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  • MVC源码解析

    先看一张图, 从这张图里, 能看到请求是如何从CLR进入HttpRuntime的.

    一、AppManagerAppDomainFactory 

    看到这张图是从 AppManagerAppDomainFactory 开始的, 按照汤姆大叔博文中所说, 是在CLR初始化加载的时候, 来加载这个类的. 那么来看一下这个类吧.

    使用Reflector反编译搜索AppManagerAppDomainFactory 类, 可以看到(由于这个类并不多, 那么我先贴一个完整的出来吧):

    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public sealed class AppManagerAppDomainFactory : IAppManagerAppDomainFactory
    {
        // Fields
        private ApplicationManager _appManager = ApplicationManager.GetApplicationManager();
    
        // Methods
        public AppManagerAppDomainFactory()
        {
            this._appManager.Open();
        }
    
        internal static string ConstructSimpleAppName(string virtPath)
        {
            if (virtPath.Length > 1)
            {
                return virtPath.Substring(1).ToLower(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture).Replace('/', '_');
            }
            if (!BuildManagerHost.InClientBuildManager && HostingEnvironment.IsDevelopmentEnvironment)
            {
                return "vs";
            }
            return "root";
        }
    
        [return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Interface)]
        public object Create(string appId, string appPath)
        {
            object obj2;
            try
            {
                if (appPath[0] == '.')
                {
                    FileInfo info = new FileInfo(appPath);
                    appPath = info.FullName;
                }
                if (!StringUtil.StringEndsWith(appPath, '\'))
                {
                    appPath = appPath + @"";
                }
                ISAPIApplicationHost appHost = new ISAPIApplicationHost(appId, appPath, false);
                ISAPIRuntime o = (ISAPIRuntime) this._appManager.CreateObjectInternal(appId, typeof(ISAPIRuntime), appHost, false, null);
                o.StartProcessing();
                obj2 = new ObjectHandle(o);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                throw;
            }
            return obj2;
        }
    
        public void Stop()
        {
            this._appManager.Close();
        }
    }

    至于这里详细的解说, 推荐去 MVC之前的那些事儿 去瞧瞧, 这里并不是我想表述的重点, 就不介绍了. 

    只要知道, 按照大叔的说法, 这里, 在CreateObjectInternal方法中, 创建了AppDomain, 创建了HostingEnvironment等一些列操作.

    后续所有的比如HttpRuntime, HttpContext等, 都是依托于这个AppDomain. 

    二、主题

    经过各种我不知道的内部处理, 非托管代码开始正式调用 ISAPIRuntime 的 ProcessRequest(后面简称为PR方法)了.

    (ISPAIRuntime继承了IISPAIRuntime接口,该接口可以和COM进行交互,并且暴露了ProcessRequest接口方法)

    不要问我为什么会调用PR方法, 因为我也不知道, 但是真的是这个方法. 

    public sealed class ISAPIRuntime : MarshalByRefObject, IISAPIRuntime, IISAPIRuntime2, IRegisteredObject
    {
        // Fields
        private static int _isThisAppDomainRemovedFromUnmanagedTable;
        private const int WORKER_REQUEST_TYPE_IN_PROC = 0;
        private const int WORKER_REQUEST_TYPE_IN_PROC_VERSION_2 = 2;
        private const int WORKER_REQUEST_TYPE_OOP = 1;
    
        // Methods
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.Demand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public ISAPIRuntime();
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public void DoGCCollect();
        public override object InitializeLifetimeService();
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public int ProcessRequest(IntPtr ecb, int iWRType);
        internal static void RemoveThisAppDomainFromUnmanagedTable();
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public void StartProcessing();
        [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
        public void StopProcessing();
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        void IISAPIRuntime2.DoGCCollect();
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        int IISAPIRuntime2.ProcessRequest(IntPtr ecb, int iWRType);
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        void IISAPIRuntime2.StartProcessing();
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        void IISAPIRuntime2.StopProcessing();
        void IRegisteredObject.Stop(bool immediate);
    }

    这里有个方法, 看名字就觉得好熟悉, 好吧, 点进去看一下:

    GC 一个叫垃圾回收的东东, 好熟悉的名字. OK, 这不是重点, 接下来继续.

    [SecurityPermission(SecurityAction.LinkDemand, Unrestricted=true)]
    public int ProcessRequest(IntPtr ecb, int iWRType)
    {
        IntPtr zero = IntPtr.Zero;
        if (iWRType == 2)
        {
            zero = ecb;
            ecb = UnsafeNativeMethods.GetEcb(zero);
        }
        ISAPIWorkerRequest wr = null;
        try
        {
            bool useOOP = iWRType == 1;
            wr = ISAPIWorkerRequest.CreateWorkerRequest(ecb, useOOP);
            wr.Initialize();
            string appPathTranslated = wr.GetAppPathTranslated();
            string appDomainAppPathInternal = HttpRuntime.AppDomainAppPathInternal;
            if ((appDomainAppPathInternal == null) || StringUtil.EqualsIgnoreCase(appPathTranslated, appDomainAppPathInternal))
            {
                HttpRuntime.ProcessRequestNoDemand(wr);
                return 0;
            }
            HttpRuntime.ShutdownAppDomain(ApplicationShutdownReason.PhysicalApplicationPathChanged, 
          SR.GetString(
    "Hosting_Phys_Path_Changed",
          new object[] { appDomainAppPathInternal, appPathTranslated })); return 1; } catch (Exception exception) { try { WebBaseEvent.RaiseRuntimeError(exception, this); } catch { } if ((wr == null) || !(wr.Ecb == IntPtr.Zero)) { throw; } if (zero != IntPtr.Zero) { UnsafeNativeMethods.SetDoneWithSessionCalled(zero); } if (exception is ThreadAbortException) { Thread.ResetAbort(); } return 0; } }

    第一个注意到的就是该方法的IntPtr类型的参数ecb,ecb是啥?ecb是一个非托管的指针,全称是Execution Control Block,在整个Http Request Processing过程中起着非常重要的作用,我们现在来简单介绍一个ECB。

     

    非托管环境ISAPI对ISAPIRuntime的调用,需要传递一些必须的数据,比如ISAPIRuntime要获取Server Variable的数据,获取通过Post Mehod传回Server的数据;以及最终将Response的内容返回给非托管环境ISAPI,然后呈现给Client用户。一般地ISAPIRuntime不能直接调用ISAPI,所以这里就通过一个对象指针实现对其的调用,这个对象就是ECB,ECB实现了对非托管环境ISAPI的访问。

     

    还有一点特别需要强调的是,ISAPI对ISAPIRutime的调用是异步的,也就是说ISAPI调用ISAPIRutime之后立即返回。这主要是出于Performance和Responsibility考虑的,因为ASP.NET Application天生就是一个多线程的应用,为了具有更好的响应能力,异步操作是最有效的解决方式。但是这里就会有一个问题,我们知道我们对ASP.NET 资源的调用本质上是一个Request/Response的Message Exchange Pattern,异步调用往往意味着ISAPI将Request传递给ISAPIRuntime,将不能得到ISAPIRuntime最终生成的Response,这显然是不能接受的。而ECB解决了这个问题,ISAPI在调用ISAPIRutime的ProcessRequest方法时会将自己对应的ECB的指针传给它,ISAPIRutime不但可以将最终生成的Response返回给ISAPI,还能通过ECB调用ISAPI获得一些所需的数据。

     1. CreateWorkerRequest

     这个方法还是要看一下的, 有收获哦.

    internal static ISAPIWorkerRequest CreateWorkerRequest(IntPtr ecb, bool useOOP)
    {
        if (useOOP)
        {
            EtwTrace.TraceEnableCheck(EtwTraceConfigType.DOWNLEVEL, IntPtr.Zero);
            if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
            {
                EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_APPDOMAIN_ENTER, ecb, Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName, null, false);
            }
            return new ISAPIWorkerRequestOutOfProc(ecb);
        }
        int num = UnsafeNativeMethods.EcbGetVersion(ecb) >> 0x10;
        if (num >= 7)
        {
            EtwTrace.TraceEnableCheck(EtwTraceConfigType.IIS7_ISAPI, ecb);
        }
        else
        {
            EtwTrace.TraceEnableCheck(EtwTraceConfigType.DOWNLEVEL, IntPtr.Zero);
        }
        if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
        {
            EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_APPDOMAIN_ENTER, ecb, Thread.GetDomain().FriendlyName, null, true);
        }
        if (num >= 7)
        {
            return new ISAPIWorkerRequestInProcForIIS7(ecb);
        }
        if (num == 6)
        {
            return new ISAPIWorkerRequestInProcForIIS6(ecb);
        }
        return new ISAPIWorkerRequestInProc(ecb);
    }

    通过判断ecb和type类型的具体内容,来决定创建什么类型的WorkerRequest(上述类型的ISPAIWorkerRequest都继承于HttpWorkerRequest),上面的代码可以看出对不同版本的IIS进行了不同的包装,通过其Initialize方法来初始化一些基本的信息(比如:contentType, querystring的长度,filepath等相关信息)。

    2. ProcessRequestNoDemand 

     这个方法, 是真正进入ASP.NET Runtime Pipeline的唯一入口, 传递的参数是上面屏蔽了差异化以后的WorkerRequest对象实例.来看一下这个方法

    internal static void ProcessRequestNoDemand(HttpWorkerRequest wr)
    {
        RequestQueue queue = _theRuntime._requestQueue;
        wr.UpdateInitialCounters();
        if (queue != null)
        {
            wr = queue.GetRequestToExecute(wr);
        }
        if (wr != null)
        {
            CalculateWaitTimeAndUpdatePerfCounter(wr);
            wr.ResetStartTime();
            ProcessRequestNow(wr);
        }
    }

    Ok, 接下来, 继续看, PRNow方法, 其实内部调用的是 HttpRuntime的 ProcessRequestInternal 方法.

    private void ProcessRequestInternal(HttpWorkerRequest wr)
    {
        Interlocked.Increment(ref this._activeRequestCount);
        if (this._disposingHttpRuntime)
        {
            try
            {
                wr.SendStatus(0x1f7, "Server Too Busy");
                wr.SendKnownResponseHeader(12, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
                byte[] bytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("<html><body>Server Too Busy</body></html>");
                wr.SendResponseFromMemory(bytes, bytes.Length);
                wr.FlushResponse(true);
                wr.EndOfRequest();
            }
            finally
            {
                Interlocked.Decrement(ref this._activeRequestCount);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            HttpContext context;
            try
            {
                context = new HttpContext(wr, false);
            }
            catch
            {
                try
                {
                    wr.SendStatus(400, "Bad Request");
                    wr.SendKnownResponseHeader(12, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
                    byte[] data = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("<html><body>Bad Request</body></html>");
                    wr.SendResponseFromMemory(data, data.Length);
                    wr.FlushResponse(true);
                    wr.EndOfRequest();
                    return;
                }
                finally
                {
                    Interlocked.Decrement(ref this._activeRequestCount);
                }
            }
            wr.SetEndOfSendNotification(this._asyncEndOfSendCallback, context);
            HostingEnvironment.IncrementBusyCount();
            try
            {
                try
                {
                    this.EnsureFirstRequestInit(context);
                }
                catch
                {
                    if (!context.Request.IsDebuggingRequest)
                    {
                        throw;
                    }
                }
                context.Response.InitResponseWriter();
                IHttpHandler applicationInstance = HttpApplicationFactory.GetApplicationInstance(context);
                if (applicationInstance == null)
                {
                    throw new HttpException(SR.GetString("Unable_create_app_object"));
                }
                if (EtwTrace.IsTraceEnabled(5, 1))
                {
                    EtwTrace.Trace(EtwTraceType.ETW_TYPE_START_HANDLER, context.WorkerRequest, 
                applicationInstance.GetType().FullName,
    "Start"); } if (applicationInstance is IHttpAsyncHandler) //异步处理 { IHttpAsyncHandler handler2 = (IHttpAsyncHandler) applicationInstance; context.AsyncAppHandler = handler2; handler2.BeginProcessRequest(context, this._handlerCompletionCallback, context); } else //同步处理 { applicationInstance.ProcessRequest(context); this.FinishRequest(context.WorkerRequest, context, null); } } catch (Exception exception) { context.Response.InitResponseWriter(); this.FinishRequest(wr, context, exception); } } }

    最让人开心的, 可能就是看到, 在这个方法中创建了 HttpContext 对象和 HttpApplication 对象.

    接下来, 分别看一下这两个对象的创建.

    1). HttpContext 

    internal HttpContext(HttpWorkerRequest wr, bool initResponseWriter)
    {
        this._timeoutStartTimeUtcTicks = -1L;
        this._timeoutTicks = -1L;
        this._threadAbortOnTimeout = true;
        this.ThreadContextId = new object();
        this._wr = wr;
        this.Init(new HttpRequest(wr, this), new HttpResponse(wr, this));
        if (initResponseWriter)
        {
            this._response.InitResponseWriter();
        }
        PerfCounters.IncrementCounter(AppPerfCounter.REQUESTS_EXECUTING);
    }

    我们又看到了2个惊喜的代码,HttpRequest和HttpResponse的实例化,通过对WorkerRequest和对HttpContext对象this参数的传递,将获取各自需要的信息

    2). HttpApplication 

    这个对象的创建, 是后面那句标红的部分. 

    IHttpHandler applicationInstance = HttpApplicationFactory.GetApplicationInstance(context);

    通过HttpApplicationFactory的GetApplicationInstance静态方法,获取我们熟悉的HttpApplication对象实例,由于HttpApplication对象是继承IHttpAsyncHandler,而IHttpAsyncHandler又继承于IHttpHandler,所以上面app的类型是IHttpHandler是没有错的。继续看后面的if (app is IHttpAsyncHandler)代码,就知道了app肯定走这里的分支,然后执行调用asyncHandler.BeginProcessRequest方法了。

     

    至此,HttpRuntime已经正式发挥其无可替代的作用了,也正式通过此对象正式进入了HttpApplication对象的创建以及大家熟知的HttpApplication以后的生命周期了。

    转载参考:

      MVC之前的那点事儿

    目录已同步

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/elvinle/p/6265721.html
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