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  • java web开发入门六(spring mvc)基于intellig idea

    spring mvc

     ssm=spring mvc+spring +mybatis

    spring mvc工作流程

    1A)客户端发出http请求,只要请求形式符合web.xml文件中配置的*.action的话,就由DispatcherServlet来处理。

    1B)DispatcherServlet再将http请求委托给映射器的对象来将http请求交给对应的Action来处理

    2)映射器根据客户的http请求,再对比<bean name="/hello.action如果匹配正确,再将http请求交给程序员写的Action

    3)执行Action中的业务方法,最终返回一个名叫ModelAndView的对象,其中封装了向视图发送的数据和视图的逻辑名

    4)ModelAndView对象随着响应到到DispatcherServlet中了

    5)这时DispatcherServlet收到了ModelAndView对象,它也不知道视图逻辑名是何意,又得委托一个名叫视图解析器的对象去具体解析ModelAndView对象中的内容

    6)将视图解析器解析后的内容,再次交由DispatcherServlet核心控制器,这时核心控制器再将请求转发到具体的视图页面,取出数据,再显示给用户

    XML实现spring mvc

    开发步骤:

    注意:使用的spring framework版本是:4.2.5

    1.引入jar包:

    spring核心包

    commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
    spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-context-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-core-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-expression-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

    spring mvc包

    spring-web-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-webmvc-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

    2.xml配置

    web.xml配置

    配置spring mvc核心控制器

    解决提交表单中文乱码

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
    
        <!-- 注册springmvc核心控制器-->
        <servlet>
            <!--servlet-name的值对应一个文件:/WEB-INF/DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml   -->
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <!-- 指定application.xml文件 -->
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    
        <!--spring编码过滤器:解决POST提交中文乱码问题-->
        <filter>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    
    
    </web-app>
    View Code

    springmvc.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-mvc.xsd
    
    ">
    
        <!-- 1.注册Action(必须配置) -->
        <bean name="/hello.action" class="com.eggtwo.action.HelloController"></bean>
    
        <!--2.映射器:如果将bean标签的name属性值作为请求URL.此标签可以省略-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>
    
        <!--3.适配器:实现了Controller接口的适配器,默认可省略-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
    
        <!--4.视图解析器-->
        <!--
            如果Action中书写的是视图逻辑名称,那么视图解析器就必须配置
            如果Action中书写的是视图真实名称,那么视图解析器就不能配置
        -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 路径前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <!-- 路径后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
            <!-- 前缀+视图逻辑名+后缀=真实路径 -->
        </bean>
    </beans>
    View Code

    3.编写Action

    package com.eggtwo.action;
    
    
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
    
    
    public class HelloController implements Controller {
        @Override
        public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
            ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
            modelAndView.addObject("message", "这是我的第二个springmvc应用程序,视图使用逻辑名");
    
            //原来封装视图的真实路径
         // modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp");
    
            String name = request.getParameter("name");//获取表单提交的数据
            System.out.println("姓名:"+name);
    
            //现在封装视图的逻辑名称
            modelAndView.setViewName("success");
    
            return modelAndView;
        }
    
    }
    View Code

    注解实现spring mvc

    解决的问题:

    1.一个controller中放置多个action

    2.获取get/post请求的参数(action接收的string类型的date参数怎么转成date)

    3.限定action只能接收一种请求方式(get/post)

    4.解决表单提交的中文乱码

    5.在action中获取request/response

    6.在action中重定向

    7.action返回值类型(返回html、string、json、file等等)

    8.在action中获取request

    1.引入jar包:

    spring核心包

    commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
    spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-context-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-core-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-expression-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

    spring aop包(注解会使用到aop)

    aopalliance.jar
    aspectjrt.jar
    aspectjweaver.jar
    spring-aop-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

    spring mvc包

    spring-web-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
    spring-webmvc-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar

    2.配置XML:

    web.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
             version="4.0">
    
        <!-- 注册springmvc核心控制器-->
        <servlet>
            <!--servlet-name的值对应一个文件:/WEB-INF/DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml   -->
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <!-- 指定application.xml文件 -->
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>classpath:spring_annotation.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
    
    
        <!--spring编码过滤器:解决POST提交中文乱码问题-->
        <filter>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>encoding</param-name>
                <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
            </init-param>
        </filter>
        <filter-mapping>
            <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
        </filter-mapping>
    
    
    
    
    </web-app>
    View Code

    spring  mvc xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
           xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
           xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
             http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
               http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-mvc.xsd
    
    ">
        <!--让spring ioc去扫描具体包下的所有具有注解@Controller的类-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.eggtwo.action"></context:component-scan>
    
        <!--注解映射器:可省略-->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"></bean>
    
    
        <!--视图解析器-->
        <!--
            如果Action中书写的是视图逻辑名称,那么视图解析器就必须配置
            如果Action中书写的是视图真实名称,那么视图解析器就不能配置
        -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 路径前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <!-- 路径后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
            <!-- 前缀+视图逻辑名+后缀=真实路径 -->
        </bean>
    </beans>
    View Code

    3.开发controller 和action:

    package com.eggtwo.action;
    
    import com.eggtwo.entity.Student;
    import com.sun.org.apache.regexp.internal.RE;
    import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.ui.Model;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestDataBinder;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import java.text.DateFormat;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;
    
    
    /**
     * 此控制器是单例模式,构造函数只执行一次
     * 注解控制器
     */
    @Controller
    @RequestMapping(value = "/anno")
    public class AnnotationController {
    
        public AnnotationController() {
            System.out.println("AnnotationController()");
        }
    
        @RequestMapping(value = "/login.action")
        public String login(Model model) {
            model.addAttribute("message", "第一个注解实现的spring mvc login");
            return "success";//逻辑名称,需要配置视图解析器
            //return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 设置请求的url,接收参数的方式,请求的方式(get/post)(默认get/post请求都支持)
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/register1.action", method = {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET})
        public String register1(Model model, String name, int age, boolean man) {
    
            model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功");
            return "success";
            // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 请求url中的.action可以省略
         */
        @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String register(Model model, Student student) {
            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
    
            System.out.println(student.getBirthday());
            model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功");
            model.addAttribute("student", student);
    
            return "success";
            // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 日期类型转换器
         *
         * @param binder
         */
        @InitBinder
        public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) {
            //设置什么类型的时间格式可以转
            SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
            dateFormat.setLenient(false);
            binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(dateFormat, true));//true:允许为空, false:不允许为空
        }
    }
    View Code

    3.1action向view视图(jsp页面传值)

       @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String register(Model model, Student student) {     
            model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功");
            model.addAttribute("student", student);
            return "success";   
    
        }

    3.2指定action加载返回的视图(jsp页面)

    指定物理视图名称:

    return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";

    指定逻辑视图名称:

     return "success";

    逻辑视图需要在spring mvc文件配置视图解析器

    <!--视图解析器-->
        <!--
            如果Action中书写的是视图逻辑名称,那么视图解析器就必须配置
            如果Action中书写的是视图真实名称,那么视图解析器就不能配置
        -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- 路径前缀 -->
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <!-- 路径后缀 -->
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
            <!-- 前缀+视图逻辑名+后缀=真实路径 -->
        </bean>

    4.URL配置:

    在controller和请求action上配置

    @RequestMapping(value = "/anno")

    5.请求方式配置:

    @RequestMapping(value = "/register1.action", method = {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET})
    @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)

    如果不配置method,默认支持所有请求方式

    6.请求参数接收:

    1.变量直接接收:方法的变量名要和表单的name值保持一致,多用于get查询请求

     @RequestMapping(value = "/register1.action", method = {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET})
        public String register1(Model model, String name, int age, boolean man) {
    
            model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功");
            return "success";
            // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";
    
        }

    2.模型绑定接收:方法的变量名要和表单的name值保持一致,可以设置多个模型,多用于表单提交

     @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public String register(Model model, Student student) {
            System.out.println(student.getBirthday());
            model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功");
            model.addAttribute("student", student);
    
            return "success";
            // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";
    
        }

    3.数组参数接收:批量删除时用于接收ids,批量添加

    ids为checkbox的名称

       @RequestMapping(value = "/batchDelete.action")
        public String register(Model model, Integer[] ids) {
            for(int id :ids){
                System.out.println(id);
            }
            return "success";
    
        }

    4.接收List<javaBean>集合

    7.内部转发和重定向

    内部 转发,url不变:可以使用model在多个action中传值,因为model是request域对象

     @RequestMapping(value = "/forward.action")
        public String forward(Model model) {
            return "forward:/anno/login.action";
        }

    URL重定向,以url后缀的方式进行传值

        @RequestMapping(value = "/go.action")
        public String go(Model model) {
            return "redirect:/anno/login.action?id=3";
        }

    8.action返回json和字符串

    第一步:导入json包

    jackson-annotations-2.6.0-xh.jar

    jackson-core-2.6.0-xh.jar

    jackson-databind-2.6.0-xh.jar

    jackson-jr-all-2.4.3-xh.jar

    第二步:在action请求方法上使用@ResponseBody注解表示该方法的返回值放在响应体(Response Body)返回给用户

     第三步:在springmvc xml文件中配置json解析适配器

        <!-- 注册json解析适配器 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
            <property name="messageConverters">
                <list>
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>

    第四步:开发action

    返回json 

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getJson.action")
        @ResponseBody
        public  Student getJson() {
            Student student = new Student();
            student.setName("测试");
            student.setMan(true);
            student.setBirthday(new Date());
            student.setAge(14);
            student.setScore(12.254);
            return student;
        }

     返回字符串

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getString.action",method = RequestMethod.GET)
        @ResponseBody
        public String getString() {
            return "直接返回字符串";
        }

    9.在action中获取当前请求的request

    在controller中添加如下特性:可以放在baseController

    
    
    @Autowired
    protected HttpServletRequest request; //自动注入request
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/eggTwo/p/11822378.html
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