spring mvc
ssm=spring mvc+spring +mybatis
spring mvc工作流程
1A)客户端发出http请求,只要请求形式符合web.xml文件中配置的*.action的话,就由DispatcherServlet来处理。
1B)DispatcherServlet再将http请求委托给映射器的对象来将http请求交给对应的Action来处理
2)映射器根据客户的http请求,再对比<bean name="/hello.action如果匹配正确,再将http请求交给程序员写的Action
3)执行Action中的业务方法,最终返回一个名叫ModelAndView的对象,其中封装了向视图发送的数据和视图的逻辑名
4)ModelAndView对象随着响应到到DispatcherServlet中了
5)这时DispatcherServlet收到了ModelAndView对象,它也不知道视图逻辑名是何意,又得委托一个名叫视图解析器的对象去具体解析ModelAndView对象中的内容
6)将视图解析器解析后的内容,再次交由DispatcherServlet核心控制器,这时核心控制器再将请求转发到具体的视图页面,取出数据,再显示给用户
XML实现spring mvc
开发步骤:
注意:使用的spring framework版本是:4.2.5
1.引入jar包:
spring核心包
commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring mvc包
spring-web-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
2.xml配置
web.xml配置
配置spring mvc核心控制器
解决提交表单中文乱码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!-- 注册springmvc核心控制器--> <servlet> <!--servlet-name的值对应一个文件:/WEB-INF/DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml --> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!-- 指定application.xml文件 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--spring编码过滤器:解决POST提交中文乱码问题--> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
springmvc.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-mvc.xsd "> <!-- 1.注册Action(必须配置) --> <bean name="/hello.action" class="com.eggtwo.action.HelloController"></bean> <!--2.映射器:如果将bean标签的name属性值作为请求URL.此标签可以省略--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean> <!--3.适配器:实现了Controller接口的适配器,默认可省略--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean> <!--4.视图解析器--> <!-- 如果Action中书写的是视图逻辑名称,那么视图解析器就必须配置 如果Action中书写的是视图真实名称,那么视图解析器就不能配置 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 路径前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 路径后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <!-- 前缀+视图逻辑名+后缀=真实路径 --> </bean> </beans>
3.编写Action
package com.eggtwo.action; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.lang.annotation.Annotation; public class HelloController implements Controller { @Override public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView(); modelAndView.addObject("message", "这是我的第二个springmvc应用程序,视图使用逻辑名"); //原来封装视图的真实路径 // modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp"); String name = request.getParameter("name");//获取表单提交的数据 System.out.println("姓名:"+name); //现在封装视图的逻辑名称 modelAndView.setViewName("success"); return modelAndView; } }
注解实现spring mvc
解决的问题:
1.一个controller中放置多个action
2.获取get/post请求的参数(action接收的string类型的date参数怎么转成date)
3.限定action只能接收一种请求方式(get/post)
4.解决表单提交的中文乱码
5.在action中获取request/response
6.在action中重定向
7.action返回值类型(返回html、string、json、file等等)
8.在action中获取request
1.引入jar包:
spring核心包
commons-logging-1.1.3.jar
spring-beans-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-context-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-core-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-expression-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring aop包(注解会使用到aop)
aopalliance.jar
aspectjrt.jar
aspectjweaver.jar
spring-aop-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring mvc包
spring-web-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
spring-webmvc-4.2.5.RELEASE.jar
2.配置XML:
web.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <!-- 注册springmvc核心控制器--> <servlet> <!--servlet-name的值对应一个文件:/WEB-INF/DispatcherServlet-servlet.xml --> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!-- 指定application.xml文件 --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring_annotation.xml</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!--spring编码过滤器:解决POST提交中文乱码问题--> <filter> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>utf-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
spring mvc xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-mvc.xsd "> <!--让spring ioc去扫描具体包下的所有具有注解@Controller的类--> <context:component-scan base-package="com.eggtwo.action"></context:component-scan> <!--注解映射器:可省略--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"></bean> <!--视图解析器--> <!-- 如果Action中书写的是视图逻辑名称,那么视图解析器就必须配置 如果Action中书写的是视图真实名称,那么视图解析器就不能配置 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 路径前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 路径后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <!-- 前缀+视图逻辑名+后缀=真实路径 --> </bean> </beans>
3.开发controller 和action:
package com.eggtwo.action; import com.eggtwo.entity.Student; import com.sun.org.apache.regexp.internal.RE; import org.springframework.beans.propertyeditors.CustomDateEditor; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.ServletRequestDataBinder; import org.springframework.web.bind.WebDataBinder; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.InitBinder; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.context.request.WebRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.text.DateFormat; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; /** * 此控制器是单例模式,构造函数只执行一次 * 注解控制器 */ @Controller @RequestMapping(value = "/anno") public class AnnotationController { public AnnotationController() { System.out.println("AnnotationController()"); } @RequestMapping(value = "/login.action") public String login(Model model) { model.addAttribute("message", "第一个注解实现的spring mvc login"); return "success";//逻辑名称,需要配置视图解析器 //return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp"; } /** * 设置请求的url,接收参数的方式,请求的方式(get/post)(默认get/post请求都支持) */ @RequestMapping(value = "/register1.action", method = {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET}) public String register1(Model model, String name, int age, boolean man) { model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功"); return "success"; // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp"; } /** * 请求url中的.action可以省略 */ @RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String register(Model model, Student student) { SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"); System.out.println(student.getBirthday()); model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功"); model.addAttribute("student", student); return "success"; // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp"; } /** * 日期类型转换器 * * @param binder */ @InitBinder public void initBinder(WebDataBinder binder) { //设置什么类型的时间格式可以转 SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); dateFormat.setLenient(false); binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(dateFormat, true));//true:允许为空, false:不允许为空 } }
3.1action向view视图(jsp页面传值)
@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String register(Model model, Student student) { model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功"); model.addAttribute("student", student); return "success"; }
3.2指定action加载返回的视图(jsp页面)
指定物理视图名称:
return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp";
指定逻辑视图名称:
return "success";
逻辑视图需要在spring mvc文件配置视图解析器
<!--视图解析器--> <!-- 如果Action中书写的是视图逻辑名称,那么视图解析器就必须配置 如果Action中书写的是视图真实名称,那么视图解析器就不能配置 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <!-- 路径前缀 --> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/> <!-- 路径后缀 --> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> <!-- 前缀+视图逻辑名+后缀=真实路径 --> </bean>
4.URL配置:
在controller和请求action上配置
@RequestMapping(value = "/anno")
5.请求方式配置:
@RequestMapping(value = "/register1.action", method = {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET})
@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
如果不配置method,默认支持所有请求方式
6.请求参数接收:
1.变量直接接收:方法的变量名要和表单的name值保持一致,多用于get查询请求
@RequestMapping(value = "/register1.action", method = {RequestMethod.POST, RequestMethod.GET}) public String register1(Model model, String name, int age, boolean man) { model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功"); return "success"; // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp"; }
2.模型绑定接收:方法的变量名要和表单的name值保持一致,可以设置多个模型,多用于表单提交
@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String register(Model model, Student student) { System.out.println(student.getBirthday()); model.addAttribute("message", "注册成功"); model.addAttribute("student", student); return "success"; // return "/WEB-INF/jsp/success.jsp"; }
3.数组参数接收:批量删除时用于接收ids,批量添加
ids为checkbox的名称
@RequestMapping(value = "/batchDelete.action") public String register(Model model, Integer[] ids) { for(int id :ids){ System.out.println(id); } return "success"; }
4.接收List<javaBean>集合
7.内部转发和重定向
内部 转发,url不变:可以使用model在多个action中传值,因为model是request域对象
@RequestMapping(value = "/forward.action") public String forward(Model model) { return "forward:/anno/login.action"; }
URL重定向,以url后缀的方式进行传值
@RequestMapping(value = "/go.action") public String go(Model model) { return "redirect:/anno/login.action?id=3"; }
8.action返回json和字符串
第一步:导入json包
jackson-annotations-2.6.0-xh.jar
jackson-core-2.6.0-xh.jar
jackson-databind-2.6.0-xh.jar
jackson-jr-all-2.4.3-xh.jar
第二步:在action请求方法上使用@ResponseBody注解表示该方法的返回值放在响应体(Response Body)返回给用户
第三步:在springmvc xml文件中配置json解析适配器
<!-- 注册json解析适配器 --> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"> <property name="messageConverters"> <list> <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter"/> </list> </property> </bean>
第四步:开发action
返回json
@RequestMapping(value = "/getJson.action") @ResponseBody public Student getJson() { Student student = new Student(); student.setName("测试"); student.setMan(true); student.setBirthday(new Date()); student.setAge(14); student.setScore(12.254); return student; }
返回字符串
@RequestMapping(value = "/getString.action",method = RequestMethod.GET) @ResponseBody public String getString() { return "直接返回字符串"; }
9.在action中获取当前请求的request
在controller中添加如下特性:可以放在baseController
@Autowired protected HttpServletRequest request; //自动注入request