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  • ALSA driver --PCM 实例创建过程

    前面已经写过PCM 实例的创建框架,我们现在来看看PCM 实例是如何创建的。

    在调用snd_pcm_new时就会创建一个snd_pcm类型的PCM 实例.

    struct snd_pcm {
      struct snd_card *card;//PCM device 说挂载的声卡
      struct list_head list;//一个Card可能有多个PCM 实例,PCM 实例列表
      int device; /* device number *///PCM 实例的索引
      unsigned int info_flags;
      unsigned short dev_class;
      unsigned short dev_subclass;
      char id[64];
      char name[80];
      struct snd_pcm_str streams[2];//PCM的playback和capture stream
      struct mutex open_mutex;
      wait_queue_head_t open_wait;
      void *private_data;//private_data一般为芯片专用信息
      void (*private_free) (struct snd_pcm *pcm);//用来释放private_data
      bool internal; /* pcm is for internal use only */
      bool nonatomic; /* whole PCM operations are in non-atomic context */
    #if defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS) || defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS_MODULE)
      struct snd_pcm_oss oss;
    #endif
    };

    接下来我们来看看在snd_pcm_new中有些什么操作:

    static int _snd_pcm_new(struct snd_card *card, const char *id, int device,
    int playback_count, int capture_count, bool internal,
    struct snd_pcm **rpcm)
    {
      struct snd_pcm *pcm;
      int err;
      static struct snd_device_ops ops = {//device的操作函数
      .dev_free = snd_pcm_dev_free,
      .dev_register = snd_pcm_dev_register,//在device rigister调用
      .dev_disconnect = snd_pcm_dev_disconnect,
      };

      if (snd_BUG_ON(!card))
      return -ENXIO;
      if (rpcm)
      *rpcm = NULL;
      pcm = kzalloc(sizeof(*pcm), GFP_KERNEL);//为PCM 实例创建空间
      if (!pcm)
        return -ENOMEM;
      pcm->card = card;//将声卡保存在PCM 实例中
      pcm->device = device;
      pcm->internal = internal;
      mutex_init(&pcm->open_mutex);
      init_waitqueue_head(&pcm->open_wait);
      INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pcm->list);
      if (id)
        strlcpy(pcm->id, id, sizeof(pcm->id));
      if ((err = snd_pcm_new_stream(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, playback_count)) < 0) {//为PCM 实例创建playback stream
        snd_pcm_free(pcm);
        return err;
      }
      if ((err = snd_pcm_new_stream(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, capture_count)) < 0) {//为PCM 实例创建capture stream
        snd_pcm_free(pcm);
      return err;
      }
      if ((err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_PCM, pcm, &ops)) < 0) {//以PCM 实例创建snd_device并挂载到Card上。
        snd_pcm_free(pcm);
        return err;
      }
      if (rpcm)
      *rpcm = pcm;
      return 0;
    }

    一个PCM 实例分别有一个playback, capture stream,由snd_pcm_new_stream创建。

    playback 和capture stream是一个snd_pcm_str的结构体,

    struct snd_pcm_str {
      int stream; /* stream (direction) *///是playback stream or capture stream
      struct snd_pcm *pcm;//当前的PCM 实例
      /* -- substreams -- */
      unsigned int substream_count;//substream的数目。
      unsigned int substream_opened;//已经open的substream数目。每次open +1,close -1.
      struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;//playback stream or capture stream的substream链表
    #if defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS) || defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS_MODULE)
      /* -- OSS things -- */
      struct snd_pcm_oss_stream oss;
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIG_SND_VERBOSE_PROCFS
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_root;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_info_entry;
    #ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
      unsigned int xrun_debug; /* 0 = disabled, 1 = verbose, 2 = stacktrace */
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_xrun_debug_entry;
    #endif
    #endif
      struct snd_kcontrol *chmap_kctl; /* channel-mapping controls */
      struct device dev;//stream的device结构
    };

    substream的结构体snd_pcm_substream :

    struct snd_pcm_substream {
      struct snd_pcm *pcm;//PCM 实例
      struct snd_pcm_str *pstr;//playback stream or substream
      void *private_data; /* copied from pcm->private_data *///private_data通常是和PCM 实例的private data相同。
      int number;//当前substream的index
      char name[32]; /* substream name */
      int stream; /* stream (direction) *///是playback or capture的substream
      struct pm_qos_request latency_pm_qos_req; /* pm_qos request */
      size_t buffer_bytes_max; /* limit ring buffer size *///最大的buffer size
      struct snd_dma_buffer dma_buffer;//DMA buffer
      size_t dma_max;
      /* -- hardware operations -- */
      const struct snd_pcm_ops *ops;//substream的操作函数,在创建完PCM 实例后,调用snd_pcm_set_ops设置PCM实例playback stream的每一个substream的操作函数。
      /* -- runtime information -- */
      struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime;//runtime信息
      /* -- timer section -- */
      struct snd_timer *timer; /* timer */
      unsigned timer_running: 1; /* time is running */
      /* -- next substream -- */
      struct snd_pcm_substream *next;
      /* -- linked substreams -- */
      struct list_head link_list; /* linked list member */
      struct snd_pcm_group self_group; /* fake group for non linked substream (with substream lock inside) */
      struct snd_pcm_group *group; /* pointer to current group */
      /* -- assigned files -- */
      void *file;
      int ref_count;
      atomic_t mmap_count;
      unsigned int f_flags;
      void (*pcm_release)(struct snd_pcm_substream *);
      struct pid *pid;
    #if defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS) || defined(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS_MODULE)
      /* -- OSS things -- */
      struct snd_pcm_oss_substream oss;
    #endif
    #ifdef CONFIG_SND_VERBOSE_PROCFS
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_root;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_info_entry;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_hw_params_entry;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_sw_params_entry;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_status_entry;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_prealloc_entry;
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_prealloc_max_entry;
    #ifdef CONFIG_SND_PCM_XRUN_DEBUG
      struct snd_info_entry *proc_xrun_injection_entry;
    #endif
    #endif /* CONFIG_SND_VERBOSE_PROCFS */
    /* misc flags */
      unsigned int hw_opened: 1;
    };

    /**
    * snd_pcm_new_stream - create a new PCM stream
    * @pcm: the pcm instance
    * @stream: the stream direction, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_XXX
    * @substream_count: the number of substreams
    */

    int snd_pcm_new_stream(struct snd_pcm *pcm, int stream, int substream_count)
    {
      int idx, err;
      struct snd_pcm_str *pstr = &pcm->streams[stream];//当前的playback stream or capture stream
      struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, *prev;

    #if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SND_PCM_OSS)
      mutex_init(&pstr->oss.setup_mutex);
    #endif
      pstr->stream = stream;
      pstr->pcm = pcm;
      pstr->substream_count = substream_count;
      if (!substream_count)
        return 0;

      snd_device_initialize(&pstr->dev, pcm->card);
      pstr->dev.groups = pcm_dev_attr_groups;
      dev_set_name(&pstr->dev, "pcmC%iD%i%c", pcm->card->number, pcm->device, stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK ? 'p' : 'c');//playback stream的名字

      if (!pcm->internal) {
        err = snd_pcm_stream_proc_init(pstr);//将playback stream挂到/proc目录下,我们通过cat可以查看。
        if (err < 0) {
          pcm_err(pcm, "Error in snd_pcm_stream_proc_init ");
          return err;
        }
      }
      prev = NULL;
      for (idx = 0, prev = NULL; idx < substream_count; idx++) {//一个playback stream下可有多个substream,创建substream
        substream = kzalloc(sizeof(*substream), GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!substream)
          return -ENOMEM;
        substream->pcm = pcm;
        substream->pstr = pstr;
        substream->number = idx;
        substream->stream = stream;
        sprintf(substream->name, "subdevice #%i", idx);
        substream->buffer_bytes_max = UINT_MAX;
        if (prev == NULL)//将substream链接到playback stream的substream成员中。
          pstr->substream = substream;
        else
          prev->next = substream;

        if (!pcm->internal) {
          err = snd_pcm_substream_proc_init(substream);//将substream挂到/proc下。
          if (err < 0) {
            pcm_err(pcm,"Error in snd_pcm_stream_proc_init ");
            if (prev == NULL)
              pstr->substream = NULL;
            else
              prev->next = NULL;
            kfree(substream);
            return err;
          }
        }
        substream->group = &substream->self_group;
        spin_lock_init(&substream->self_group.lock);
        mutex_init(&substream->self_group.mutex);
        INIT_LIST_HEAD(&substream->self_group.substreams);
        list_add_tail(&substream->link_list, &substream->self_group.substreams);
        atomic_set(&substream->mmap_count, 0);
        prev = substream;
      }
      return 0;
    }

    在创建完PCM device后,调用snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_PCM, pcm, &ops)以PCM 实例创建device 并挂载到card上。

    在snd_device_new函数中创建一个snd_device结构,并将此结构加到card的device list中。

    在注册card时(调用snd_card_register),就会对card的devcie list中每个device进行注册。

    device的注册即调用snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_PCM, pcm, &ops)函数中最后一个参数的dev_register.

    snd_device的dev_register是snd_pcm_dev_register。

    static int snd_pcm_dev_register(struct snd_device *device)
    {
      int cidx, err;
      struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;
      struct snd_pcm_notify *notify;
      struct snd_pcm *pcm;

      if (snd_BUG_ON(!device || !device->device_data))
        return -ENXIO;
      pcm = device->device_data;//snd_device的device_data即PCM实例,是在snd_device_new时将pcm赋值给device_data
        if (pcm->internal)
      return 0;

      mutex_lock(&register_mutex);
      err = snd_pcm_add(pcm);
      if (err)
        goto unlock;
      for (cidx = 0; cidx < 2; cidx++) {
        int devtype = -1;
        if (pcm->streams[cidx].substream == NULL)
          continue;
        switch (cidx) {
          case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK:
          devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_PLAYBACK;
          break;
          case SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE:
          devtype = SNDRV_DEVICE_TYPE_PCM_CAPTURE;
          break;
        }
        /* register pcm */
        err = snd_register_device(devtype, pcm->card, pcm->device,&snd_pcm_f_ops[cidx], pcm,&pcm->streams[cidx].dev);//注册device, device是pcm实例的playback stream的device。device的操作函数为snd_pcm_f_ops.
        if (err < 0) {
          list_del_init(&pcm->list);
          goto unlock;
        }

        for (substream = pcm->streams[cidx].substream; substream; substream = substream->next)
          snd_pcm_timer_init(substream);//初始化每个substream 的timer
      }

      list_for_each_entry(notify, &snd_pcm_notify_list, list)
        notify->n_register(pcm);

    unlock:
      mutex_unlock(&register_mutex);
      return err;
    }

    snd_register_device将pcm->streams[cidx].dev(即name为pcmC*D*p的device,在snd_pcm_new_stream创建和指定名字)注册到device 目录中,并创建snd_minor结构体,snd_pcm_f_ops赋值给snd_minor结构体的f_ops,然后加到snd_minors的数组中。找到一个可用的minor,和major(固定是116)组成pcm->streams[cidx].dev这个device的设备号,将设备device_add()加到系统中。

    App在调用alsa lib API: snd_pcm_open打开name为pcmC*D*p的device时,就会调用到alsa-core中的snd_open(pcmC*D*p的major和"alsa"字符设备驱动都是116),在snd_open中通过PCM 实例的 inode找到snd_minor结构,并调用snd_minor结构的操作函数(即snd_pcm_f_ops)的open函数。

    alsa lib其他API都是在open,获取driver 文件后,通过ioctl到达snd_pcm_f_ops对应的操作函数。

    pcm实例的playback stream的device的操作函数:

    const struct file_operations snd_pcm_f_ops[2] = {
    {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .write = snd_pcm_write,
    .write_iter = snd_pcm_writev,
    .open = snd_pcm_playback_open,
    .release = snd_pcm_release,
    .llseek = no_llseek,
    .poll = snd_pcm_playback_poll,
    .unlocked_ioctl = snd_pcm_playback_ioctl,
    .compat_ioctl = snd_pcm_ioctl_compat,
    .mmap = snd_pcm_mmap,
    .fasync = snd_pcm_fasync,
    .get_unmapped_area = snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area,
    },
    {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .read = snd_pcm_read,
    .read_iter = snd_pcm_readv,
    .open = snd_pcm_capture_open,
    .release = snd_pcm_release,
    .llseek = no_llseek,
    .poll = snd_pcm_capture_poll,
    .unlocked_ioctl = snd_pcm_capture_ioctl,
    .compat_ioctl = snd_pcm_ioctl_compat,
    .mmap = snd_pcm_mmap,
    .fasync = snd_pcm_fasync,
    .get_unmapped_area = snd_pcm_get_unmapped_area,
    }
    };

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fellow1988/p/6208829.html
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