创建型设计模式（工厂模式）

在工厂模式中，我们创建对象而不将创建逻辑暴露给客户端。

首先，我们设计一个接口来表示Shape。

public interface Shape {
   void draw();
}

然后我们创建实现接口的具体类。　　

public class Rectangle implements Shape {
   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Inside Rectangle::draw() method.");
   }
}

public class Square implements Shape {

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Inside Square::draw() method.");
   }
}

public class Circle implements Shape {

   @Override
   public void draw() {
      System.out.println("Inside Circle::draw() method.");
   }
}

核心工厂模式是一个Factory类。以下代码显示了如何为Shape对象创建Factory类。

ShapeFactory类基于传递给getShape（）方法的String值创建Shape对象。如果String值为CIRCLE，它将创建一个Circle对象。

public class ShapeFactory {
  
   //use getShape method to get object of type shape 
   public Shape getShape(String shapeType){
      if(shapeType == null){
         return null;
      }    
      if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")){
         return new Circle();
      } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")){
         return new Rectangle();
      } else if(shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("SQUARE")){
         return new Square();
      }
      return null;
   }
}

　　以下代码具有main方法，并且它使用Factory类通过传递类型等信息来获取具体类的对象。

public class Main {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ShapeFactory shapeFactory = new ShapeFactory();

      //get an object of Circle and call its draw method.
      Shape shape1 = shapeFactory.getShape("CIRCLE");

      //call draw method of Circle
      shape1.draw();

      //get an object of Rectangle and call its draw method.
      Shape shape2 = shapeFactory.getShape("RECTANGLE");

      //call draw method of Rectangle
      shape2.draw();

      //get an object of Square and call its draw method.
      Shape shape3 = shapeFactory.getShape("SQUARE");

      //call draw method of circle
      shape3.draw();
   }
}