###linux 小问题一则
ps -ef|grep pmon 显示用户名后面有一个+ 号，比如用户名是 ddivmsc+
实际上查看/etc/passwd 是 ddivmsctl， 因为超过了8位，就没办法使用ps -ef显示全，有办法显示全不,有办法显示不
解释1：（建用户最好不重要超过8位）
最多8个字节，posix规范
如果是告警，建议用id，然后自动获取用户名
解释2：(使用以下命令可以突破8位限制)
默认是不行的，试下自定义输出，
比如： ps ax o user:16,pid,pcpu,pmem,vsz,rss,stat,start_time,time,cmd
user:16 16这可以调整大小
####nbu 恢复问题一则
在升级了oracle 软件到19C 后，nbu 备份软件连接catalog 执行命令报错，报错如下：
环境如下：nbu catalog 为11.2.0.4.0 ， 备份的db 版本19.7.0.0 ，
db02 ~]$ rman target / catalog rman11g/rman11g@cat11g
Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Thu Jul 30 10:09:48 2020
Version 19.7.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: CIVMSCTL (DBID=3946457152)
connected to recovery catalog database
PL/SQL package RMAN11G.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.04 in RCVCAT database is too old
RMAN> register database;
PL/SQL package RMAN11G.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.04 in RCVCAT database is too old
PL/SQL package RMAN11G.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.04 in RCVCAT database is too old
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of register command at 07/30/2020 10:09:59
RMAN-06429: RCVCAT database is not compatible with this version of RMAN
问题
因为11g 到19C ，中间跨了了一个版本，当时没想这么对 所以 直接套用了文档2022782.1 ，直接在生产同步catalog 库，结果悲剧了，报错ORA-02296: cannot enable (RMAN11G.) - null values found ，也就是catalog recovery catalog is partially upgraded to 19.07.00.00 (部分19C 的情况)
有因为catalog 是个集中存放，所有的归档日志备份都要连接这个库， 所以所有的归档备份都失败了。
RMAN-06429: RCVCAT database is not compatible with this version of RMAN (Doc ID 2022782.1)
connect to the catalog schema and issue:
$ rman target / catalog <catalog schema>/<password>@<catalog database service>
Recovery Manager: Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 22 09:34:59 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: <DB_NAME> (DBID=1868993881)
connected to recovery catalog database
PL/SQL package RMAN.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.02 in RCVCAT database is too old
RMAN> register database;
PL/SQL package RMAN.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.02 in RCVCAT database is too old
PL/SQL package RMAN.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.02 in RCVCAT database is too old
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of register command at 06/22/2015 09:35:19
RMAN-06429: RCVCAT database is not compatible with this version of RMAN
RMAN> upgrade catalog;
recovery catalog owner is RMAN
enter UPGRADE CATALOG command again to confirm catalog upgrade
RMAN> upgrade catalog;
recovery catalog upgraded to version 12.01.00.01
DBMS_RCVMAN package upgraded to version 12.01.00.01
DBMS_RCVCAT package upgraded to version 12.01.00.01
结果悲剧了
RMAN> upgrade catalog;
recovery catalog owner is RMAN11G
enter UPGRADE CATALOG command again to confirm catalog upgrade
RMAN> register database;
PL/SQL package RMAN11G.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.04 in RCVCAT database is too old
PL/SQL package RMAN11G.DBMS_RCVCAT version 11.02.00.04 in RCVCAT database is too old
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of register command at 07/30/2020 10:10:10
RMAN-06429: RCVCAT database is not compatible with this version of RMAN
RMAN> upgrade catalog;
error creating modify_grsp_pdb_key_not_null
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-06004: Oracle error from recovery catalog database: ORA-02296: cannot enable (RMAN11G.) - null values found
经过检查应该是出发了bug Bug 20861957 ORA-2296 during RMAN upgrade catalog to 12c
该bug 解决方法，是升级db 版本到 11.2.0.4.180717
ORA-2296 DURING UPGRADE CATALOG TO 12.1,0.1 IN AN 11.2 DATABASE (Patch)11.2.0.4.180717
这个bug 在11.2.0.4.180717 有补丁提供下载，所以可以考虑升级版本，在打补丁
但是现实时间紧迫，生产的备份都有问题，无奈只能使用数据库的Nbu 昨天的备份恢复，还好有备份文件存在，谢谢
step 1:
备份原来的数据库文件
step 2：
恢复控制文件
--替换以下$CLIENT_NAME为目标库的值，输入需要列举备份片的开始、结束时间后执行：
./bplist -C oracle -S pnbu -l -t 4 -s 07/29/2020 06:00:00 -e 07/30/2020 16:00:00 -R /
step 3:
--====恢复控制文件
-- startup nomount;
run {
allocate channel c1 type 'sbt_tape';
send 'NB_ORA_SERV=pnbu,NB_ORA_CLIENT=oracle';
restore controlfile from '/cntrl_18387_1_1047067687';
release channel c1;
}
step 3: 恢复数据文件
run {
allocate channel c1 type 'sbt_tape';
allocate channel c2 type 'sbt_tape';
allocate channel c3 type 'sbt_tape';
allocate channel c4 type 'sbt_tape';
send 'NB_ORA_SERV=pnbu,NB_ORA_CLIENT=oracle';
restore database;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
step 4. 基于时间点的恢复，恢复升级catalog 之前的时间点，
sql "alter session set nls_date_format=''yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss''";
recover database until time '2020-07-29 23:00:00';
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