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  • 剑指Offer面试题:18.二叉树的镜像

    一、题目:二叉树的镜像

    题目:请完成一个函数,输入一个二叉树,该函数输出它的镜像。例如下图所示,左图是原二叉树,而右图则是该二叉树的镜像。

      该二叉树节点的定义如下,采用C#语言描述:

        public class BinaryTreeNode
        {
            public int Data { get; set; }
            public BinaryTreeNode leftChild { get; set; }
            public BinaryTreeNode rightChild { get; set; }
    
            public BinaryTreeNode(int data)
            {
                this.Data = data;
            }
    
            public BinaryTreeNode(int data, BinaryTreeNode left, BinaryTreeNode right)
            {
                this.Data = data;
                this.leftChild = left;
                this.rightChild = right;
            }
        }

    二、解题思路

    2.1 核心步骤

      Step1.先序遍历原二叉树的每个节点,如果遍历到的结点有子结点,就交换它的两个子结点。

      Step2.递归遍历每个节点的子节点,同样,如果遍历到的子节点有子节点,就交换它的两个子节点。

      当交换完所有非叶子结点的左右子结点之后,就得到了树的镜像。下图展示了求二叉树的镜像的过程:

    2.2 代码实现

      (1)递归版实现

        public static void SetMirrorRecursively(BinaryTreeNode root)
        {
            if (root == null || (root.leftChild == null && root.rightChild == null))
            {
                return;
            }
    
            BinaryTreeNode tempNode = root.leftChild;
            root.leftChild = root.rightChild;
            root.rightChild = tempNode;
    
            if (root.leftChild != null)
            {
                // 递归调整左子树为镜像
                SetMirrorRecursively(root.leftChild);
            }
    
            if (root.rightChild != null)
            {
                // 递归调整右子树为镜像
                SetMirrorRecursively(root.rightChild);
            }
        }

      (2)循环版实现

        public static void SetMirrorIteratively(BinaryTreeNode root)
        {
            if (root == null)
            {
                return;
            }
    
            Stack<BinaryTreeNode> stack = new Stack<BinaryTreeNode>();
            stack.Push(root);
    
            while (stack.Count > 0)
            {
                BinaryTreeNode node = stack.Pop();
    
                BinaryTreeNode temp = node.leftChild;
                node.leftChild = node.rightChild;
                node.rightChild = temp;
    
                if (node.leftChild != null)
                {
                    stack.Push(node.leftChild);
                }
    
                if (node.rightChild != null)
                {
                    stack.Push(node.rightChild);
                }
            }
        }

    三、单元测试

      为了便于测试,封装了两个辅助方法,设置孩子节点和生成层次遍历的字符串:

        /// <summary>
        /// 辅助方法:设置root的lChild与rChild
        /// </summary>
        public void SetSubTreeNode(BinaryTreeNode root, BinaryTreeNode lChild, BinaryTreeNode rChild)
        {
            if (root == null)
            {
                return;
            }
    
            root.leftChild = lChild;
            root.rightChild = rChild;
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// 辅助方法:生成二叉树元素的字符串用于对比
        /// </summary>
        public string GetNodeString(BinaryTreeNode root)
        {
            if (root == null)
            {
                return null;
            }
    
            StringBuilder sbResult = new StringBuilder();
    
            Queue<BinaryTreeNode> queueNodes = new Queue<BinaryTreeNode>();
            queueNodes.Enqueue(root);
            BinaryTreeNode tempNode = null;
            // 利用队列先进先出的特性存储节点并输出
            while (queueNodes.Count > 0)
            {
                tempNode = queueNodes.Dequeue();
                sbResult.Append(tempNode.Data);
    
                if (tempNode.leftChild != null)
                {
                    queueNodes.Enqueue(tempNode.leftChild);
                }
    
                if (tempNode.rightChild != null)
                {
                    queueNodes.Enqueue(tempNode.rightChild);
                }
            }
    
            return sbResult.ToString();
        } 
    View Code

    3.1 功能测试

        // 01.测试完全二叉树:除了叶子节点,其他节点都有两个子节点
        //            8
        //        6      10
        //       5 7    9  11
        [TestMethod]
        public void MirrorTest1()
        {
            BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
            BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
            BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(10);
            BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
            BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
            BinaryTreeNode node6 = new BinaryTreeNode(9);
            BinaryTreeNode node7 = new BinaryTreeNode(11);
    
            SetSubTreeNode(node1, node2, node3);
            SetSubTreeNode(node2, node4, node5);
            SetSubTreeNode(node3, node6, node7);
    
            BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
            string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
            Assert.AreEqual(completed,"810611975");
        }
    
        // 02.测试二叉树:出叶子结点之外,左右的结点都有且只有一个左子结点
        //            8
        //          7   
        //        6 
        //      5
        //    4
        [TestMethod]
        public void MirrorTest2()
        {
            BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
            BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
            BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
            BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
            BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);
    
            node1.leftChild = node2;
            node2.leftChild = node3;
            node3.leftChild = node4;
            node4.leftChild = node5;
    
            BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
            string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
            Assert.AreEqual(completed, "87654");
        }
    
        // 03.测试二叉树:出叶子结点之外,左右的结点都有且只有一个右子结点
        //            8
        //             7   
        //              6 
        //               5
        //                4
        [TestMethod]
        public void MirrorTest3()
        {
            BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
            BinaryTreeNode node2 = new BinaryTreeNode(7);
            BinaryTreeNode node3 = new BinaryTreeNode(6);
            BinaryTreeNode node4 = new BinaryTreeNode(5);
            BinaryTreeNode node5 = new BinaryTreeNode(4);
    
            node1.rightChild = node2;
            node2.rightChild = node3;
            node3.rightChild = node4;
            node4.rightChild = node5;
    
            BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
            string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
            Assert.AreEqual(completed, "87654");
        }

    3.2 特殊输入测试

        // 04.测试只有一个结点的二叉树
        //    8
        [TestMethod]
        public void MirrorTest4()
        {
            BinaryTreeNode node1 = new BinaryTreeNode(8);
    
            BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
            string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
            Assert.AreEqual(completed, "8");
        }
    
        // 05.测试空二叉树:根结点为空指针
        [TestMethod]
        public void MirrorTest5()
        {
            BinaryTreeNode node1 = null;
            BinaryTreeHelper.SetMirrorIteratively(node1);
            string completed = GetNodeString(node1);
            Assert.AreEqual(completed, null);
        }

    3.3 测试结果

      (1)测试通过情况

      (2)代码覆盖率

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/edisonchou/p/4774626.html
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