有的时候，我们的 Spring Boot 应用需要调用第三方接口，这个接口可能是 Http协议、可能是 WebService、可能是 FTP或其他格式，本章讨论 Http 接口的调用。
通常基于 Http/Https 协议的接口请求动作 POST/GET/PUT/DELETE/PATCH 操作。交互的内容可以是文本、Json 或 Xml。
在 Spring Boot 中使用 Apache HttpClient 类库能够方便快捷地解决 Http 调用问题。
1 新建 Spring Boot Maven 示例工程项目
注意：是用来 IDEA 开发工具
- File > New > Project，如下图选择
Spring Initializr然后点击 【Next】下一步 - 填写
GroupId（包名）、Artifact（项目名） 即可。点击 下一步
groupId=com.fishpro
artifactId=httpclient - 选择依赖
Spring Web Starter前面打钩。 - 项目名设置为
spring-boot-study-httpclient.
2 引入依赖 Pom
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3 编写 HttpClient 代码示例
3.1 传统的 get/post
大多数情况，第三方提供的接口都是基于 GET/POST，而且一般需要设定 url、http head 的值，所以我们下面的代码是针对只有 GET/POST 的接口设定
/**
* 传统的 http get/post 实现
* */
public class HttpClientUtils {
/**
* http get
* @param url 可带参数的 url 链接
* @param heads http 头信息
* */
public String get(String url,Map<String,String> heads){
org.apache.http.client.HttpClient httpClient= HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
String result="";
HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet(url);
if(heads!=null){
Set<String> keySet=heads.keySet();
for(String s:keySet){
httpGet.addHeader(s,heads.get(s));
}
}
try{
httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity=httpResponse.getEntity();
if(httpEntity!=null){
result= EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity,"utf-8");
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
/**
* http post
* */
public static String post(String url, String data, Map<String, String> heads){
org.apache.http.client.HttpClient httpClient= HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
String result="";
HttpPost httpPost=new HttpPost(url);
if(heads!=null){
Set<String> keySet=heads.keySet();
for(String s:keySet){
httpPost.addHeader(s,heads.get(s));
}
}
try{
StringEntity s=new StringEntity(data,"utf-8");
httpPost.setEntity(s);
httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpPost);
HttpEntity httpEntity=httpResponse.getEntity();
if(httpEntity!=null){
result= EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity,"utf-8");
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
}
调用也非常简单
3.2 基于 REST 接口的操作方法
我们可以单独为 REST 风格接口提供方法，因为 HttpClient 为我们单独提供了针对 GET/POST/PUT/DELETE 的方法。
3.2.1 GET 方法
- 首先创建一个http请求 HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet(url);
- 自定义一个 Response Handler
- 执行 httpclient.execute(请求，Handler)
- 处理返回
/**
* http get
* @param url 可带参数的 url 链接
* @param heads http 头信息
* */
public static String get(String url,Map<String,String> heads){
org.apache.http.client.HttpClient httpClient= HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpResponse httpResponse = null;
String result="";
HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet(url);
if(heads!=null){
Set<String> keySet=heads.keySet();
for(String s:keySet){
httpGet.addHeader(s,heads.get(s));
}
}
try{
httpResponse=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
HttpEntity httpEntity=httpResponse.getEntity();
if(httpEntity!=null){
result= EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity,"utf-8");
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
return result;
}
3.2.2 POST 方法
- 首先创建一个http请求 HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
- 自定义一个 Response Handler，向POST中添加数据（JSON 信息）和 Header信息
httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json"); httpPost.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); - 执行 httpclient.execute(请求，Handler)
- 处理返回
/**
* post 方法
* @param url post 的 url
* @param data 数据 application/json 的时候 为json格式
* @param heads Http Head 参数
* */
public static String post(String url,String data,Map<String,String> heads) throws IOException{
try (CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
if(heads!=null){
Set<String> keySet=heads.keySet();
for(String s:keySet){
httpPost.addHeader(s,heads.get(s));
}
}
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(data);
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpPost.getRequestLine());
// Create a custom response handler
ResponseHandler < String > responseHandler = response -> {
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
} else {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
}
};
String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpPost, responseHandler);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(responseBody);
return responseBody;
}
}
3.2.3 PUT 方法
- 首先创建一个http请求 HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
- 自定义一个 Response Handler，向POST中添加数据（JSON 信息）和 Header信息
httpPut.setHeader("Accept", "application/json"); httpPut.setHeader("Content-type", "application/json"); - 执行 httpclient.execute(请求，Handler)
- 处理返回
/**
* put 方法
* @param url put 的 url
* @param data 数据 application/json 的时候 为json格式
* @param heads Http Head 参数
* */
public static String put(String url,String data,Map<String,String> heads) throws IOException{
try (CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
if(heads!=null){
Set<String> keySet=heads.keySet();
for(String s:keySet){
httpPut.addHeader(s,heads.get(s));
}
}
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(data);
httpPut.setEntity(stringEntity);
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpPut.getRequestLine());
// Create a custom response handler
ResponseHandler < String > responseHandler = response -> {
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
} else {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
}
};
String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpPut, responseHandler);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(responseBody);
return responseBody;
}
}
3.2.4 DELETE 方法
- 首先创建一个http请求 HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
- 自定义一个 Response Handler
- 执行 httpclient.execute(请求，Handler)
- 处理返回
/**
* delete 方法
* @param url delete 的 url
* @param heads Http Head 参数
* */
public static String delete(String url,Map<String,String> heads) throws IOException {
try (CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault()) {
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
if(heads!=null){
Set<String> keySet=heads.keySet();
for(String s:keySet){
httpDelete.addHeader(s,heads.get(s));
}
}
System.out.println("Executing request " + httpDelete.getRequestLine());
// Create a custom response handler
ResponseHandler < String > responseHandler = response -> {
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if (status >= 200 && status < 300) {
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
return entity != null ? EntityUtils.toString(entity) : null;
} else {
throw new ClientProtocolException("Unexpected response status: " + status);
}
};
String responseBody = httpclient.execute(httpDelete, responseHandler);
System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
System.out.println(responseBody);
return responseBody;
}
}
参考链接
https://www.javaguides.net/2018/10/apache-httpclient-get-post-put-and-delete-methods-example.html