spring cloud feign

1、spring clound feign，实质上是一个封装了rest请求的客户端。调用方法的时候，就如同调用本地方法一样

2、spring clound feign 的源代码，主要分为两部分。

2.1  @EnableFeignClients 注解。主要的作用，是通过反射将相关的bean（有@FeignClient 注解修饰的ben）注入到spring的容器之中个，也就是一个map。

核心源代码如下：

@Override
    public void registerBeanDefinitions(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        registerDefaultConfiguration(metadata, registry);
        registerFeignClients(metadata, registry);
    }

    private void registerDefaultConfiguration(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        Map<String, Object> defaultAttrs = metadata
                .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName(), true);

        if (defaultAttrs != null && defaultAttrs.containsKey("defaultConfiguration")) {
            String name;
            if (metadata.hasEnclosingClass()) {
                name = "default." + metadata.getEnclosingClassName();
            }
            else {
                name = "default." + metadata.getClassName();
            }
            registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
                    defaultAttrs.get("defaultConfiguration"));
        }
    }

    public void registerFeignClients(AnnotationMetadata metadata,
            BeanDefinitionRegistry registry) {
        ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider scanner = getScanner();
        scanner.setResourceLoader(this.resourceLoader);

        Set<String> basePackages;

        Map<String, Object> attrs = metadata
                .getAnnotationAttributes(EnableFeignClients.class.getName());
        AnnotationTypeFilter annotationTypeFilter = new AnnotationTypeFilter(
                FeignClient.class);
        final Class<?>[] clients = attrs == null ? null
                : (Class<?>[]) attrs.get("clients");
        if (clients == null || clients.length == 0) {
            scanner.addIncludeFilter(annotationTypeFilter);
            basePackages = getBasePackages(metadata);
        }
        else {
            final Set<String> clientClasses = new HashSet<>();
            basePackages = new HashSet<>();
            for (Class<?> clazz : clients) {
                basePackages.add(ClassUtils.getPackageName(clazz));
                clientClasses.add(clazz.getCanonicalName());
            }
            AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter filter = new AbstractClassTestingTypeFilter() {
                @Override
                protected boolean match(ClassMetadata metadata) {
                    String cleaned = metadata.getClassName().replaceAll("\$", ".");
                    return clientClasses.contains(cleaned);
                }
            };
            scanner.addIncludeFilter(
                    new AllTypeFilter(Arrays.asList(filter, annotationTypeFilter)));
        }

        for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
            Set<BeanDefinition> candidateComponents = scanner
                    .findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
            for (BeanDefinition candidateComponent : candidateComponents) {
                if (candidateComponent instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
                    // verify annotated class is an interface
                    AnnotatedBeanDefinition beanDefinition = (AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidateComponent;
                    AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata = beanDefinition.getMetadata();
                    Assert.isTrue(annotationMetadata.isInterface(),
                            "@FeignClient can only be specified on an interface");

                    Map<String, Object> attributes = annotationMetadata
                            .getAnnotationAttributes(
                                    FeignClient.class.getCanonicalName());

                    String name = getClientName(attributes);
                    registerClientConfiguration(registry, name,
                            attributes.get("configuration"));

                    registerFeignClient(registry, annotationMetadata, attributes);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //这个方法，讲一系列的注解属性，包括url、path、name等保包装进一个BeanDefinition中
    private void registerFeignClient(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry,
            AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata, Map<String, Object> attributes) {
        String className = annotationMetadata.getClassName();
        BeanDefinitionBuilder definition = BeanDefinitionBuilder
                .genericBeanDefinition(FeignClientFactoryBean.class);
        validate(attributes);
        definition.addPropertyValue("url", getUrl(attributes));
        definition.addPropertyValue("path", getPath(attributes));
        String name = getName(attributes);
        definition.addPropertyValue("name", name);
        definition.addPropertyValue("type", className);
        definition.addPropertyValue("decode404", attributes.get("decode404"));
        definition.addPropertyValue("fallback", attributes.get("fallback"));
        definition.addPropertyValue("fallbackFactory", attributes.get("fallbackFactory"));
        definition.setAutowireMode(AbstractBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE);

        String alias = name + "FeignClient";
        AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = definition.getBeanDefinition();

        boolean primary = (Boolean)attributes.get("primary"); // has a default, won't be null

        beanDefinition.setPrimary(primary);

        String qualifier = getQualifier(attributes);
        if (StringUtils.hasText(qualifier)) {
            alias = qualifier;
        }

        BeanDefinitionHolder holder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, className,
                new String[] { alias });
        BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(holder, registry);
    }

上面的代码，本质上还是一个spring 初始化的时候，讲bean注入到容器的过程。不过就是@EnableFeignClients注解，自定义bean注入容器的实现而已

2.2 bean实例化。核心代码在 FeignClientFactoryBean中。 这个FeignClientFactoryBean 继承FactoryBean。

当实例化bean的时候，会调用 getObject()，这个方法中，会调用target方法，生成代理。代码如下：

@Override
    public Object getObject() throws Exception {
        FeignContext context = applicationContext.getBean(FeignContext.class);
        Feign.Builder builder = feign(context);

        if (!StringUtils.hasText(this.url)) {
            String url;
            if (!this.name.startsWith("http")) {
                url = "http://" + this.name;
            }
            else {
                url = this.name;
            }
            url += cleanPath();
            return loadBalance(builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(this.type,
                    this.name, url));
        }
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.url) && !this.url.startsWith("http")) {
            this.url = "http://" + this.url;
        }
        String url = this.url + cleanPath();
        Client client = getOptional(context, Client.class);
        if (client != null) {
            if (client instanceof LoadBalancerFeignClient) {
                // not lod balancing because we have a url,
                // but ribbon is on the classpath, so unwrap
                client = ((LoadBalancerFeignClient)client).getDelegate();
            }
            builder.client(client);
        }
        Targeter targeter = get(context, Targeter.class);
        return targeter.target(this, builder, context, new HardCodedTarget<>(    //这里会生成代理
                this.type, this.name, url));
    }

@Override
    public <T> T target(FeignClientFactoryBean factory, Feign.Builder feign, FeignContext context,
                        Target.HardCodedTarget<T> target) {
        if (!(feign instanceof feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign.Builder)) {   //这里有个判断。如果实例是熔断器的Builder，则直接调用target。不过殊途同归，都是调用的Feign.target()方法
            return feign.target(target);
        }
        feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign.Builder builder = (feign.hystrix.HystrixFeign.Builder) feign;
        SetterFactory setterFactory = getOptional(factory.getName(), context,
            SetterFactory.class);
        if (setterFactory != null) {
            builder.setterFactory(setterFactory);
        }
        Class<?> fallback = factory.getFallback();
        if (fallback != void.class) {
            return targetWithFallback(factory.getName(), context, target, builder, fallback);
        }
        Class<?> fallbackFactory = factory.getFallbackFactory();
        if (fallbackFactory != void.class) {
            return targetWithFallbackFactory(factory.getName(), context, target, builder, fallbackFactory);
        }

        return feign.target(target);
    }

public <T> T target(Target<T> target) {
      return build().newInstance(target);
    }

    public Feign build() {
      SynchronousMethodHandler.Factory synchronousMethodHandlerFactory =
          new SynchronousMethodHandler.Factory(client, retryer, requestInterceptors, logger,
                                               logLevel, decode404);
      ParseHandlersByName handlersByName =
          new ParseHandlersByName(contract, options, encoder, decoder,
                                  errorDecoder, synchronousMethodHandlerFactory);
      return new ReflectiveFeign(handlersByName, invocationHandlerFactory);    //这个invocationHandlerFactory ，用于创建invercationHandler，也就是JDK的那个

} }

/**
   * creates an api binding to the {@code target}. As this invokes reflection, care should be taken
   * to cache the result.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
  @Override
  public <T> T newInstance(Target<T> target) {
    Map<String, MethodHandler> nameToHandler = targetToHandlersByName.apply(target);
    Map<Method, MethodHandler> methodToHandler = new LinkedHashMap<Method, MethodHandler>();           //从这里看出，这个invercationHandler，也是保存在map里面。事实上，很多类似的例子，例如spring 注入是放在map里面，euraka 注册，注册表也是一个map
    List<DefaultMethodHandler> defaultMethodHandlers = new LinkedList<DefaultMethodHandler>();

    for (Method method : target.type().getMethods()) {
      if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
        continue;
      } else if(Util.isDefault(method)) {
        DefaultMethodHandler handler = new DefaultMethodHandler(method);
        defaultMethodHandlers.add(handler);
        methodToHandler.put(method, handler);
      } else {
        methodToHandler.put(method, nameToHandler.get(Feign.configKey(target.type(), method)));
      }
    }
    InvocationHandler handler = factory.create(target, methodToHandler);            //生成invercatoinHandler
    T proxy = (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.type().getClassLoader(), new Class<?>[]{target.type()}, handler);     //返回代理

    for(DefaultMethodHandler defaultMethodHandler : defaultMethodHandlers) {
      defaultMethodHandler.bindTo(proxy);
    }
    return proxy; 
  }

下面的代码，则是代理调用的方法

@Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
      if ("equals".equals(method.getName())) {
        try {
          Object
              otherHandler =
              args.length > 0 && args[0] != null ? Proxy.getInvocationHandler(args[0]) : null;
          return equals(otherHandler);
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
          return false;
        }
      } else if ("hashCode".equals(method.getName())) {
        return hashCode();
      } else if ("toString".equals(method.getName())) {
        return toString();
      }
      return dispatch.get(method).invoke(args);
    }

总结：Feign，其实就是封装了http请求的客户端，使调用方法的时候，像调用本地方法一样。

Feign的原理：

第一步是通过配置注解@EnableFeignClients，同时在需要调用远程方法的地方，配置注解@FeignClient。

当spring启动的时候，通过反射，将@FeignClient 所在的bean注入到spring 容器中（也就是一个concurrentHasMap），这个bean的beanDefinition里面封装了包括url，feedback等信息。

第二步，生成JDK代理。调用方法的时候，是调用JDK代理的invoke方法。在invoke方法中，自动调用封装好的HttpURLConnection执行请求。

参考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/72f0b294fc37