各种流,晕死我了,用法代码整理一下

重要的流总览

分类	字节输入流	字节输出流	字符输入流	字符输出流
抽象基类	InputStream	OutputStream	Reader	Writer
访问文件	FileInputStream	FileOutputStream	FileReader	FileWriter
缓冲流	BufferedInputStream	BufferedOutputStream	BufferedReader	BufferedWriter
转换流			InputStreamReader	OutputStreamWriter
对象流	ObjectInputStream	ObjectOutputStream

重点流!!

FileInputStream && FileOutputStream

---

//文件输入流 文件输入流
//不带缓冲区的FileInputStream && FileOutputStream
public class BlogTest {

	// 写文件
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        FileOutputStream fos = null;

        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("Numbers");
            for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
                fos.write((char)(Math.random() * 100));

            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
        }

    }

	// 读文件
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        FileInputStream fis = null;

        try {

            fis = new FileInputStream("Numbers");
            int ch;
            while ((ch = fis.read()) != -1) {
                System.out.println(ch);
            }


        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        
    }
    
}

BufferedReader && BufferedWriter

---

public class BlogTest {

// 输出
    @Test
    public void test2(){
        FileWriter fw = null;
        BufferedWriter bw = null;

        try {
            fw = new FileWriter("Numbers2");
            bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);
            for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++) {
                bw.write('a' + i);
                bw.newLine();
            }

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bw != null) {
                try {
                    bw.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
//Reader
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        FileReader fr = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;


        try {
            fr = new FileReader("Numbers2");
            br = new BufferedReader(fr);
            String ch;
            while ((ch = br.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(ch);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (br != null) {
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }

}

利用BufferedXX进行文件复制

    @Test
    public void copy(){
        FileReader fr = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;

        FileWriter fw = null;
        BufferedWriter bw = null;


        try {
            fr = new FileReader("cruel_summer.txt");
            br = new BufferedReader(fr);

            fw = new FileWriter("copy_cruel_summer.txt");
            bw = new BufferedWriter(fw);

            String s;
            while ((s = br.readLine()) != null){
                bw.write(s);
                bw.newLine();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (br != null){
                try {
                    br.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bw != null){
                try {
                    bw.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }


    }

节点流和缓冲流复制大文件效率对比

先说结论:复制文件时使用缓冲流反而慢, 用节点流快

//缓冲流	
@Test
    public void exer2() { // 使用缓冲流反而慢, 用节点流快
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        long l1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try {

            fis = new FileInputStream("day24.zip");
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
            fos = new FileOutputStream("test2.zip");
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
            byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
            int n;
            while ((n = bis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                bos.write(buffer, 0, n);// 实际读了n个, 写n个字节
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (bis != null) {
                try {
                    bis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (bos != null) {
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        long l2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("使用BufferedInputStream : " + (l2 - l1));
    }

  
//节点流
@Test
    public void exer1() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        long l1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("day24.zip");
            fos = new FileOutputStream("test3.zip");
            byte[] buffer = new byte[8192];
            int n;
            while ((n = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                fos.write(buffer, 0, n);// 实际读了n个, 写n个字节
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (fis != null) {
                try {
                    fis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        long l2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("使用inputStream : " + (l2 - l1));
    }

原因是 : BufferedXXX流里本身就有一个缓冲区,来回缓冲效率反而不高.

InputStreamReader && OutputStreamWriter

---

转换流 :

• InputStreamReader 字节流->字符流, 解码
• 在转换时可以指定编码方式
• OutputStreamWriter 字节流->字符流, 编码
• 在转换时可以指定编码方式

// 读取ArrayList.java文件, 写成另一个文件ArrayList_utf8.java
    @Test
    public void test23() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        InputStreamReader isr = null;
        BufferedReader buf = null;

        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
        BufferedWriter bufw = null;

        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("ArrayList.java");
            isr = new InputStreamReader(fis, "gbk"); // 指定编码方式
            buf = new BufferedReader(isr);

            fos = new FileOutputStream("ArrayList_utf8.java");
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "utf8");
            bufw = new BufferedWriter(osw);

            String s;
            while ((s = buf.readLine()) != null) {
                System.out.println(s);
                bufw.write(s);
                bufw.newLine();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (buf != null) {
                try {
                    buf.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            if (bufw != null) {
                try {
                    bufw.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }


@Test
    public void test21() {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        OutputStreamWriter osw = null;
        BufferedWriter buf = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("转换流写文本");
            //osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos); // 转换时以默认编码方式
            osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "gbk"); // 转换时以gbk编码
            buf = new BufferedWriter(osw);

            buf.write("alsdkjfalksjfdlkajsdf");
            buf.newLine();
            buf.write("来一些汉字");
            buf.newLine();
            buf.write("134234234234234");
            buf.newLine();
            buf.write("来一些汉字2");
            buf.newLine();
            buf.write("来一些汉字3");
            buf.newLine();
            buf.write("来一些汉字4");
            buf.newLine();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (buf != null) {
                try {
                    buf.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

ObjectInputStream && ObjectOutputStream

---

需求: 先写随机个随机整数,再写随机个随机long型整数

思路:在文件内先写入随机数的个数当做标识.

  @Test
    public void test2() {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        ObjectInputStream ois = null;
        try {
            fis = new FileInputStream("随机数");
            ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
            // 不知道有多少个随机数
            int count = ois.readInt();
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                int i1 = ois.readInt();
                System.out.println(i1);
            }
            System.out.println("*****************************");
            int count2 = ois.readInt();
            for (int i = 0; i < count2; i++) {
                long l = ois.readLong();
                System.out.println(l);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (ois != null) {
                try {
                    ois.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
        try {
            fos = new FileOutputStream("随机数");
            oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
            int rand = (int)(Math.random() * 100);
            oos.writeInt(rand); // 先写整数个数
            for (int i = 0; i < rand; i++) { // 实际再写整数
                oos.writeInt((int)(Math.random() * 100));
            }
            int rand2 = (int)(Math.random() * 100);
            oos.writeInt(rand2); // 写long个数
            for (int i = 0; i < rand2; i++) {
                oos.writeLong((int)(Math.random() * 10000));
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (oos != null) {
                try {
                    oos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

序列化 && 反序列化

---

• 对象序列化 : 把对象在GC区中的数据写入输出流 ObjectOutputStream writeObject

  ​ 要想序列化的对象的类必须实现Serializable接口

  ​ 静态属性和transient修饰的成员不能被序列化.

• 反序列化 : 把输入流中的数据还原成对象