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  • 用matplotlib制作的比较满意的蜡烛图

    用matplotlib制作的比较满意的蜡烛图

    2D图形制作包, 功能强大, 习练了很久, 终于搞定了一个比较满意的脚本.

    特点:

    1. 使用方面要非常简单
    2. 绘制出来的图要非常的满意, 具有如下的特点
      1. 时间和空间的比例尺需要固定, 就是说图件的大小需要依据数据的长度和价格的变动幅度自动调整, 至少时间轴上应该如此.
      2. 时间轴的刻度: 对于日线图而言, 年/月/日/星期几 都应该一目了然.
      3. Y轴: 对数刻度, 10%等比刻度线, 刻度值的标签应该能反应绝对的股价, 支持双Y轴(右侧的Y轴度量大盘的变化)
      4. 蜡烛非白即黑, 只要两种颜色(包括边界线)
      5. 分辨率要足够高, 至少300DPI, 方便原样(无伸缩)打印
      6. 应该支持非常方便地抽取子集, 然后制图

    版本持续升级:

    2017.12 的备忘录

    在以前的函数式代码的基础上, OOP方式重构代码, 方便以后扩展功能, 也让程序运行得更健硕

    结果展示

    主块代码

    绘图模块的代码

    结果展示:

    png file from my github:

    https://github.com/duanqingshan/learngit/blob/master/均胜电子_20171230_182515__468000.png

    gif file from my cnblogs:

    https://files.cnblogs.com/files/duan-qs/均胜电子_20171226_220616__255000.gif

    主代码块:

    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    u''' 研究K线形态: 从单个K线做起, 然后K线组合, 然后K线形态
    # 1. 定义两个实例 
    # 2. 加载数据
    # 3. 前复权处理
    # 4. 计算指标
    # 5. 形态研究之: 提取与显示
    # 6. 绘图  主图+成交量图
    '''
    
    import amipy as ami
    import plotter as pl
    import pattern as pa
    reload(pa)
    reload(ami)
    
    context = ami.Context('600699.SH')  # 000911
    #context = ami.Context('002242.SZ')  # 000911
    stk = ami.Stock(context)
    
    stk.grab_data_tdxlday(context, num_days=None)
    stk.load_tdx_qx()
    
    stk.qfq()
    
    stk.ma20 = ami.TTR.sma(stk.ohlc.close, 20)
    stk.cyc61 = ami.TTR.sma(stk.ohlc.close, 120)
    
    pattern = pa.Pattern(stk)
    pattern.study_csyx(roc1=0.3/100)
    
    #subset = slice(-250*3, None) # '2017-07'  '2017'
    subset = slice(-120,None) # '2017-07'  '2017'
    plotter = pl.Plotter(context,stk,subset,quanxi=None)
    #    plotter.plot_candle_vol()
    #plotter.plot_candle_vol(savefig=True)
    
    #plotter.plot_timing(timing=pattern.csyx)    
    #plotter.plot_timing(timing=pattern.szx)    
    plotter.plot_timing(timing=pattern.upgap, savefig=True)    
    #plotter.plot_timing(timing=pattern.dngap)  
    

    绘图代码:

    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    #import sys
    
    import numpy as np
    import pandas as pd
    
    import datetime
    
    import matplotlib
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from matplotlib.ticker import (
            FixedLocator, 
            #MultipleLocator, 
            #LogLocator, 
            
            #NullFormatter, 
            FuncFormatter, 
            #LogFormatter 
            )
    from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties 
    from matplotlib.text import Text
    myfont = FontProperties(fname=r"c:windowsfontsmsyh.ttf")  #size可不用指定
    matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
    
    #import amipy as ami
    import ttr as TTR
    
    #==============================================================================
    # Python中的作用域及global用法 - Summer_cool - 博客园  
    # https://www.cnblogs.com/summer-cool/p/3884595.html
    # 
    # 函数定义了本地作用域,而模块定义的是全局作用域。
    # 如果想要在函数内定义全局作用域,需要加上global修饰符。
    # 
    # 变量名解析:LEGB原则
    # 当在函数中使用未认证的变量名时,Python搜索4个作用域:
    #     [本地作用域(L-local)(函数内部声明但没有使用global的变量),
    #      之后是上一层结构def或者lambda的本地作用域(E-enclosure),
    #      之后是全局作用域(G-global)(函数中使用global声明的变量或在模块层声明的变量),
    #      最后是内置作用域(B)(即python的内置类和函数等)]
    #      并且在第一处能够找到这个变量名的地方停下来。
    #      如果变量名在整个的搜索过程中都没有找到,Python就会报错。
    #      
    # 补:上面的变量规则只适用于简单对象,当出现引用对象的属性时,则有另一套搜索规则:
    #     属性引用搜索一个或多个对象,而不是作用域,并且有可能涉及到所谓的"继承"
    # 补2:global修饰符在python里的一个独特现象:
    #     在模块层面定义的变量(无需global修饰),
    #     如果在函数中没有再定义同名变量,可以在函数中当做全局变量使用.
    #     如果在函数中要对它重新赋值的话, 则必须在本函数中事先声明为全局变量, 否则会抛出异常.
    # 
    #     #先声明全局本函数里用到的全局变量: 图表, 上下文, 股票对象
    #     #使用global语句可以清楚地表明变量是在外面的块定义的, 而且在本函数内
    #     #可以使用或者修改这些变量(前提是必须先声明为全局变量, 以便告诉python
    #     #解释器这些变量是全局的(主块和函数块共有的)已经是在外部--主代码块里--定义好了的, 
    #     # 或者是本代码块要传递到主代码块里的变量).
    #==============================================================================
    
    class Plotter(object):
        u'''
        Plotter class to make picture of stock's ohlcv data
        '''
        # define class var
        ptype_dict={
            'lday':u'日',
            'lc5':u'五分钟'} # 这里声明的变量, 不用加global修饰符, 也是全局变量
    
            
        def __init__(self, context, stk, subset, quanxi=None):
            self.context = context
            self.stk = stk
            self.subset = subset
            self.quanxi = quanxi
            self.fig = None
            self.ax1 = self.ax2 = self.ax3 = None
            self.candle_colors = None
            self.length = None
            self.x = None
    
        def plot_candle_only(self, savefig=False):
            u'''仅绘制主图    
            '''
            self.layout(volume_bars=False)
            self.candles()
            self.primary_curves()
            self.savfig(savefig)
            #fig #在ipython console里显示整个图表
    
        def plot_candle_vol(self, savefig=False):
            u'''主图+成交量图
            '''
            self.layout(volume_bars=True)
            self.candles() 
            self.primary_curves() 
            self.vol_bars()
            self.savfig(savefig)
            pass
                
        def plot_timing(self, timing=None, savefig=False):
            u'''画图: timing之K线性形态
                candles + (MA20, MA120) + 形态标注
                volume bar
            para: 
                timing: Series, 
                note: str, {'csyx', 'szx', etc}, 长上影线, 十字星等
            
            '''
            self.layout(volume_bars=True)
            self.candles() 
            self.primary_curves() 
            self.vol_bars()
            self.annotate(timing)
            self.savfig(savefig)
            
                
        def layout(self, volume_bars=True):
            u'''
            
            '''
            if volume_bars:
                self.fig, (self.ax1, self.ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1, sharex=True, gridspec_kw={'height_ratios': [3,1]} )
            else:
                self.fig,self.ax1 = plt.subplots(1,1)
                #res = fig, ax1
            #return res
        
        def candles(self,
                    col_func=None):
            u'''
            
            subset: 
                slice object, slice(start,stop,step)
                that is:
                    slice(100)
                    slice(-100,None)
                    slice(100,200)
                    slice(-200,-100,2)
                    '2011-09'
                    '2017'
            '''
            
            def default_col_func(index, open1, close, low, high):
                return 'black' if open1[index] > close[index] else 'white' # r g b  cyan black white
            
            subset=self.subset
            col_func= col_func or default_col_func
            ohlc = self.stk.ohlc[subset] if self.subset else self.stk.ohlc
            open1,high,low,close = ohlc.open, ohlc.high, ohlc.low, ohlc.close
            self.length = length = len(close)
            self.x = x = np.arange(length)
            candle_colors = [col_func(i, open1, close, low, high) for i in x]
            self.candle_colors = candle_colors
            # 计算出 每日的开盘价/收盘价里的最大值和最小值
            oc_min = pd.concat([open1, close], axis=1).min(axis=1)
            oc_max = pd.concat([open1, close], axis=1).max(axis=1)
        
            #candles = ax1.bar(x, oc_max-oc_min, bottom=oc_min, color=candle_colors, linewidth=0)
            #lines = ax1.vlines(x + 0.4, low, high, color=candle_colors, linewidth=1)
            candles = self.ax1.bar(x-0.4, oc_max-oc_min, bottom=oc_min, color=candle_colors, linewidth=0.2, edgecolor='black')
            shadlines_up = self.ax1.vlines(x,    oc_max, high, color=['black']* length, linewidth=0.3)
            shadlines_dn = self.ax1.vlines(x,    low, oc_min,  color=['black']* length, linewidth=0.3)
            #print candles.__class__, shadlines_up.__class__, shadlines_dn.__class__
            isinstance(candles,      matplotlib.container.BarContainer) == True
            isinstance(shadlines_dn, matplotlib.collections.LineCollection)
            isinstance(shadlines_up, matplotlib.collections.LineCollection)
            
            self.custom_figure()
            self.custom_yaxis()
            pass
        
        def primary_curves(self): #subset=None):
            #ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
            #close = ohlc.close
            subset = self.subset
            if (isinstance(self.stk.ma20, pd.Series) and isinstance(self.stk.cyc61, pd.Series)):
                ma20 = self.stk.ma20[subset] if subset else self.stk.ma20
                cyc61 = self.stk.cyc61[subset] if subset else self.stk.cyc61
                indicators = [ma20, cyc61]
                x=self.x
                for ind in indicators:
                    self.ax1.plot(x, ind, 'o-', lw=0.1, markersize=0.7, markeredgewidth=0.1, label=ind.name) #带圆圈标记的实线
                self.ax1.legend()
                
            self.custom_xaxis(ax=self.ax1)
            
            
        def secondary_curves(self, ax):
        #    ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
            pass
        
        def vol_bars(self):
            u'''
            
            '''
            subset = self.subset
            ohlc = self.stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else self.stk.ohlc
            volume = ohlc['volume']
            #open1,high,low,close = ohlc.open, ohlc.high, ohlc.low, ohlc.close
            x = self.x
            
            volume_scale = None
            scaled_volume = volume
            if volume.max() > 1000*1000:
                volume_scale = u'百万股' #'M'
                scaled_volume = volume / 1000.0/1000.0
            elif volume.max() > 1000:
                volume_scale = u'千股'
                scaled_volume = volume / 1000.0
            self.ax2.bar(x-0.4, scaled_volume, color=self.candle_colors, linewidth=0.2, edgecolor='black')
            volume_title = 'Volume'
            if volume_scale:
                volume_title = 'Volume (%s)' % volume_scale
            #ax2.set_title(volume_title) # 太难看了
            self.ax2.set_ylabel(volume_title, fontdict=None)
            self.ax2.xaxis.grid(False)
            #plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False), fontsize=6)
            
            self.custom_xaxis(self.ax2)
            
            pass
    
        def annotate(self, timing):
            u'''在主图上标注给定的K线形态:
            param:
                timing: event of Series of k-pattern
                note: str, 对应于事件的标注文本
            example:
                >>> plotter.annotate(csyx) #长上影线
            '''
            #ax=plt.gca()
            #xx = self.action.p_DJR.index
            c = self.stk.ohlc.close[self.subset] if self.subset else self.stk.ohlc.close
            self.timing = timing[self.subset] if self.subset  else timing
            ptn_dt = c[self.timing].index # True 逻辑选择 选出长上影线的时机(日期索引)
            note = self.note = self.timing.name[:3]
            ax = self.ax1
            xx = map(lambda dt: c.index.get_loc(dt), ptn_dt) 
            yy = c * 1.1
            #strings = self.action['value'].values.astype(str)
            #strings = self.action['bonus'].values.astype(str)
            #strings = map(lambda x: u'派'+str(x), strings)
            for i,x in enumerate(xx):
                #ax.text(x, yy[i], strings[i])
                print i, c.index[x], x, yy[x], c[x]
                ax.annotate(note, xy=(x, yy[x]*1.05/1.1), xytext=(x, yy[x]+0.0),
                            arrowprops=dict(
                                    facecolor='black', 
                                    color='red',
                                    #shrink=0.05,
                                    arrowstyle='->',
                                    ),)
        
        
        
        def custom_yaxis(self):
            u'''
            #   设定 Y 轴上的刻度
            #==================================================================================================================================================
            python - Matplotlib log scale tick label number formatting - Stack Overflow  
            https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21920233/matplotlib-log-scale-tick-label-number-formatting
            每个坐标轴都有7大属性:
                ax1.set_yscale, ylim, ylabel, yticks, yticklabels, ybound, ymargin
            '''
            #use_expo=True; 
            expbase=1.1  # 2 e 10
            yaxis= self.ax1.get_yaxis()
            isinstance(yaxis, matplotlib.axis.YAxis)
            self.ax1.set_yscale(value='log', basey=expbase)
            pass
        
        def custom_figure(self):
            u'''  '''
            # 依据绘图数据的长度和时间轴的比例尺(比如1:16)确定图表的长度:  
            #fig = plt.gcf()
            #fig.set_size_inches(18.5, 10.5)
            self.fig.set_size_inches(self.length/16.0, 6) # /18 /20 /16 diff time-scales
            
            title = u'%s(%s)%s周期蜡烛图'%(self.context.name, self.context.symbol, self.ptype_dict[self.context.ptype])
            self.ax1.set_title(title)
            pass
        
        def custom_xaxis(self, ax):
            u'''
            
            '''
            subset = self.subset
            ohlc = self.stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else self.stk.ohlc
            close = ohlc.close
            length = self.length  # len(close)
            
            ax.set_xlim(-2, length+10)
            xaxis= ax.get_xaxis()
            yaxis= ax.get_yaxis()
            #   设定 X 轴上的主刻度/次刻度位置
            #==================================================================================================================================================
            mdindex, wdindex, sdindex= self.ohlc_find_idx_fdim(close) 
            xMajorLocator= FixedLocator(np.array(mdindex)) # 针对主刻度,实例化一个"固定式刻度定位"
            xMinorLocator= FixedLocator(np.array(wdindex)) # 确定 X 轴的 MinorLocator
            
            # 确定 X 轴的 MajorFormatter 和 MinorFormatter 
            # 自定义的刻度格式(应该是一个function)
            datelist = close.index.date.tolist() 
            def x_major_formatter_1(idx, pos=None): 
                u'''
                格式函数的功能: idx 是位置location, 依据位置, 返回对应的日期刻度标签
                '''
                #return datelist[idx].strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
                return datelist[idx].strftime('%m
    %Y')
            def x_major_formatter_2(idx, pos=None):
                return datelist[idx].strftime('
    
    %m
    %Y')
         
            def x_minor_formatter_1(idx, pos=None):
                #return datelist[idx].strftime(u'一
    %d') # 周一
                return datelist[idx].strftime(u'M
    %d') # 周一
            def x_minor_formatter_2(idx, pos=None):
                return datelist[idx].strftime('%m-%d')
         
            xMajorFormatter_1 = FuncFormatter(x_major_formatter_1)
            xMajorFormatter_2 = FuncFormatter(x_major_formatter_2)
            xMinorFormatter_1 = FuncFormatter(x_minor_formatter_1)
         
            # 设定 X 轴的 Locator 和 Formatter
            xaxis.set_major_locator(xMajorLocator)
            xaxis.set_minor_locator(xMinorLocator)
        
            xaxis.set_major_formatter(xMajorFormatter_1)
            if self.ax2 is None:
                xaxis.set_major_formatter(xMajorFormatter_2)
            xaxis.set_minor_formatter(xMinorFormatter_1)
        
            if self.ax2 is None: # 仅绘制主图
                # 设定不显示的刻度标签:
                if ax==self.ax1:
                    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False), visible=True) #主刻度标签 可见
                    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=True), visible=True)  #次刻度标签 可见
            elif ((self.ax1 != None) and (self.ax2 != None)): # case of 主图+成交量图
                if ax==self.ax2:
                    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=True), visible=False) #次刻度标签 隐藏
                elif ax==self.ax1:
                    plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False), visible=False) #主刻度标签 隐藏
         
            # 设定 X 轴主刻度和次刻度标签的样式(字体大小)
            for malabel in ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False):
                malabel.set_fontsize(12) # 6号也太小了
                #malabel.set_horizontalalignment('right')
                #malabel.set_rotation('45')
         
            # if ax == ax1 or ax2:
            for milabel in ax.get_xticklabels(minor=True):
                milabel.set_fontsize(12) # 5 太小了
                #milabel.set_horizontalalignment('right')
                #milabel.set_rotation('45')
                #milabel.set_fontdict=myfont
                #milabel.set_fontproperties=myfont
                #milabel.set_prop=myfont
        
        
            #   设置两个坐标轴上的 grid
            #==================================================================================================================================================
            #xaxis_2.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='solid', linewidth=0.2)
            xaxis.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.3)
            xaxis.grid(True, 'minor', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.1)
         
            #yaxis_2.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=0.2)
            yaxis.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.1)
            yaxis.grid(True, 'minor', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.1)
        
            yaxis.get_major_ticks()[2].label = 
                    Text(0,28.1024,u'28.10 $\mathdefault{1.1^{35}}$')
     
        
        
        
        
        def ohlc_find_idx_fdim(self, ohlc):
            u'''
            功能: index of  first trading-day in month 
            ------
            - 获取每个月的第一个交易日的下标(又称0轴索引). 
              从数据框的时间索引里提取对应的日期, 然后检索出下标.
            - 另外, 也获取每个交易周的第一个交易日的下标
            
            输入:
            - ohlc: pandas数据框
            
            返回:
            - list
            
            例子:
            -------
            >>>  mdindex, wdindex, sdindex= ohlc_find_idx_fdim(ohlc_last60)
            
            '''
            #datelist= [ datetime.date(int(ys), int(ms), int(ds)) for ys, ms, ds in [ dstr.split('-') for dstr in pdata[u'日期'] ] ]
            #last60 = ohlc[-250:]
            last60 = ohlc
            datelist = last60.index.date.tolist()
            # 确定 X 轴的 MajorLocator
            mdindex= [] # 每个月第一个交易日在所有日期列表中的 index, 月日期索引
            years= set([d.year for d in datelist])  # 所有的交易年份
             
            for y in sorted(years):     
                months= set([d.month for d in datelist if d.year == y])     # 当年所有的交易月份
                for m in sorted(months):
                    monthday= min([dt for dt in datelist if dt.year==y and dt.month==m])    # 当月的第一个交易日
                    mdindex.append(datelist.index(monthday))
        
            wdindex =[] # weekday index, 每周的第一个交易日的索引
            for y in sorted(years):
                weeknum= set([int(d.strftime('%U')) for d in datelist if d.year==y])
                for w in sorted(weeknum):
                    wd= min([dt for dt in datelist if dt.year==y and int(dt.strftime('%U'))==w])
                    wdindex.append(datelist.index(wd))
            
            #==============================================================================
            # wdindex= [] # 每周第一个交易日在所有日期列表中的 index, 每周的第一个交易日的索引
            # for d in datelist:
            #     if d.weekday() == 0: wdindex.append(datelist.index(d))
            #             
            #==============================================================================
            
            # ===  检索每个季末交易日的下标: sdindex:  end of season day index   ===
            # 对ndarray or list  进行逻辑运输时, 需要用np.logical_or()方法才是正确的方法:
            #filter1=  (months==3) or (months==6)
            #filter1=  (months==3).tolist() or (months==6).tolist()  
            #ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()
            dt= last60.index.date # 得到ndarray of date, 
            # dti= last60.index     # 得到pd.ts.index.DtetimeIndex of date, 
            months= last60.index.month #得到ndarray of month, 取值范围为: 1~12
            # nextbar_m= last60.index.shift(1, freq='D').month # 当移动时间下标时, 数据的频率不能为空
            #  这样做还是有问题的, pd的做法是: 引用未来1 Day的日期, 也就是当前的日期+1day的日期
            #   比如: 当前的日期是        2016-12-30, 2017-01-03
            #         .shift(1)的日期是: 2016-12-31, 2017-01-04
            # ==> 误判了4季末的日期变更线坐标位置
            # 解决办法: 应该让freq= 'per index bar', 查询一下pd的doc吧...   
            # 变通办法: .drop first element value or .delete(0) the first location
            #        and then .insert one value at end, to make the same length
            # 变通办法之: 用 freq='BQ', 来生成一个dtindex:
            # pd.date_range(start=mi[0], end=mi[-1], freq='BQ') # BQ	business quarter endfrequency
            # Time Series / Date functionality — pandas 0.19.2 documentation  
            # http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases    
            # 
            # === 还有更简洁的办法: 就是dti.quarter属性直接提供了第几个季节   ===
            i_index= last60.index.delete(0)    
            i_index= i_index.insert(-1, last60.index[-1])     # -1 表示最后一个下标位置
            nextbar_m= i_index.month # 
            endMar= np.logical_and(months==3, nextbar_m==4)
            endJun= np.logical_and(months==6, nextbar_m==7)
            endSep= np.logical_and(months==9, nextbar_m==10)
            endDec= np.logical_and(months==12, nextbar_m==1)
            
            tmp1= np.logical_or(endMar, endJun)
            tmp2= np.logical_or(endSep, endDec)
            mask= np.logical_or(tmp1, tmp2)
            sdindex= [dt.tolist().index(i) for i in dt[mask] ]
        
            #print u'
    ==> 季节变更坐标线:'
            #print u'    每个季末的x轴的位置下标: %r' % sdindex
            #print u'    每个季末的x轴的位置时间: %r' % last60.index[sdindex]
         
            return mdindex, wdindex, sdindex
            
        
        def savfig(self, savefig=False):
            if savefig:
                now = datetime.datetime.now()
                now_s = now.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S_')
                microsec = str(now.microsecond)
                #fn= '%s_%s_%s.pdf' %(context.name, now_s, microsec )
                #fig.savefig(fn, dpi=300)
                #print u'
    ==> 该pdf文件被创建: %s' %fn
                fn= '%s_%s_%s.png' %(self.context.name, now_s, microsec )
                self.fig.savefig(fn, dpi=300)
                print u'
    ==> 该png文件被创建: %s' %fn
            pass
        
            
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        pass
    
    
    

    代码(2017.11)

    1. 主块代码
    2. 绘图模块的代码
    3. 结果展示

    结果展示1:

    结果展示2:

    主块代码: test1_load.py

    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    import  pandas as pd
    
    import amipy as ami
    reload(ami)
    import do_plot as dp
    reload(dp)
    
    #context = ami.Context('600699.SH')
    context = ami.Context('000911.SZ')
    stk = ami.Stock(context) #None,None)
    stk.grab_data_tdxlday(context, num_days=None)
    stk.ohlc = stk.ohlc_raw
    
    stk.ma20 = ami.TTR.sma(stk.ohlc.close, 20)
    stk.cyc61 = ami.TTR.sma(stk.ohlc.close, 120)
    subset = slice(-120,None) # '2017-07'  '2017'
    subset = '2017' #slice(-120,None) # '2017-07'  '2017'
    
    datas = (context, stk, subset)
    
    # 仅绘制主图    
    #dp.plot_candle_only(datas)
    
    # 主图+成交量图
    dp.plot_candle_vol(datas)
    
    

    绘图模块代码 do_plot.py

    
    # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    
    #import sys
    
    import numpy as np
    import pandas as pd
    
    import matplotlib
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from matplotlib.ticker import (
            FixedLocator, 
            #MultipleLocator, 
            #LogLocator, 
            
            #NullFormatter, 
            FuncFormatter, 
            #LogFormatter 
            )
    from matplotlib.font_manager import FontProperties 
    myfont = FontProperties(fname=r"c:windowsfontsmsyh.ttf")  #size可不用指定
    matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
    
    #import amipy as ami
    
    
    #==============================================================================
    # Python中的作用域及global用法 - Summer_cool - 博客园  
    # https://www.cnblogs.com/summer-cool/p/3884595.html
    # 
    # 函数定义了本地作用域,而模块定义的是全局作用域。
    # 如果想要在函数内定义全局作用域,需要加上global修饰符。
    # 
    # 变量名解析:LEGB原则
    # 当在函数中使用未认证的变量名时,Python搜索4个作用域:
    #     [本地作用域(L-local)(函数内部声明但没有使用global的变量),
    #      之后是上一层结构def或者lambda的本地作用域(E-enclosure),
    #      之后是全局作用域(G-global)(函数中使用global声明的变量或在模块层声明的变量),
    #      最后是内置作用域(B)(即python的内置类和函数等)]
    #      并且在第一处能够找到这个变量名的地方停下来。
    #      如果变量名在整个的搜索过程中都没有找到,Python就会报错。
    #      
    # 补:上面的变量规则只适用于简单对象,当出现引用对象的属性时,则有另一套搜索规则:
    #     属性引用搜索一个或多个对象,而不是作用域,并且有可能涉及到所谓的"继承"
    # 补2:global修饰符在python里的一个独特现象:
    #     在模块层面定义的变量(无需global修饰),
    #     如果在函数中没有再定义同名变量,可以在函数中当做全局变量使用.
    #     如果在函数中要对它重新赋值的话, 则必须在本函数中事先声明为全局变量, 否则会抛出异常.
    # 
    #     #先声明全局本函数里用到的全局变量: 图表, 上下文, 股票对象
    #     #使用global语句可以清楚地表明变量是在外面的块定义的, 而且在本函数内
    #     #可以使用或者修改这些变量(前提是必须先声明为全局变量, 以便告诉python
    #     #解释器这些变量是全局的(主块和函数块共有的)已经是在外部--主代码块里--定义好了的, 
    #     # 或者是本代码块要传递到主代码块里的变量).
    #==============================================================================
    global fig, ax1, ax2, ax3 # 模块级变量名, 分别代表: 整个图表, 子图1/2/3
    global context, stk, subset # 模块级变量名
    global candle_colors, length
    ax2=ax3=None #初始化 ax2/ax3 子图实例为None, 
                 #fig和ax1可以不用初始化, 因为调用layout()后总是要返回fig和ax1的
    ptype_dict={
            'lday':u'日',
            'lc5':u'五分钟'} # 这里声明的变量, 不用加global修饰符, 也是全局变量
    
    def layout(volume_bars=True):
        u'''
        
        '''
        global fig, ax1, ax2, ax3
        if volume_bars:
            fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(2, 1, sharex=True, gridspec_kw={'height_ratios': [3,1]} )
            res = fig, (ax1,ax2)
        else:
            fig,ax1 = plt.subplots(1,1)
            res = fig, ax1
        return res
    
    def candles(
                #subset=None,
                col_func=None):
        u'''
        
        subset: 
            slice object, slice(start,stop,step)
            that is:
                slice(100)
                slice(-100,None)
                slice(100,200)
                slice(-200,-100,2)
                '2011-09'
                '2017'
        '''
        global context, stk, subset
        global candle_colors # 可能会被以后的函数所用到(比如画成交量柱子)
        global length
        
        def default_col_func(index, open1, close, low, high):
            return 'black' if open1[index] > close[index] else 'white' # r g b  cyan black white
        
        col_func= col_func or default_col_func
        ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
        open1,high,low,close = ohlc.open, ohlc.high, ohlc.low, ohlc.close
        length = len(close)
        x = np.arange(length)
        candle_colors = [col_func(i, open1, close, low, high) for i in x]
        # 计算出 每日的开盘价/收盘价里的最大值和最小值
        oc_min = pd.concat([open1, close], axis=1).min(axis=1)
        oc_max = pd.concat([open1, close], axis=1).max(axis=1)
    
        #candles = ax1.bar(x, oc_max-oc_min, bottom=oc_min, color=candle_colors, linewidth=0)
        #lines = ax1.vlines(x + 0.4, low, high, color=candle_colors, linewidth=1)
        candles = ax1.bar(x-0.4, oc_max-oc_min, bottom=oc_min, color=candle_colors, linewidth=0.2, edgecolor='black')
        shadlines_up = ax1.vlines(x,    oc_max, high, color=['black']* length, linewidth=0.3)
        shadlines_dn = ax1.vlines(x,    low, oc_min,  color=['black']* length, linewidth=0.3)
        #print candles.__class__, shadlines_up.__class__, shadlines_dn.__class__
        isinstance(candles,      matplotlib.container.BarContainer) == True
        isinstance(shadlines_dn, matplotlib.collections.LineCollection)
        isinstance(shadlines_up, matplotlib.collections.LineCollection)
        
        custom_figure()
        custom_yaxis()
        pass
    
    def primary_curves(): #subset=None):
        #ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
        #close = ohlc.close
        if (isinstance(stk.ma20, pd.Series) and isinstance(stk.cyc61, pd.Series)):
            ma20 = stk.ma20[subset] if subset else stk.ma20
            cyc61 = stk.cyc61[subset] if subset else stk.cyc61
            length = len(ma20)
            x = np.arange(length)
            indicators = [ma20, cyc61]
            for ind in indicators:
                ax1.plot(x, ind, 'o-', lw=0.1, markersize=0.7, markeredgewidth=0.1, label=ind.name) #带圆圈标记的实线
            ax1.legend()
            
        custom_xaxis(ax=ax1)
        
        
    def secondary_curves(ax,subset=None):
    #    ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
        pass
    
    def vol_bars():
        u'''
        
        '''
        global stk, subset
        ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
        volume = ohlc['volume']
        #open1,high,low,close = ohlc.open, ohlc.high, ohlc.low, ohlc.close
        x = np.arange(length)
        
        volume_scale = None
        scaled_volume = volume
        if volume.max() > 1000*1000:
            volume_scale = u'百万股' #'M'
            scaled_volume = volume / 1000.0/1000.0
        elif volume.max() > 1000:
            volume_scale = u'千股'
            scaled_volume = volume / 1000.0
        ax2.bar(x-0.4, scaled_volume, color=candle_colors, linewidth=0.2, edgecolor='black')
        volume_title = 'Volume'
        if volume_scale:
            volume_title = 'Volume (%s)' % volume_scale
        ax2.set_title(volume_title)
        ax2.xaxis.grid(False)
        #plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False), fontsize=6)
        
        custom_xaxis(ax2)
        
        pass
    
    def custom_yaxis():
        u'''
        #   设定 Y 轴上的刻度
        #==================================================================================================================================================
        python - Matplotlib log scale tick label number formatting - Stack Overflow  
        https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21920233/matplotlib-log-scale-tick-label-number-formatting
        '''
        #use_expo=True; 
        expbase=1.1  # 2 e 10
        yaxis= ax1.get_yaxis()
        isinstance(yaxis, matplotlib.axis.YAxis)
        ax1.set_yscale(value='log', basey=expbase)
        pass
    
    def custom_figure():
        u'''  '''
        # 依据绘图数据的长度和时间轴的比例尺(比如1:16)确定图表的长度:  
        #fig = plt.gcf()
        #fig.set_size_inches(18.5, 10.5)
        fig.set_size_inches(length/16.0, 6) # /18 /20 /16 diff time-scales
        
        title = u'%s(%s)%s周期蜡烛图'%(context.name, context.symbol, ptype_dict[context.ptype])
        ax1.set_title(title)
        pass
    
    def custom_xaxis(ax):
        u'''
        
        '''
        global ax1, ax2, ax3
        ohlc = stk.ohlc[subset] if subset else stk.ohlc
        close = ohlc.close
        #length = len(close)
        
        ax.set_xlim(-2, length+10)
        xaxis= ax.get_xaxis()
        yaxis= ax.get_yaxis()
        #   设定 X 轴上的主刻度/次刻度位置
        #==================================================================================================================================================
        mdindex, wdindex, sdindex= ohlc_find_idx_fdim(close) 
        xMajorLocator= FixedLocator(np.array(mdindex)) # 针对主刻度,实例化一个"固定式刻度定位"
        xMinorLocator= FixedLocator(np.array(wdindex)) # 确定 X 轴的 MinorLocator
        
        # 确定 X 轴的 MajorFormatter 和 MinorFormatter 
        # 自定义的刻度格式(应该是一个function)
        datelist = close.index.date.tolist() 
        def x_major_formatter_1(idx, pos=None): 
            u'''
            格式函数的功能: idx 是位置location, 依据位置, 返回对应的日期刻度标签
            '''
            #return datelist[idx].strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
            return datelist[idx].strftime('%m
    %Y')
        def x_major_formatter_2(idx, pos=None):
            return datelist[idx].strftime('
    
    %m
    %Y')
     
        def x_minor_formatter_1(idx, pos=None):
            #return datelist[idx].strftime(u'一
    %d') # 周一
            return datelist[idx].strftime(u'M
    %d') # 周一
        def x_minor_formatter_2(idx, pos=None):
            return datelist[idx].strftime('%m-%d')
     
        xMajorFormatter_1 = FuncFormatter(x_major_formatter_1)
        xMajorFormatter_2 = FuncFormatter(x_major_formatter_2)
        xMinorFormatter_1 = FuncFormatter(x_minor_formatter_1)
     
        # 设定 X 轴的 Locator 和 Formatter
        xaxis.set_major_locator(xMajorLocator)
        xaxis.set_minor_locator(xMinorLocator)
    
        xaxis.set_major_formatter(xMajorFormatter_1)
        if ax2 is None:
            xaxis.set_major_formatter(xMajorFormatter_2)
        xaxis.set_minor_formatter(xMinorFormatter_1)
    
        if ax2 is None: # 仅绘制主图
            # 设定不显示的刻度标签:
            if ax==ax1:
                plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False), visible=True) #主刻度标签 可见
                plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=True), visible=True)  #次刻度标签 可见
        elif ((ax1 != None) and (ax2 != None)): # case of 主图+成交量图
            if ax==ax2:
                plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=True), visible=False) #次刻度标签 隐藏
            elif ax==ax1:
                plt.setp(ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False), visible=False) #主刻度标签 隐藏
     
        # 设定 X 轴主刻度和次刻度标签的样式(字体大小)
        for malabel in ax.get_xticklabels(minor=False):
            malabel.set_fontsize(12) # 6号也太小了
            #malabel.set_horizontalalignment('right')
            #malabel.set_rotation('45')
     
        # if ax == ax1 or ax2:
        for milabel in ax.get_xticklabels(minor=True):
            milabel.set_fontsize(12) # 5 太小了
            #milabel.set_horizontalalignment('right')
            #milabel.set_rotation('45')
            #milabel.set_fontdict=myfont
            #milabel.set_fontproperties=myfont
            #milabel.set_prop=myfont
    
    
        #   设置两个坐标轴上的 grid
        #==================================================================================================================================================
        #xaxis_2.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='solid', linewidth=0.2)
        xaxis.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.3)
        xaxis.grid(True, 'minor', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.1)
     
        #yaxis_2.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='dashed', linewidth=0.2)
        yaxis.grid(True, 'major', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.1)
        yaxis.grid(True, 'minor', color='0.3', linestyle='dotted', linewidth=0.1)
    
    
    def ohlc_find_idx_fdim(ohlc):
        u'''
        功能: index of  first trading-day in month 
        ------
        - 获取每个月的第一个交易日的下标(又称0轴索引). 
          从数据框的时间索引里提取对应的日期, 然后检索出下标.
        - 另外, 也获取每个交易周的第一个交易日的下标
        
        输入:
        - ohlc: pandas数据框
        
        返回:
        - list
        
        例子:
        -------
        >>>  mdindex, wdindex, sdindex= ohlc_find_idx_fdim(ohlc_last60)
        
        '''
        #datelist= [ datetime.date(int(ys), int(ms), int(ds)) for ys, ms, ds in [ dstr.split('-') for dstr in pdata[u'日期'] ] ]
        last60 = ohlc[-250:]
        datelist = last60.index.date.tolist()
        # 确定 X 轴的 MajorLocator
        mdindex= [] # 每个月第一个交易日在所有日期列表中的 index, 月日期索引
        years= set([d.year for d in datelist])  # 所有的交易年份
         
        for y in sorted(years):     
            months= set([d.month for d in datelist if d.year == y])     # 当年所有的交易月份
            for m in sorted(months):
                monthday= min([dt for dt in datelist if dt.year==y and dt.month==m])    # 当月的第一个交易日
                mdindex.append(datelist.index(monthday))
    
        wdindex =[] # weekday index, 每周的第一个交易日的索引
        for y in sorted(years):
            weeknum= set([int(d.strftime('%U')) for d in datelist if d.year==y])
            for w in sorted(weeknum):
                wd= min([dt for dt in datelist if dt.year==y and int(dt.strftime('%U'))==w])
                wdindex.append(datelist.index(wd))
        
        #==============================================================================
        # wdindex= [] # 每周第一个交易日在所有日期列表中的 index, 每周的第一个交易日的索引
        # for d in datelist:
        #     if d.weekday() == 0: wdindex.append(datelist.index(d))
        #             
        #==============================================================================
        
        # ===  检索每个季末交易日的下标: sdindex:  end of season day index   ===
        # 对ndarray or list  进行逻辑运输时, 需要用np.logical_or()方法才是正确的方法:
        #filter1=  (months==3) or (months==6)
        #filter1=  (months==3).tolist() or (months==6).tolist()  
        #ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element is ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()
        dt= last60.index.date # 得到ndarray of date, 
        # dti= last60.index     # 得到pd.ts.index.DtetimeIndex of date, 
        months= last60.index.month #得到ndarray of month, 取值范围为: 1~12
        # nextbar_m= last60.index.shift(1, freq='D').month # 当移动时间下标时, 数据的频率不能为空
        #  这样做还是有问题的, pd的做法是: 引用未来1 Day的日期, 也就是当前的日期+1day的日期
        #   比如: 当前的日期是        2016-12-30, 2017-01-03
        #         .shift(1)的日期是: 2016-12-31, 2017-01-04
        # ==> 误判了4季末的日期变更线坐标位置
        # 解决办法: 应该让freq= 'per index bar', 查询一下pd的doc吧...   
        # 变通办法: .drop first element value or .delete(0) the first location
        #        and then .insert one value at end, to make the same length
        # 变通办法之: 用 freq='BQ', 来生成一个dtindex:
        # pd.date_range(start=mi[0], end=mi[-1], freq='BQ') # BQ	business quarter endfrequency
        # Time Series / Date functionality — pandas 0.19.2 documentation  
        # http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/timeseries.html#offset-aliases    
        # 
        # === 还有更简洁的办法: 就是dti.quarter属性直接提供了第几个季节   ===
        i_index= last60.index.delete(0)    
        i_index= i_index.insert(-1, last60.index[-1])     # -1 表示最后一个下标位置
        nextbar_m= i_index.month # 
        endMar= np.logical_and(months==3, nextbar_m==4)
        endJun= np.logical_and(months==6, nextbar_m==7)
        endSep= np.logical_and(months==9, nextbar_m==10)
        endDec= np.logical_and(months==12, nextbar_m==1)
        
        tmp1= np.logical_or(endMar, endJun)
        tmp2= np.logical_or(endSep, endDec)
        mask= np.logical_or(tmp1, tmp2)
        sdindex= [dt.tolist().index(i) for i in dt[mask] ]
    
        #print u'
    ==> 季节变更坐标线:'
        #print u'    每个季末的x轴的位置下标: %r' % sdindex
        #print u'    每个季末的x轴的位置时间: %r' % last60.index[sdindex]
     
    
        
        return mdindex, wdindex, sdindex
    
    def plot_candle_only(datas):
        u'''仅绘制主图    
        '''
        global context, stk, subset
        global fig, ax1, ax2, ax3
        global candle_colors, length
        context, stk, subset = datas
    
        layout(volume_bars=False)
        candles()
        primary_curves()
        #fig #在ipython console里显示整个图表
    
    def plot_candle_vol(datas):
        u'''主图+成交量图
        '''
        global context, stk, subset
        global fig, ax1, ax2, ax3
        global candle_colors, length
        context, stk, subset = datas
        
        layout(volume_bars=True)
        candles() 
        primary_curves() 
        vol_bars()
        pass
    
        
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        pass
        
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/duan-qs/p/8074818.html
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