1. 什么是DRA(Data Recovery Advisor)?
答：DRA是一个诊断和恢复数据库的工具，通过两个途径操作，一个是RMAN界面，另一个是EM，它依赖于ADR的自动诊断信息以及Health Monitor（Health Monitor是11g里新增加的新特性，用于数据库的各层和各个组建的诊断检查。例如可以检查：文件损坏、物理逻辑块损坏、redo和undo故障、数据字典损坏等，并把发现的这些信息记录到ADR自动诊断信息库中）。
2. DRA 三板斧
1. RMAN> list failure ;
2. RMAN> advise failure;
3. RMAN> repair failure;
3. 实验：
1. 备份全库
2. 删除其中的数据文件
3. 重启数据库
4. 利用DRA恢复数据库
1 备份全库 2 RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%s_%t_%U.full'; 3 4 Starting backup at 2021-01-21 23:24:08 5 using channel ORA_DISK_1 6 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 7 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 8 input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/sysaux01.dbf 9 input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/system01.dbf 10 input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/undotbs01.dbf 11 input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/users01.dbf 12 input datafile file number=00016 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/hehe01.dbf 13 input datafile file number=00017 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/memeda01.dbf 14 input datafile file number=00019 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/xxp01.dbf 15 input datafile file number=00020 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/aaa01.dbf 16 input datafile file number=00023 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/lalala01.dbf 17 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 23:24:09 18 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 23:27:44 19 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/64_1062458649_20vl7l8p_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T232408 comment=NONE 20 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:03:35 21 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 22 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 23 input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/sysaux01.dbf 24 input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf 25 input datafile file number=00011 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/undotbs01.dbf 26 input datafile file number=00012 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/users01.dbf 27 input datafile file number=00015 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 28 input datafile file number=00018 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf 29 input datafile file number=00021 name=/u01/app/oracle/backup/aaa01.dbf 30 input datafile file number=00022 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/lalala01.dbf 31 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 23:27:44 32 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 23:28:20 33 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/65_1062458864_21vl7lfg_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T232408 comment=NONE 34 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36 35 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set 36 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set 37 input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf 38 input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/system01.dbf 39 input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf 40 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2021-01-21 23:28:20 41 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2021-01-21 23:28:45 42 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/66_1062458900_22vl7lgk_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T232408 comment=NONE 43 channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25 44 Finished backup at 2021-01-21 23:28:45 45 46 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 23:28:45 47 piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/c-671397679-20210121-15 comment=NONE 48 Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2021-01-21 23:28:47 49 50 删除ERP下的两个数据文件 51 [oracle@oracle12c backup]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/ 52 [oracle@oracle12c ERP]$ ll 53 total 942024 54 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jan 21 23:27 lalala01.dbf 55 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 545267712 Jan 21 23:27 sysaux01.dbf 56 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 272637952 Jan 21 23:27 system01.dbf 57 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 67117056 Jan 20 06:03 temp01.dbf 58 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jan 21 23:27 test01.dbf 59 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 120594432 Jan 21 23:27 undotbs01.dbf 60 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jan 21 23:27 users01.dbf 61 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jan 21 23:27 xxp01.dbf 62 [oracle@oracle12c ERP]$ rm -rf test01.dbf 63 [oracle@oracle12c ERP]$ rm -rf xxp01.dbf 64 [oracle@oracle12c ERP]$ ll 65 total 931768 66 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jan 21 23:27 lalala01.dbf 67 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 545267712 Jan 21 23:27 sysaux01.dbf 68 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 272637952 Jan 21 23:27 system01.dbf 69 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 67117056 Jan 20 06:03 temp01.dbf 70 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 120594432 Jan 21 23:27 undotbs01.dbf 71 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 Jan 21 23:27 users01.dbf 72 [oracle@oracle12c ERP]$ 73 74 重启数据库 75 SQL> alter database open; 76 alter database open 77 * 78 ERROR at line 1: 79 ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 18 - see DBWR trace file 80 ORA-01110: data file 18: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf' 81 82 DRA恢复 83 [oracle@oracle12c ERP]$ rman target / 84 85 Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Jan 21 23:40:19 2021 86 87 Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 88 89 connected to target database: OCP12C (DBID=671397679) 90 91 RMAN> list failure; 92 93 using target database control file instead of recovery catalog 94 Database Role: PRIMARY 95 96 List of Database Failures 97 ========================= 98 99 Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary 100 ---------- -------- --------- ------------------- ------- 101 1962 CRITICAL OPEN 2021-01-21 23:36:17 System datafile 9: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf' needs media recovery 102 2061 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:38:29 One or more non-system datafiles are offline 103 208 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:36:18 One or more non-system datafiles need media recovery 104 562 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:32:20 One or more non-system datafiles are missing 105 106 RMAN> advise failure; 107 108 Database Role: PRIMARY 109 110 List of Database Failures 111 ========================= 112 113 Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary 114 ---------- -------- --------- ------------------- ------- 115 1962 CRITICAL OPEN 2021-01-21 23:36:17 System datafile 9: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf' needs media recovery 116 2061 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:38:29 One or more non-system datafiles are offline 117 208 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:36:18 One or more non-system datafiles need media recovery 118 562 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:32:20 One or more non-system datafiles are missing 119 120 analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time 121 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 122 channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=49 device type=DISK 123 analyzing automatic repair options complete 124 125 Not all specified failures can currently be repaired. 126 The following failures must be repaired before advise for others can be given. 127 128 Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary 129 ---------- -------- --------- ------------------- ------- 130 1962 CRITICAL OPEN 2021-01-21 23:36:17 System datafile 9: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf' needs media recovery 131 208 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:36:18 One or more non-system datafiles need media recovery 132 562 HIGH OPEN 2021-01-21 23:32:20 One or more non-system datafiles are missing 133 134 Mandatory Manual Actions 135 ======================== 136 no manual actions available 137 138 Optional Manual Actions 139 ======================= 140 1. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/system01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one 141 2. Automatic repairs may be available if you shutdown the database and restart it in mount mode 142 3. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/sysaux01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one 143 4. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/undotbs01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one 144 5. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/users01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one 145 6. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/backup/aaa01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one 146 7. If you restored the wrong version of data file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/lalala01.dbf, then replace it with the correct one 147 8. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it 148 9. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it 149 150 Automated Repair Options 151 ======================== 152 Option Repair Description 153 ------ ------------------ 154 1 Restore and recover datafile 15; Restore and recover datafile 18; Recover datafile 9; ... 155 Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss 156 Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ocp12c/OCP12C/hm/reco_2252412823.hm 157 158 RMAN> repair failure; 159 160 Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss 161 Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/ocp12c/OCP12C/hm/reco_2252412823.hm 162 163 contents of repair script: 164 # restore and recover datafile 165 sql 'ERP' 'alter database datafile 15, 18 offline'; 166 restore ( datafile 15, 18 ); 167 recover datafile 15, 18; 168 sql 'ERP' 'alter database datafile 15, 18 online'; 169 # recover datafile 170 sql 'ERP' 'alter database datafile 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 offline'; 171 recover datafile 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22; 172 sql 'ERP' 'alter database datafile 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 online'; 173 174 Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? y 175 executing repair script 176 177 sql statement: alter database datafile 15, 18 offline 178 179 Starting restore at 2021-01-21 23:41:41 180 using channel ORA_DISK_1 181 182 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore 183 channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set 184 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00015 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/test01.dbf 185 channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00018 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCP12C/ERP/xxp01.dbf 186 channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/backup/65_1062458864_21vl7lfg_1_1.full 187 channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/65_1062458864_21vl7lfg_1_1.full tag=TAG20210121T232408 188 channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1 189 channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08 190 Finished restore at 2021-01-21 23:41:49 191 192 Starting recover at 2021-01-21 23:41:49 193 using channel ORA_DISK_1 194 195 starting media recovery 196 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 197 198 Finished recover at 2021-01-21 23:41:49 199 200 sql statement: alter database datafile 15, 18 online 201 202 sql statement: alter database datafile 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 offline 203 204 Starting recover at 2021-01-21 23:41:49 205 using channel ORA_DISK_1 206 207 starting media recovery 208 media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00 209 210 Finished recover at 2021-01-21 23:41:50 211 212 sql statement: alter database datafile 9, 10, 11, 12, 21, 22 online 213 repair failure complete 214 215 RMAN> 216 217 ERP数据库可以正常打开 218 SQL> conn sys/oracle@erp as sysdba 219 Connected. 220 SQL> select status from v$instance; 221 222 STATUS 223 ------------------------ 224 OPEN 225 226 SQL>
4. 注意：
1. DRA修复遵循的顺序：list failure – advise failure – repair failure。
2. 所有启动模式下都可以使用DRA，nomount下修复控制文件，mount或open下修复数据文件。
3. DRA目前只能在单实例下运行，RAC不可以使用它