GUID是一个128位长的数字,一般用16进制表示。算法的核心思想是结合机器的网卡、当地时间、一个随机数来生成GUID。从理论上讲,如果一台机器每秒产生10000000个GUID,则可以保证(概率意义上)3240年不重复。
UUID是1.5中新增的一个类,在java.util下,用它可以产生一个号称全球唯一的ID
编译运行输出:
07ca3dec-b674-41d0-af9e-9c37583b08bb
两种方式生成guid 与uuid
需要comm log 库
/** * @author Administrator * * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates */ import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.util.Random; public class RandomGUID extends Object { protected final org.apache.commons.logging.Log logger = org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory .getLog(getClass()); public String valueBeforeMD5 = ""; public String valueAfterMD5 = ""; private static Random myRand; private static SecureRandom mySecureRand; private static String s_id; private static final int PAD_BELOW = 0x10; private static final int TWO_BYTES = 0xFF; /* * Static block to take care of one time secureRandom seed. * It takes a few seconds to initialize SecureRandom. You might * want to consider removing this static block or replacing * it with a "time since first loaded" seed to reduce this time. * This block will run only once per JVM instance. */ static { mySecureRand = new SecureRandom(); long secureInitializer = mySecureRand.nextLong(); myRand = new Random(secureInitializer); try { s_id = InetAddress.getLocalHost().toString(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /* * Default constructor. With no specification of security option, * this constructor defaults to lower security, high performance. */ public RandomGUID() { getRandomGUID(false); } /* * Constructor with security option. Setting secure true * enables each random number generated to be cryptographically * strong. Secure false defaults to the standard Random function seeded * with a single cryptographically strong random number. */ public RandomGUID(boolean secure) { getRandomGUID(secure); } /* * Method to generate the random GUID */ private void getRandomGUID(boolean secure) { MessageDigest md5 = null; StringBuffer sbValueBeforeMD5 = new StringBuffer(128); try { md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { logger.error("Error: " + e); } try { long time = System.currentTimeMillis(); long rand = 0; if (secure) { rand = mySecureRand.nextLong(); } else { rand = myRand.nextLong(); } sbValueBeforeMD5.append(s_id); sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":"); sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(time)); sbValueBeforeMD5.append(":"); sbValueBeforeMD5.append(Long.toString(rand)); valueBeforeMD5 = sbValueBeforeMD5.toString(); md5.update(valueBeforeMD5.getBytes()); byte[] array = md5.digest(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(32); for (int j = 0; j < array.length; ++j) { int b = array[j] & TWO_BYTES; if (b < PAD_BELOW) sb.append('0'); sb.append(Integer.toHexString(b)); } valueAfterMD5 = sb.toString(); } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("Error:" + e); } } /* * Convert to the standard format for GUID * (Useful for SQL Server UniqueIdentifiers, etc.) * Example: C2FEEEAC-CFCD-11D1-8B05-00600806D9B6 */ public String toString() { String raw = valueAfterMD5.toUpperCase(); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(64); sb.append(raw.substring(0, 8)); sb.append("-"); sb.append(raw.substring(8, 12)); sb.append("-"); sb.append(raw.substring(12, 16)); sb.append("-"); sb.append(raw.substring(16, 20)); sb.append("-"); sb.append(raw.substring(20)); return sb.toString(); } // Demonstraton and self test of class public static void main(String args[]) { for (int i=0; i< 100; i++) { RandomGUID myGUID = new RandomGUID(); System.out.println("Seeding String=" + myGUID.valueBeforeMD5); System.out.println("rawGUID=" + myGUID.valueAfterMD5); System.out.println("RandomGUID=" + myGUID.toString()); } } }
同样
UUID含义是通用唯一识别码 (Universally Unique Identifier),这 是一个软件建构的标准,也是被开源软件基金会 (Open Software Foundation, OSF) 的组织在分布式计算环境 (Distributed Computing Environment, DCE) 领域的一部份。UUID 的目的,是让分布式系统中的所有元素,都能有唯一的辨识资讯,而不需要透过中央控制端来做辨识资讯的指定。如此一来,每个人都可以建立不与其它人冲突的 UUID。在这样的情况下,就不需考虑数据库建立时的名称重复问题。目前最广泛应用的 UUID,即是微软的 Microsoft's Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs),而其他重要的应用,则有 Linux ext2/ext3 档案系统、LUKS 加密分割区、GNOME、KDE、Mac OS X 等等。
package test; import java.util.UUID; public class UUIDGenerator { public UUIDGenerator() { } public static String getUUID() { UUID uuid = UUID.randomUUID(); String str = uuid.toString(); // 去掉"-"符号 String temp = str.substring(0, 8) + str.substring(9, 13) + str.substring(14, 18) + str.substring(19, 23) + str.substring(24); return str+","+temp; } //获得指定数量的UUID public static String[] getUUID(int number) { if (number < 1) { return null; } String[] ss = new String[number]; for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) { ss[i] = getUUID(); } return ss; } public static void main(String[] args) { String[] ss = getUUID(10); for (int i = 0; i < ss.length; i++) { System.out.println("ss["+i+"]====="+ss[i]); } } }
结果:
ss[0]=====4cdbc040-657a-4847-b266-7e31d9e2c3d9,4cdbc040657a4847b2667e31d9e2c3d9 ss[1]=====72297c88-4260-4c05-9b05-d28bfb11d10b,72297c8842604c059b05d28bfb11d10b ss[2]=====6d513b6a-69bd-4f79-b94c-d65fc841ea95,6d513b6a69bd4f79b94cd65fc841ea95 ss[3]=====d897a7d3-87a3-4e38-9e0b-71013a6dbe4c,d897a7d387a34e389e0b71013a6dbe4c ss[4]=====5709f0ba-31e3-42bd-a28d-03485b257c94,5709f0ba31e342bda28d03485b257c94 ss[5]=====530fbb8c-eec9-48d1-ae1b-5f792daf09f3,530fbb8ceec948d1ae1b5f792daf09f3 ss[6]=====4bf07297-65b2-45ca-b905-6fc6f2f39158,4bf0729765b245cab9056fc6f2f39158 ss[7]=====6e5a0e85-b4a0-485f-be54-a758115317e1,6e5a0e85b4a0485fbe54a758115317e1 ss[8]=====245accec-3c12-4642-967f-e476cef558c4,245accec3c124642967fe476cef558c4 ss[9]=====ddd4b5a9-fecd-446c-bd78-63b70bb500a1,ddd4b5a9fecd446cbd7863b70bb500a1 ss[0]=====4cdbc040-657a-4847-b266-7e31d9e2c3d9,4cdbc040657a4847b2667e31d9e2c3d9 ss[1]=====72297c88-4260-4c05-9b05-d28bfb11d10b,72297c8842604c059b05d28bfb11d10b ss[2]=====6d513b6a-69bd-4f79-b94c-d65fc841ea95,6d513b6a69bd4f79b94cd65fc841ea95 ss[3]=====d897a7d3-87a3-4e38-9e0b-71013a6dbe4c,d897a7d387a34e389e0b71013a6dbe4c ss[4]=====5709f0ba-31e3-42bd-a28d-03485b257c94,5709f0ba31e342bda28d03485b257c94 ss[5]=====530fbb8c-eec9-48d1-ae1b-5f792daf09f3,530fbb8ceec948d1ae1b5f792daf09f3 ss[6]=====4bf07297-65b2-45ca-b905-6fc6f2f39158,4bf0729765b245cab9056fc6f2f39158 ss[7]=====6e5a0e85-b4a0-485f-be54-a758115317e1,6e5a0e85b4a0485fbe54a758115317e1 ss[8]=====245accec-3c12-4642-967f-e476cef558c4,245accec3c124642967fe476cef558c4 ss[9]=====ddd4b5a9-fecd-446c-bd78-63b70bb500a1,ddd4b5a9fecd446cbd7863b70bb500a1
UUID由以下几部分的组合:
(1)当前日期和时间,UUID的第一个部分与时间有关,如果你在生成一个UUID之后,过几秒又生成一个UUID,则第一个部分不同,其余相同。
(2)时钟序列
(3)全局唯一的IEEE机器识别号,如果有网卡,从网卡MAC地址获得,没有网卡以其他方式获得。
UUID的唯一缺陷在于生成的结果串会比较长。关于UUID这个标准使用最普遍的是微软的GUID(Globals Unique Identifiers)。在ColdFusion中可以用CreateUUID()函数很简单的生成UUID,其格式为:xxxxxxxx-xxxx- xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx(8-4-4-16),其中每个 x 是 0-9 或 a-f 范围内的一个十六进制的数字。而标准的UUID格式为:xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxx-xxxxxxxxxx (8-4-4-4-12),可以从cflib 下载CreateGUID() UDF进行转换。
使用UUID的好处在分布式的软件系统中(比如:DCE/RPC, COM+,CORBA)就能体现出来,它能保证每个节点所生成的标识都不会重复,并且随着WEB服务等整合技术的发展,UUID的优势将更加明显。根据使用的特定机制,UUID不仅需要保证是彼此不相同的,或者最少也是与公元3400年之前其他任何生成的通用惟一标识符有非常大的区别。
通用惟一标识符还可以用来指向大多数的可能的物体。微软和其他一些软件公司都倾向使用全球惟一标识符(GUID),这也是通用惟一标识符的一种类型,可用来指向组建对象模块对象和其他的软件组件。第一个通用惟一标识符是在网罗计算机系统(NCS)中创建,并且随后成为开放软件基金会(OSF)的分布式计算环境(DCE)的组件。