面试题3(二):不修改数组找出重复的数字题目:在一个长度为n+1的数组里的所有数字都在1到n的范围内,所以数组中至少有一个数字是重复的。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字,但不能修改输入的数组。例如,如果输入长度为8的数组{2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7},那么对应的输出是重复的数字2或者3。
C++版本,测试用例很值得学习:
//==================================================================
// 《剑指Offer——名企面试官精讲典型编程题》代码
// 作者:何海涛
//==================================================================
// 面试题3(二):不修改数组找出重复的数字
// 题目:在一个长度为n+1的数组里的所有数字都在1到n的范围内,所以数组中至
// 少有一个数字是重复的。请找出数组中任意一个重复的数字,但不能修改输入的
// 数组。例如,如果输入长度为8的数组{2, 3, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6, 7},那么对应的
// 输出是重复的数字2或者3。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int countRange(const int* numbers, int length, int start, int end)
{
if(numbers == nullptr)
return 0;
int count = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < length; i++)
if(numbers[i] >= start && numbers[i] <= end)
++count;
return count;
}
int getDuplication(const int* numbers,int length){
if(numbers == nullptr || length <= 0){
return -1;
}
int start = 1;
int end = length - 1;
while(start <= end){
int middle = (start + end) / 2;
int count = countRange(numbers, length, start, middle);
if(end == start){
if(count > 1)
return start;
else
break;
}
// 前半部分有重复
if(count > (middle - start +1))
end = middle;
else
// 后半部分有重复
start = middle + 1;
}
return -1;
}
// ============== 测试代码 ==============
void test(const char* testName, int *numbers, int length, int *duplications, int dupLength){
int result = getDuplication(numbers, length);
for(int i = 0; i < dupLength; i++){
if(result == duplications[i]){
cout<<testName<<" passed."<<endl;
return ;
}
}
cout<<testName<<" failed."<<endl;
}
// 多个重复的数字
void test1(){
int numbers[] = {1,2,2,3,3,4,5,6};
int duplications[] = {2,3};
test("test1", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 一个重复的数字
void test2()
{
int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 4 };
test("test2", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 重复的数字是数组中最小的数字
void test3()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 8 };
int duplications[] = { 1 };
test("test3", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 重复的数字是数组中最大的数字
void test4()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 2, 8 };
int duplications[] = { 8 };
test("test4", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 数组中只有两个数字
void test5()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 1 };
int duplications[] = { 1 };
test("test5", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 重复的数字位于数组当中
void test6()
{
int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 3 };
test("test6", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 多个重复的数字
void test7()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 6 };
int duplications[] = { 2, 6 };
test("test7", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 一个数字重复三次
void test8()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 2 };
int duplications[] = { 2 };
test("test8", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 没有重复的数字
void test9()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 3 };
int duplications[] = { -1 };
test("test9", numbers, sizeof(numbers) / sizeof(int), duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
// 无效的输入
void test10()
{
int* numbers = nullptr;
int duplications[] = { -1 };
test("test10", numbers, 0, duplications, sizeof(duplications) / sizeof(int));
}
int main(){
test1();
test2();
test3();
test4();
test5();
test6();
test7();
test8();
test9();
test10();
return 0;
}
Java版本:
package com.zr.test;
/**
*
* @Description
* @author ZR
* @date 2020年6月3日 下午3:52:18
* @version V0.1
*/
public class Num3_2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
test1();
test2();
test3();
test4();
test5();
test6();
test7();
test8();
test9();
test10();
}
public static int countRange(int[] numbers, int length, int start, int end) {
if (numbers == null)
return 0;
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
if (numbers[i] >= start && numbers[i] <= end)
++count;
return count;
}
public static int getDuplication(int[] numbers, int length) {
if (numbers == null || length <= 0) {
return -1;
}
int start = 1;
int end = length - 1;
while (start <= end) {
int middle = (start + end) / 2;
int count = countRange(numbers, length, start, middle);
if (end == start) {
if (count > 1)
return start;
else
break;
}
// 前半部分有重复
if (count > (middle - start + 1))
end = middle;
else
// 后半部分有重复
start = middle + 1;
}
return -1;
}
// ============== 测试代码 ==============
public static void test(String testName, int[] numbers, int length, int[] duplications, int dupLength) {
int result = getDuplication(numbers, length);
for (int i = 0; i < dupLength; i++) {
if (result == duplications[i]) {
System.out.println(testName + " passed.");
return;
}
}
System.out.println(testName + " failed.");
}
// 多个重复的数字
public static void test1() {
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
int duplications[] = { 2, 3 };
test("test1", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 一个重复的数字
public static void test2()
{
int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 4 };
test("test2", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 重复的数字是数组中最小的数字
public static void test3()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 1, 8 };
int duplications[] = { 1 };
test("test3", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 重复的数字是数组中最大的数字
public static void test4()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 7, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 2, 8 };
int duplications[] = { 8 };
test("test4", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 数组中只有两个数字
public static void test5()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 1 };
int duplications[] = { 1 };
test("test5", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 重复的数字位于数组当中
public static void test6()
{
int numbers[] = { 3, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };
int duplications[] = { 3 };
test("test6", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 多个重复的数字
public static void test7()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 6 };
int duplications[] = { 2, 6 };
test("test7", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 一个数字重复三次
public static void test8()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 2, 6, 4, 5, 2 };
int duplications[] = { 2 };
test("test8", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 没有重复的数字
public static void test9()
{
int numbers[] = { 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 3 };
int duplications[] = { -1 };
test("test9", numbers, numbers.length, duplications, duplications.length);
}
// 无效的输入
public static void test10()
{
int []numbers = null;
int duplications[] = { -1 };
test("test10", numbers, 0, duplications, duplications.length);
}
}