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  • Linux学习(二十)软件安装与卸载(三)源码包安装

    一、概述

    源码包安装的优点在于它自由程度比较高,可以指定目录与组件。再有,你要是能改源码也可以。

    二、安装方法

    步骤

    1.从官网或者信任站点下载源码包

    [root@localhost ~]# wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz

    2.把下载的安装包解压到/usr/local/src目录下

    tar zxvf httpd-2.2.34.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/

    3.编译

    在编译之前,我们看看INSTALL文件和README文件。

    less INSTALL
    #文件里有安装的方法
     $ ./configure --prefix=PREFIX
         $ make
         $ make install
         $ PREFIX/bin/apachectl start
    
         NOTES: * Replace PREFIX with the filesystem path under which 
                  Apache should be installed.  A typical installation
                  might use "/usr/local/apache2" for PREFIX (without the
                  quotes).

    我们也可以使用./configure --help查看帮助。

    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --help
    `configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.
    
    Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
    
    To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
    VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.
    
    Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.
    
    Configuration:

    现在我们根据INSTALL文件里的提示安装。

    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/
    checking for chosen layout... Apache
    checking for working mkdir -p... yes
    checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    
    Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library ...
    
    checking for APR... reconfig
    configuring package in srclib/apr now
    checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    Configuring APR library
    Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
    checking for working mkdir -p... yes
    APR Version: 1.5.2
    checking for chosen layout... apr
    checking for gcc... no
    checking for cc... no
    checking for cl.exe... no
    configure: error: in `/usr/local/src/httpd-2.2.34/srclib/apr':
    configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
    See `config.log' for more details
    configure failed for srclib/apr

    使用echo $?命令查看上一步命令是否执行成功。

    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
    1

    1说明失败,0说明成功。

    在网上查了一下资料,说碰到这种情况安装gcc就好了。

    yum install -y gcc

    重新编译,然后看是否安装成功。

    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/
    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
    0

    输出0说明编译成功了。我们发现目录里生成了Makefile文件。我们用stat命令看一下。

    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# stat Makefile
      File: "Makefile"
      Size: 8954          Blocks: 24         IO Block: 4096   普通文件
    Device: 803h/2051d    Inode: 927753      Links: 1
    Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
    Access: 2017-11-10 18:42:24.171229769 +0800
    Modify: 2017-11-10 18:42:24.173229769 +0800
    Change: 2017-11-10 18:42:24.173229769 +0800

    是刚刚生成的。 

    有了Makefile之后,我们就可以执行编译了。编译命令是make。

    make

    make一般执行的时间比较长。等结束之后我们再用echo $?看看是否成功。

    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
    0

    make成功了。

    4.安装

    安装的命令也很简单:make install。

    make install
    [root@localhost httpd-2.2.34]# echo $?
    0

    说明最后一步也成功了。

    三、总结

    编译安装的主要步骤是

    1.下载

    2.将文件解压到/usr/local/src/

    3.查看INSTALL文件和README文件,使用./configure --help查看帮助

    4.编译

    5.安装

    每一步执行后可以使用echo $?看看是否执行成功。

    坚持!
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/doubilaile/p/7813582.html
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