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  • select

    select

    #include <sys/select.h>
    
    void FD_CLR(int fd, fd_set *set);
    
    int FD_ISSET(int fd, fd_set *set);
    
    void FD_SET(int fd, fd_set *set);
    
    void FD_ZERO(fd_set *set);
    
    int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set * writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);
    
    int pselect(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds, fd_set *exceptfds, const struct timespec *timeout, const sigset_t *sigmask);
    
    struct timeval{
    
    long tv_sec;
    
    long tv_usec;
    
    };`
    
    struct timespec {
    
    long tv_sec;
    
    long tv_nsec;
    
    };

    同时监听多个阻塞的文件描述符(如多个网络连接),任一文件有数据就返回。

    nfds;所关心的最大fd+1.

    readfs:传入:关心的可读文件;传出:实际可读文件。

    timeout:1)NULL死等;2)tv_sec=0,tv_usec=0,立即返回,0s,不等;3)tv_sec=n,tv_usec=m;有限等。

    失败:-1;无设备可用:0;有设备可用,返回正数,所有可读fd数目之和。

    注: Some code calls select() with all three sets empty, nfds zero, and a non-NULL timeout as a fairly portable way to sleep with subsecond precision.

    可读:1)有数据;2)关闭连接;3)有新的连接请求(监听socketfd)。

    可写:1)无流量控制;2)关闭连接。

    异常:1)收到紧急数据。

    代码示例:

    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <ctype.h>
    #include <netinet/in.h>
    #include <arpa/inet.h>
    
    #define MAXLINE 80
    #define SERV_PORT 2000
    
    int 
    main(void)
    {
        int i, maxi, maxfd, listenfd, connfd, sockfd, ret;
        int nready, client[FD_SETSIZE];
        ssize_t n;
        fd_set rset, allset;
        char buf[MAXLINE];
        char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
        socklen_t cliaddr_len;
        struct sockaddr_in cliaddr, servaddr;
    
        listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if(listenfd < 0)
        {
            perror("listen");
            return -1;
        }
    
        bzero(&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
        servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
        servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
    
        ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&servaddr, sizeof(servaddr));
        if(ret < 0)
        {
            perror("bind");
            return -1;
        }
    
        listen(listenfd, 10);
    
        maxfd = listenfd;
        maxi = -1;
        for(i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++)
            client[i] = -1;
        FD_ZERO(&allset);
        FD_SET(listenfd, &allset);
    
        while(1){
            rset = allset;
            nready = select(maxfd+1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
            if(nready < 0){
                perror("select");    
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
            }
            if(FD_ISSET(listenfd, &rset))
            {
                cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
                connfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&cliaddr, &cliaddr_len);
                if(connfd < 0){
                    perror("accept");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
    
                printf("received from %s at port %d
    ", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cliaddr.sin_addr, str, sizeof(str)), ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
    
                for(i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++)
                {
                    if(client[i] < 0)
                    {
                        client[i] = connfd;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if(i == FD_SETSIZE)
                {
                    //efputs("too many clients.
    ");
                    printf("too many clients.
    ");
                    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
                }
    
                FD_SET(connfd, &allset);
    
                if(connfd >maxfd)
                {
                    maxfd = connfd;
                }
                if(i > maxi)
                    maxi = i;
                if(--nready == 0)
                    continue;
            }
    
            for(i = 0; i<= maxi; i++)
            {
                if((sockfd = client[i]) < 0)
                    continue;
                if(FD_ISSET(sockfd, &rset))
                {
                    if((n = read(sockfd, buf, MAXLINE)) == 0)
                    {
                        close(sockfd);
                        FD_CLR(sockfd, &allset);
                        client[i] = -1;
                    } else {
                        int j;
                        for(j = 0; j < n; j++)
                            buf[j] = toupper(buf[j]);
                        write(sockfd, buf, n);
                    }
                    if(--nready == 0)
                        break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    参考:

    1. 增大Linux的socket最大连接数(针对select,要编译内核)(转载)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/embedded-linux/p/5023783.html
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