1 安装cmake及一些依赖库
sudo apt-get install cmake
sudo apt-get install build-essential libgtk2.0-dev libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libjpeg.dev libtiff4.dev libswscale-dev libjasper-dev
centos或redhat：
yum install cmake gcc gcc-c++ gtk+-devel gimp-devel gimp-devel-tools gimp-help-browser zlib-devel libtiff-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel gstreamer-devellibavc1394-devel libraw1394-devel libdc1394-devel jasper-devel jasper-utils swig python libtool nasm
2 安装opencv
从官网下载opencv并解压，cd命令进入opencv的目录
下载地址：http://opencv.org/downloads.html
cmake .
(cmake时间较长，约半小时)
sudo make
sudo makeinstall
3 配置
将opencv的库加入到路径，从而让系统可以找到，没第一个就加第二个
sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/opencv.conf
sudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf
末尾加入/usr/local/lib，保存退出
sudo ldconfig #使配置生效
sudo gedit /etc/bash.bashrc
末尾加入
PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH
保存退出
sudo source /etc/bash.bashrc #使配置生效