const int N = 300010, M = 300010;
    const LL INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
    int n, m, k, numE = 1, head[N], fa[N], faEdge[N];
    bool vis[N];
    vector<int> G[N], ans;
    LL dis[N];
    priority_queue<PLI, vector<PLI>, greater<PLI> > q;
    queue<int> Q;
    struct Edge{
        int next, to;
        LL dis;
    }e[M << 1];
    void addEdge(int from, int to, int dis){
        e[++numE].next = head[from];
        e[numE].to = to;
        e[numE].dis = dis;
        head[from] = numE;
    }
    void Dijkstra(){
        memset(dis, 0x3f, sizeof dis);
        
        q.push(make_pair(0, 1)); dis[1] = 0;
        while(!q.empty()){
            PLI u = q.top(); q.pop();
            if(vis[u.second]) continue;
            vis[u.second] = true;
            for(int i = head[u.second]; i; i = e[i].next){
                int v = e[i].to;
                if(dis[u.second] + e[i].dis < dis[v]){
                    dis[v] = dis[u.second] + e[i].dis;
                    fa[v] = u.second, faEdge[v] = i >> 1;
                    q.push(make_pair(dis[v], v));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    void Bfs(){
        
        Q.push(1);
        while((!Q.empty()) && k > 0){
            int u = Q.front(); Q.pop();
            for(int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); i++){
                int v = G[u][i]; k--;
                ans.push_back(faEdge[v]);
                Q.push(v);
                if(!k) return; 
            }
        }
    }
    int main(){
        scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &k);
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++){
            int u, v, w; scanf("%d%d%d", &u, &v, &w);
            addEdge(u, v, w); addEdge(v, u, w);
        }
        Dijkstra();
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)  
            if(fa[i]) G[fa[i]].push_back(i);
        Bfs();
        printf("%d
    ", (int)ans.size());
        for(int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i++)
            printf("%d ", ans[i]);
        return 0;
    }
    

    E. Vasya and a Tree

    考虑用树状数组维护和,现在的修改类似于"树上扫描线"的东西,因为遍历到子树之前一定会dfs到它的祖先,所以在祖先的区间处理时,进入就加上,退出就剪掉...

    #include <iostream>
    #include <cstdio>
    #include <vector>
    using namespace std;
    const int N = 3 * 1e5 + 5;
    typedef long long ll;
    struct Edge{
    	int next,to;
    }e[N * 2];
    int n,m,head[N],numE=0;
    ll c[N],ans[N];
    vector<pair<int,int> > T[N];
    void addEdge(int from,int to){
    	e[++numE].next = head[from];
    	e[numE].to = to;
    	head[from] = numE;
    }
    ll ask(int x){
    	ll ans = 0; 
    	for(;x;x-=x&-x)ans += c[x];
    	return ans;
    }
    void add(int x,ll k){
    	for(;x<=n;x+=x&-x)c[x] += k;
    }
    void dfs(int u,int last,int dep){
    	for(int i=0;i<T[u].size();i++){
    		int d = T[u][i].first;
    		ll x = T[u][i].second;
    		add(dep,x);
    		add(dep + d + 1,-x);
    	}
    	ans[u] = ask(dep);
    	for(int i = head[u];i;i=e[i].next){
    		int v = e[i].to;
    		if(v == last)continue;
    		dfs(v,u,dep + 1);
    	}
    	for(int i=0;i<T[u].size();i++){
    		int d = T[u][i].first;
    		ll x = T[u][i].second;
    		add(dep,-x);
    		add(dep + d + 1,+x);
    	}
    }
    int main() {
    	scanf("%d",&n);
    	for(int i=2;i<=n;i++){
    		int x,y;
    		scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
    		addEdge(x,y);
    		addEdge(y,x);
    	}
    	scanf("%d",&m);
    	for(int i=1;i<=m;i++){
    		int v,d,x;
    		scanf("%d%d%d",&v,&d,&x);
    		T[v].push_back(make_pair(d,x));
    	} 
    	dfs(1,0,1);
    	for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
    		printf("%lld ",ans[i]);
    	}
    	return 0;
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/dmoransky/p/11278278.html
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