- 原文链接: http://www.joyhwong.com/2016/11/19/并发设计模式之guarded-suspension模式/
Guarded Suspension意为保护暂停,其核心思想是仅当服务进程准备好时,才提供服务。设想一种场景,服务器可能会在很短时间内承受大量的客户端请求,客户端请求的数量可能超过服务器本身的即时处理能力,而服务端程序又不能丢弃任何一个客户请求。此时,最佳的处理方案莫过于让客户端要求进行排队,由服务端程序一个接一个处理。这样,既保证了所有的客户端请求均不丢失,同时也避免了服务器由于同时处理太多的请求而崩溃
1.Guarded Suspension模式的结构
Guarded Suspension模式的主要成员有:Request、RequestQueue、ClientThread、 ServerThread
- Request:表示客户端请求
- RequestQueue:用于保存客户端请求队列
- ClientThread:客户端进程
- ServerThread:服务器进程
其中,ClientThread负责不断发起请求,并将请求对象放入请求队列。ServerThread则根据其自身的状态,在有能力处理请求时,从RequestQueue中提取请求对象加以处理。系统的工作流程如图
从流程图中可以看到,客户端的请求数量超过了服务线程的能力。在频繁的客户端请求中,RequestQueue充当了中间缓存,存放未处理的请求,保证了客户请求不丢失,同时也保护了服务线程不会受到大量并发的请求,而导致计算机资源不足
2. Guarded Suspension模式的简单实现
Request类封装了请求的内容
package com.joyhwong; public class Request { private String name; public Request(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } @Override public String toString() { return "[ Request "+ name + " ]"; } }
RequestQueue对象作为Request的集合,维护系统的Request请求列表
package com.joyhwong; import java.util.LinkedList; public class RequestQueue { private LinkedList<Request> queue = new LinkedList<>(); public synchronized Request getRequest() { while (queue.size() == 0) { try { wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } return queue.removeFirst(); } public synchronized void addRequest(Request request) { queue.add(request); notifyAll(); } }
服务端进程用于处理用户的请求操作,代码实现如下
package com.joyhwong; public class ServerThread extends Thread { private RequestQueue requestQueue; public ServerThread(RequestQueue requestQueue, String name) { super(name); this.requestQueue = requestQueue; } @Override public void run() { while (true) { final Request request = requestQueue.getRequest(); try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " handles " + request); } } }
客户端的请求发起进程代码实现如下
package com.joyhwong; public class ClientThread extends Thread { private RequestQueue requestQueue; public ClientThread(RequestQueue requestQueue, String name) { super(name); this.requestQueue = requestQueue; } @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Request request = new Request("RequestID: " + i + " Thread_Name: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " requests " + request); requestQueue.addRequest(request); try { Thread.sleep(10); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("ClientThread Name is: " + Thread.currentThread().getName()); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "request end"); } }
主函数如下
package com.joyhwong; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { RequestQueue requestQueue = new RequestQueue(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { new ServerThread(requestQueue, "ServerThread" + i).start(); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { new ClientThread(requestQueue, "ClientThread" + i).start(); } } }