chapter10作业

1、通过ps命令的两种选项形式查看进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | head 

USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND

root          1  0.0  0.5  60516  5144 ?        Ss   08:28   0:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21

root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [kthreadd]

root          3  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]

root          5  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S<   08:28   0:00 [kworker/0:0H]

root          6  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [kworker/u256:0]

root          7  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [migration/0]

root          8  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [rcu_bh]

root          9  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [rcuob/0]

root         10  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [rcuob/1]

[root@localhost ~]# ps -lef | head

F S UID         PID   PPID  C PRI  NI ADDR SZ WCHAN  STIME TTY          TIME CMD

4 S root          1      0  0  80   0 - 15129 ep_pol 08:28 ?        00:00:02 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21

1 S root          2      0  0  80   0 -     0 kthrea 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]

1 S root          3      2  0  80   0 -     0 smpboo 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]

1 S root          5      2  0  60 -20 -     0 worker 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H]

1 S root          6      2  0  80   0 -     0 worker 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/u256:0]

1 S root          7      2  0 -40   - -     0 smpboo 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [migration/0]

1 S root          8      2  0  80   0 -     0 rcu_gp 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_bh]

1 S root          9      2  0  80   0 -     0 rcu_no 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/0]

1 S root         10      2  0  80   0 -     0 rcu_no 08:28 ?        00:00:00 [rcuob/1]

2、通过top命令查看进程

top - 10:49:31 up  2:21,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

Tasks: 406 total,   2 running, 404 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie

%Cpu(s):  0.0 us,  0.3 sy,  0.0 ni, 99.7 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st

KiB Mem :  1003160 total,    95928 free,   559836 used,   347396 buff/cache

KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2055656 free,    41492 used.   197736 avail Mem

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND                                                                    

   873 root      20   0  269016   1976   1564 S  0.3  0.2   0:14.34 vmtoolsd                                                                   

 33451 root      20   0  130300   2104   1268 R  0.3  0.2   0:00.40 top                                                                        

     1 root      20   0   60516   5144   1732 S  0.0  0.5   0:02.44 systemd                                                                    

     2 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.02 kthreadd                                                                   

     3 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.78 ksoftirqd/0                                                                

     5 root       0 -20       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kworker/0:0H                                                               

     6 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.40 kworker/u256:0                                                             

     7 root      rt   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                                                

     8 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcu_bh                                                                     

     9 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/0                                                                    

10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 rcuob/1     

[root@localhost ~]# top -b -n 2 > /tmp/top.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /tmp

hsperfdata_root   systemd-private-i9UXk3  top.txt     

 yum_save_tx.2019-08-05.08-56.2gZYlf.yumtx

[root@localhost ~]# cat /tmp/top.txt | head

top - 10:50:34 up  2:22,  2 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05

Tasks: 405 total,   3 running, 402 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie

%Cpu(s):  3.0 us,  1.1 sy,  0.4 ni, 94.7 id,  0.5 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.2 si,  0.0 st

KiB Mem :  1003160 total,    95944 free,   559808 used,   347408 buff/cache

KiB Swap:  2097148 total,  2055668 free,    41480 used.   197752 avail Mem

   PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND

 33467 root      20   0  130152   1872   1204 R 10.5  0.2   0:00.37 top

  2166 root      20   0  461636   5644   1472 S  5.3  0.6   0:00.12 ibus-daemon

     1 root      20   0   60516   5144   1732 S  0.0  0.5   0:02.48 systemd                                                               

3、通过pgrep命令查看sshd服务的进程号

[root@localhost ~]# pgrep -l sshd

1369 sshd

2756 sshd

4、查看系统进程树

[root@localhost ~]# pstree

systemd─┬─ModemManager───2*[{ModemManager}]

        ├─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient

        │                └─3*[{NetworkManager}]

        ├─2*[abrt-watch-log]

        ├─abrtd

        ├─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]

        ├─alsactl

        ├─at-spi-bus-laun─┬─dbus-daemon───{dbus-daemon}

        │                 └─3*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]

        ├─at-spi2-registr───{at-spi2-registr}

        ├─atd

        ├─auditd─┬─audispd─┬─sedispatch

        │        │         └─{audispd}

        │        └─{auditd}

        ├─avahi-daemon───avahi-daemon

        ├─bluetoothd

        ├─chronyd

        ├─colord───2*[{colord}]

        ├─crond

        ├─cupsd

        ├─2*[dbus-daemon───{dbus-daemon}]

        ├─dbus-launch

5、使dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 命令操作在前台运行

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190

6、将第5题命令操作调入到后台并暂停

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190

^Z

[1]+  已停止               dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190

[root@localhost ~]# jobs

[1]+  已停止               dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190

7、使dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file2 bs=1M count=1024 命令操作在后台运行

[root@localhost ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file2 bs=1M count=1024 &

[2] 33683

8、查看后台的任务列表

[root@localhost ~]# jobs

[1]+  已停止               dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190

[2]-  运行中               dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file2 bs=1M count=1024 &

9、恢复dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 让其在后台继续运行

[root@localhost ~]# bg 1

[1]+ dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &

[root@localhost ~]# jobs

[1]+  运行中               dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 &

10、查询dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190 命令的进程并通过kill杀死

[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep dd

root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [kthreadd]

root        876  0.0  0.0 212056   904 ?        Ss   08:28   0:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD

dbus        901  0.0  0.2  38432  2744 ?        Ssl  08:28   0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation

root       1888  0.0  0.2  38152  2088 ?        Ssl  08:30   0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 4 --print-address 6 --session

root       2038  0.0  0.1  36836  1412 ?        Sl   08:30   0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --config-file=/etc/at-spi2/accessibility.conf --nofork --print-address 3

root       2233  0.0  0.6 878744  6224 ?        Sl   08:31   0:00 /usr/libexec/evolution-addressbook-factory

root      33745 11.0  0.1 108956  1672 pts/2    R+   11:08   0:00 dd if=/dev/zero of=/root/file bs=1M count=8190

root      33747  9.0  0.0 112660   968 pts/1    R+   11:08   0:00 grep --color=auto dd

[root@localhost ~]# kill 33745

[root@localhost ~]# ps aux | grep dd

root          2  0.0  0.0      0     0 ?        S    08:28   0:00 [kthreadd]

root        876  0.0  0.0 212056   904 ?        Ss   08:28   0:00 /usr/bin/abrt-watch-log -F BUG: WARNING: at WARNING: CPU: INFO: possible recursive locking detected ernel BUG at list_del corruption list_add corruption do_IRQ: stack overflow: ear stack overflow (cur: eneral protection fault nable to handle kernel ouble fault: RTNL: assertion failed eek! page_mapcount(page) went negative! adness at NETDEV WATCHDOG ysctl table check failed : nobody cared IRQ handler type mismatch Machine Check Exception: Machine check events logged divide error: bounds: coprocessor segment overrun: invalid TSS: segment not present: invalid opcode: alignment check: stack segment: fpu exception: simd exception: iret exception: /var/log/messages -- /usr/bin/abrt-dump-oops -xtD

dbus        901  0.0  0.2  38432  2744 ?        Ssl  08:28   0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation

root       1888  0.0  0.2  38152  2088 ?        Ssl  08:30   0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 4 --print-address 6 --session

root       2038  0.0  0.1  36836  1412 ?        Sl   08:30   0:00 /bin/dbus-daemon --config-file=/etc/at-spi2/accessibility.conf --nofork --print-address 3

root       2233  0.0  0.6 878744  6224 ?        Sl   08:31   0:00 /usr/libexec/evolution-addressbook-factory

root      33758  0.0  0.0 112660   972 pts/1    R+   11:09   0:00 grep --color=auto dd

11、设置一次性计划任务在18：00时关闭系统，并查看任务信息

[root@localhost ~]# at 18:00

at> init 0

at> <EOT>

job 1 at Thu Aug  8 18:00:00 2019

[root@localhost ~]# atq

1 Thu Aug  8 18:00:00 2019 a root

12、以root身份设置周期性计划任务

a) 每天晚上的24点时打包压缩 /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow 为 file.tar.gz

0    0   *   *  *  /bin/tar cfz /tmp/file.tar.gz  /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow

b) 每周一的每隔五分钟列出磁盘使用状况

*/5  *   *   *  1  /usr/bin/df -hT

c) 每天的8:30与互联网时间同步服务器pool.ntp.org同步时间

30   8   *   *  *  /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org

13、通过crontab命令查看root的计划任务，通过文件查看类工具列出/var/spool/cron下对应的文件内容

[root@localhost ~]# crontab -l

0    0   *   *  *  /bin/tar cfz /tmp/file.tar.gz  /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow

*/5  *   *   *  1  /usr/bin/df -hT

30   8   *   *  *  /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org 

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/spool/cron/root

0    0   *   *  *  /bin/tar cfz /tmp/file.tar.gz  /etc/passwd /etc/shadow /etc/group /etc/gshadow

*/5  *   *   *  1  /usr/bin/df -hT

30   8   *   *  *  /usr/sbin/ntpdate pool.ntp.org