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  • Redis源码研究--字典

    计划每天花1小时学习Redis 源码。在博客上做个记录。

    --------6月18日-----------

    redis的字典dict主要涉及几个数据结构,

    dictEntry:具体的k-v链表结点

    dictht:哈希表

    dict:字典

    具体关系为

    1 typedef struct dict {
    2     dictType *type;
    3     void *privdata;
    4     dictht ht[2];
    5     int rehashidx; /* rehashing not in progress if rehashidx == -1 */
    6     int iterators; /* number of iterators currently running */
    7 } dict;
    1 typedef struct dictht {
    2     dictEntry **table;
    3     unsigned long size;
    4     unsigned long sizemask;
    5     unsigned long used;
    6 } dictht;
    1 typedef struct dictEntry {
    2     void *key;
    3     union {
    4         void *val;
    5         uint64_t u64;
    6         int64_t s64;
    7     } v;
    8     struct dictEntry *next;
    9 } dictEntry;

    一个字典有两个哈希表, 冲突后采用了链地址法,很好理解。

    一些简单操作采用了宏

    #define dictGetKey(he) ((he)->key)
    #define dictGetVal(he) ((he)->v.val)
    #define dictGetSignedIntegerVal(he) ((he)->v.s64)
    #define dictGetUnsignedIntegerVal(he) ((he)->v.u64)

     ------------6月19日----------------------

    字典具体用到了两种哈希算法,我只看了简单的那一种,没想到代码竟然可以那么少,算法名字为djb2,

    1 /* And a case insensitive hash function (based on djb hash) */
    2 unsigned int dictGenCaseHashFunction(const unsigned char *buf, int len) {
    3     unsigned int hash = (unsigned int)dict_hash_function_seed;
    4 
    5     while (len--)
    6         hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + (tolower(*buf++)); /* hash * 33 + c */
    7     return hash;
    8 }
    dict_hash_function_seed是个全局变量,为5381.
    The magic of number 33 (why it works better than many other constants, prime or not) has never been adequately explained.
    JDK中采用的哈希算法取得数字是31,一个素数。
    创建一个新字典并初始化:
     1 dict *dictCreate(dictType *type, void *privDataPtr){
     2     dict *d = malloc(sizeof(*d));
     3     _dictInit(d,type,privDataPtr);
     4     return d;
     5 }
     6 
     7 int _dictInit(dict *d, dictType *type, void *privDataPtr){
     8     _dictReset(&d->ht[0]);
     9     _dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
    10 
    11     d->type = type;
    12     d->privdata = privDataPtr;
    13     d->rehashidx = -1;
    14     d->iterators = 0;
    15 
    16     return DICT_OK;
    17 }
    18 
    19 static void _dictReset(dictht *ht){
    20     ht->table = NULL;
    21     ht->size = 0;
    22     ht->sizemask = 0;
    23     ht->used = 0;
    24 } 
    学了这么多年c语言了,malloc(sizeof(*d))我还是第一次看到。
    说到sizeof,我还要提一句,c99之后,sizeof是运行时确定的,c99还加入了动态数组这一概念。csdn上的回答是错的。
    对字典进行紧缩处理,让 哈希表中的数/哈希表长度接近1:
     1 int dictResize(dict *d){
     2     int minimal;
     3 
     4     if (!dict_can_resize || dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_ERR;
     5 
     6     minimal = d->ht[0].used;
     7 
     8     if (minimal < DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE)
     9         minimal = DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE;
    10 
    11     return dictExpand(d, minimal);
    12 }
    13 
    14 #define dictIsRehashing(ht) ((ht)->rehashidx != -1)
    15 #define DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE     4
    当字典正在Rehash的时候不能进行Resize操作,初始时哈希表大小为4,哈希表大小一般都是2的幂次方。
    如果minimal是5,经过dictExpand后,哈希表大小变为8.
     1 static unsigned long _dictNextPower(unsigned long size){
     2     unsigned long i = DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE;
     3 
     4     if (size >= LONG_MAX) return LONG_MAX;
     5     while(1) {
     6         if (i >= size)
     7             return i;
     8         i *= 2;
     9     }
    10 }
    11 
    12 int dictExpand(dict *d, unsigned long size){
    13     dictht n; /* the new hash table */
    14     
    15     unsigned long realsize = _dictNextPower(size);
    16 
    17     /* the size is invalid if it is smaller than the number of
    18      * elements already inside the hash table */
    19     if (dictIsRehashing(d) || d->ht[0].used > size)
    20         return DICT_ERR;
    21 
    22     /* Allocate the new hash table and initialize all pointers to NULL */
    23     n.size = realsize;
    24     n.sizemask = realsize-1;
    25     n.table = zcalloc(realsize*sizeof(dictEntry*));
    26     n.used = 0;
    27 
    28     /* Is this the first initialization? If so it's not really a rehashing
    29      * we just set the first hash table so that it can accept keys. */
    30     if (d->ht[0].table == NULL) {
    31         d->ht[0] = n;
    32         return DICT_OK;
    33     }
    34 
    35     /* Prepare a second hash table for incremental rehashing */
    36     d->ht[1] = n;
    37     d->rehashidx = 0;
    38 
    39     return DICT_OK;
    40 }
    新建了一个哈希表n,size是扩展后的size,ht[0].table 为空说明这是第一次初始化,不是扩展,直接赋值。
    ht[0].table 不为空,说明这是一次扩展,把n赋给ht[1],ReHash标志rehashix也被设为0.
    上边这段不大好理解,先看后面的,一会返过来再研究dictExpand函数。
    --------------------6月20日--------------------------

    向字典中添加元素需要调用dictAdd函数:
    1 /* Add an element to the target hash table */
    2 int dictAdd(dict *d, void *key, void *val){
    3     dictEntry *entry = dictAddRaw(d,key);
    4 
    5     if (!entry) return DICT_ERR;
    6     dictSetVal(d, entry, val);
    7     return DICT_OK;
    8 }
    具体实现需要看dictAddRaw函数:
     1 dictEntry *dictAddRaw(dict *d, void *key){
     2     int index;
     3     dictEntry *entry;
     4     dictht *ht;
     5 
     6     if (dictIsRehashing(d)) _dictRehashStep(d);
     7 
     8     /* Get the index of the new element, or -1 if
     9      * the element already exists. */
    10     if ((index = _dictKeyIndex(d, key)) == -1)
    11         return NULL;
    12 
    13     /* Allocate the memory and store the new entry */
    14     ht = dictIsRehashing(d) ? &d->ht[1] : &d->ht[0];
    15     entry = zmalloc(sizeof(*entry));
    16     entry->next = ht->table[index];
    17     ht->table[index] = entry;
    18     ht->used++;
    19 
    20     /* Set the hash entry fields. */
    21     dictSetKey(d, entry, key);
    22     return entry;
    23 }
    先判断是不是在进行Rehash,如果在Rehash,执行渐进式Rehash。
    找到要插入的key的位置,如果相同的key已经存在了,返回NULL
    如果在进行Rehash,ht指向ht[1]表,然后利用链表头插法(这个我熟)将entry插入,更新used。
    添加key前需要查找key的位置:
     1 /* Returns the index of a free slot that can be populated with
     2  * an hash entry for the given 'key'.
     3  * If the key already exists, -1 is returned.
     4  *
     5  * Note that if we are in the process of rehashing the hash table, the
     6  * index is always returned in the context of the second (new) hash table. */
     7 static int _dictKeyIndex(dict *d, const void *key){
     8     unsigned int h, idx, table;
     9     dictEntry *he;
    10 
    11     /* Expand the hash table if needed */
    12     if (_dictExpandIfNeeded(d) == DICT_ERR)
    13         return -1;
    14     /* Compute the key hash value */
    15     h = dictHashKey(d, key);
    16     for (table = 0; table <= 1; table++) {
    17         idx = h & d->ht[table].sizemask;
    18         /* Search if this slot does not already contain the given key */
    19         he = d->ht[table].table[idx];
    20         while(he) {
    21             if (dictCompareKeys(d, key, he->key))
    22                 return -1;
    23             he = he->next;
    24         }
    25         if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) break;
    26     }
    27     return idx;
    28 }

    插入之前,程序会检查一下哈希表空间是否够,需不需要expand。通过某种哈希算法计算key对应的哈希值h,sizemask二进制格式大体是这样的011111111,哈希值跟它一与,相当于只保留了后面几位。算出来的idx就是要插入的索引号。然后需要比较在这个索引上的链表中有没有跟要插入的key一样的,如果重复了,返回-1.

    最后判断下当前如果没有在进行Rehash,ht[2]表就不用管了。

    -----------------------6月21日---------------------

     1 /* Expand the hash table if needed */
     2 static int _dictExpandIfNeeded(dict *d){
     3     /* Incremental rehashing already in progress. Return. */
     4     if (dictIsRehashing(d)) return DICT_OK;
     5 
     6     /* If the hash table is empty expand it to the initial size. */
     7     if (d->ht[0].size == 0) return dictExpand(d, DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE);
     8 
     9     /* If we reached the 1:1 ratio, and we are allowed to resize the hash
    10      * table (global setting) or we should avoid it but the ratio between
    11      * elements/buckets is over the "safe" threshold, we resize doubling
    12      * the number of buckets. */
    13     if (d->ht[0].used >= d->ht[0].size &&
    14         (dict_can_resize ||
    15          d->ht[0].used/d->ht[0].size > dict_force_resize_ratio))
    16     {
    17         return dictExpand(d, d->ht[0].used*2);
    18     }
    19     return DICT_OK;
    20 }

    函数名前面带下划线的都表示这是private的。程序第4行又是先判断是否正在进行Rehash,

    为什么要说又呢

     如果哈希表是空的,那么我们扩展到DICT_HT_INITIAL_SIZE(4)个。

    第13行有点不理解,used什么时候会大于size啊????标记一下,以后再看。

    dict_can_resize是个全局变量。dict_force_resize_ratio = 5.

    /* Using dictEnableResize() / dictDisableResize() we make possible to
    * enable/disable resizing of the hash table as needed. This is very important
    * for Redis, as we use copy-on-write and don't want to move too much memory
    * around when there is a child performing saving operations.
    *
    * Note that even when dict_can_resize is set to 0, not all resizes are
    * prevented: an hash table is still allowed to grow if the ratio between
    * the number of elements and the buckets > dict_force_resize_ratio. */
    1 void dictEnableResize(void) {
    2     dict_can_resize = 1;
    3 }
    4 
    5 void dictDisableResize(void) {
    6     dict_can_resize = 0;
    7 }

    字典的 rehash 操作实际上就是执行以下任务:

    1. 创建一个比 ht[0]->table 更大的 ht[1]->table ;
    2. 将 ht[0]->table 中的所有键值对迁移到 ht[1]->table ;
    3. 将原有 ht[0] 的数据清空,并将 ht[1] 替换为新的 ht[0] ;

    经过以上步骤之后, 程序就在不改变原有键值对数据的基础上, 增大了哈希表的大小。 

     --------------6月22日---------------------------

    先上Rehash的代码

     1 int dictRehash(dict *d, int n) {
     2     if (!dictIsRehashing(d)) return 0;
     3 
     4     while(n--) {
     5         dictEntry *de, *nextde;
     6 
     7         /* Check if we already rehashed the whole table... */
     8         if (d->ht[0].used == 0) {
     9             zfree(d->ht[0].table);
    10             d->ht[0] = d->ht[1];
    11             _dictReset(&d->ht[1]);
    12             d->rehashidx = -1;
    13             return 0;
    14         }
    15 
    16         /* Note that rehashidx can't overflow as we are sure there are more
    17          * elements because ht[0].used != 0 */
    18         assert(d->ht[0].size > (unsigned)d->rehashidx);
    19         while(d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] == NULL) d->rehashidx++;
    20         de = d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx];
    21         /* Move all the keys in this bucket from the old to the new hash HT */
    22         while(de) {
    23             unsigned int h;
    24 
    25             nextde = de->next;
    26             /* Get the index in the new hash table */
    27             h = dictHashKey(d, de->key) & d->ht[1].sizemask;
    28             de->next = d->ht[1].table[h];
    29             d->ht[1].table[h] = de;
    30             d->ht[0].used--;
    31             d->ht[1].used++;
    32             de = nextde;
    33         }
    34         d->ht[0].table[d->rehashidx] = NULL;
    35         d->rehashidx++;
    36     }
    37     return 1;
    38 }

    n步Rehash,在ht[0]中找到第一个不为空的table[rehashidx],将这个位置的链表(可能只有一个元素)全部移到ht[1]中,并更新ht[0].used、ht[1].used。

    执行过程中,ht[0]中的元素如果都已经转到了ht[1]中,即ht[0].used == 0,停止执行,释放ht[0].table指向的空间,ht[1]变为ht[0],将rehashidx置为-1。

    字典还剩一小部分,大体意思我弄懂了,加上之前看的动态字符串sds、双向链表adlist,加上空格注释统计了下共2248行。

    1  341 adlist.c
    2   93 adlist.h
    3  810 dict.c
    4  173 dict.h
    5  732 sds.c
    6   99 sds.h
    7 2248 total

     主要参考了《Redis 设计与实现》 。谢谢90后作者了。 

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/feiyunruyue/p/3143232.html
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