一 安装JDK
下载JDK jdk-8u112-linux-i586.tar.gz
解压JDK hadoop@ubuntu:/soft$ tar -zxvf jdk-8u112-linux-i586.tar.gz
配置环境变量 
使配置生效 hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/jdk1.8.0_112$ source /etc/profile
检验配置：hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/jdk1.8.0_112$ java
Usage: java [-options] class [args...]
(to execute a class)
or java [-options] -jar jarfile [args...]
(to execute a jar file)
where options include:
-d32 use a 32-bit data model if available
-d64 use a 64-bit data model if available
-client to select the "client" VM
-server to select the "server" VM
-minimal to select the "minimal" VM
The default VM is client.
-cp <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
-classpath <class search path of directories and zip/jar files>
A : separated list of directories, JAR archives,
and ZIP archives to search for class files.
-D<name>=<value>
set a system property
-verbose:[class|gc|jni]
enable verbose output
-version print product version and exit
-version:<value>
Warning: this feature is deprecated and will be removed
in a future release.
require the specified version to run
-showversion print product version and continue
-jre-restrict-search | -no-jre-restrict-search
Warning: this feature is deprecated and will be removed
in a future release.
include/exclude user private JREs in the version search
-? -help print this help message
-X print help on non-standard options
-ea[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-enableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
enable assertions with specified granularity
-da[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
-disableassertions[:<packagename>...|:<classname>]
disable assertions with specified granularity
-esa | -enablesystemassertions
enable system assertions
-dsa | -disablesystemassertions
disable system assertions
-agentlib:<libname>[=<options>]
load native agent library <libname>, e.g. -agentlib:hprof
see also, -agentlib:jdwp=help and -agentlib:hprof=help
-agentpath:<pathname>[=<options>]
load native agent library by full pathname
-javaagent:<jarpath>[=<options>]
load Java programming language agent, see java.lang.instrument
-splash:<imagepath>
show splash screen with specified image
See http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/documentation/index.html for more details.
检验配置：hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/jdk1.8.0_112$ javac
Usage: javac <options> <source files>
where possible options include:
-g Generate all debugging info
-g:none Generate no debugging info
-g:{lines,vars,source} Generate only some debugging info
-nowarn Generate no warnings
-verbose Output messages about what the compiler is doing
-deprecation Output source locations where deprecated APIs are used
-classpath <path> Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
-cp <path> Specify where to find user class files and annotation processors
-sourcepath <path> Specify where to find input source files
-bootclasspath <path> Override location of bootstrap class files
-extdirs <dirs> Override location of installed extensions
-endorseddirs <dirs> Override location of endorsed standards path
-proc:{none,only} Control whether annotation processing and/or compilation is done.
-processor <class1>[,<class2>,<class3>...] Names of the annotation processors to run; bypasses default discovery process
-processorpath <path> Specify where to find annotation processors
-parameters Generate metadata for reflection on method parameters
-d <directory> Specify where to place generated class files
-s <directory> Specify where to place generated source files
-h <directory> Specify where to place generated native header files
-implicit:{none,class} Specify whether or not to generate class files for implicitly referenced files
-encoding <encoding> Specify character encoding used by source files
-source <release> Provide source compatibility with specified release
-target <release> Generate class files for specific VM version
-profile <profile> Check that API used is available in the specified profile
-version Version information
-help Print a synopsis of standard options
-Akey[=value] Options to pass to annotation processors
-X Print a synopsis of nonstandard options
-J<flag> Pass <flag> directly to the runtime system
-Werror Terminate compilation if warnings occur
@<filename> Read options and filenames from file
二 安装SSH
下载安装： hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/jdk1.8.0_112$ sudo apt-get install ssh
配置无密码登录本机
生成KEY hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/jdk1.8.0_112$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" 回车
追加公钥到授权KEY里 hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/jdk1.8.0_112$ cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
验证SSH
ssh localhost 如果不用输入密码即安装成功
三 安装hadoop及配置
1 下载 hadoop http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.3/hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz
2 解压hadoop hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/hadoop$ tar -zxvf hadoop-2.7.3.tar.gz
3 修改Hadoop-env.sh,添加JAVA_HOME路径
hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3/etc/hadoop$ vim hadoop-env.sh
添加：export JAVA_HOME=/soft/jdk1.8.0_112
4 修改core-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
<value>/soft/hadoop/hdfs-dir</value>
</property>
</configuration>
5修改hdfs-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
6 新建mapred-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapreduce.framwork.name</name>
<value>yarn</value>
</property>
</configuration>
7 配置yarn-site.xml
<configuration>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services</name>
<value>mapreduce_shuffle</value>
</property>
<property>
<name>yarn.nodemanager.aux-services.mapreduce.shuffle.class</name>
<value>org.apache.hadoop.mapred.ShuffleHandler</value>
</property>
</configuration>
8 格式化HDFS文件系统
hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3$ bin/hadoop namenode -format
9 启动相关进程
hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3$ sbin/start-all.sh
10 查看进程是否启动成功
hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3$ jps
6373 SecondaryNameNode
6859 Jps
6523 ResourceManager
6766 NodeManager
6206 DataNode
四 验证安装是否成功
打开浏览器
- 输入：
http://localhost:8088进入ResourceManager管理页面 - 输入：
http://localhost:50070进入HDFS页面
五 测试验证
1新建HDFS文件夹
$ bin/hadoop dfs -mkdir /user
$ bin/hadoop dfs -mkdir /user/hadoop
$ bin/hadoop dfs -mkdir /user/hadoop/input
2 将数据导入HDFS 的input文件夹
$ bin/hadoop dfs -put /etc/protocols /user/hadoop/input
3 执行Hadoop WordCount应用（词频统计）
# 如果存在上一次测试生成的output，由于hadoop的安全机制，直接运行可能会报错，所以请手动删除上一次生成的output文件夹
$ bin/hadoop jar share/hadoop/mapreduce/sources/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.7.3-sources.jar org.apache.hadoop.examples.WordCount input output
4查看运行结果
hadoop@ubuntu:/soft/hadoop/hadoop-2.7.3$ bin/hadoop dfs -cat output/part-r-00000