spring bean的装载过程简略赏析

spring一个bean的容器，它从这个最基本的功能进而扩展出AOP，transaction，cache，schedule,data等等，将业务与框架代码解耦，让我们可以将大部分精力投入到业务代码中，这是一个伟大的开源项目，带着这份感激与赞美之情，来看一spring最基本的功能--bean的装载：

  我们知道，spring在1与2时使用xml等配置文件来配置bean的声明，而3以后，spring则引入注解，大大简化了bean的繁杂的配置，bean的装载部分并没有发生本质上的变化，只是稍稍做了一些改动。

  如何读取bean，这部分在本篇不打算详细介绍。简单说明一下流程：spring获取bean信息（具体是配置文件还是注解按具体场景决定），将bean信息赋予BeanDefifition，这个类是关键，它承载了bean的所有信息。

  在拿到BeanDefinition后，spring便开始装载之旅，spring将bean的装载划分为几个步骤:1.装载前,2.赋值前,3.赋值后.4.装载后,基于这些步骤,spring均预留了相应的接口,供外部逻辑参与到bean的装载过程中.

首先看下AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java的doCreateBean方法

    // Initialize the bean instance.
        Object exposedObject = bean;
        try {
            populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
            if (exposedObject != null) {
                exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
            }
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
                throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
            }
            else {
                throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
            }
        }

主要看上面这部分代码，一个是populateBean,一个是initializeBean，这两个方法完成了bean的赋值与初始化。先看populateBean：

// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
        // state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
        // to support styles of field injection.
        boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;

        if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
            for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                    InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                    if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
                        continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
            return;
        }

        if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME ||
                mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
            MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);

            // Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
            if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
                autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
            }

            // Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
            if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
                autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
            }

            pvs = newPvs;
        }

        boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
        boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);

        if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
            PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw);
            if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
                for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
                    if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
                        InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
                        pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
                        if (pvs == null) {
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (needsDepCheck) {
                checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
            }
        }

        applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);

populateBean做了这样几件事情:调用实现了InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor接口的postProcessAfterInstantiation方法,确认bean的赋值是否继续,调用postProcessPropertyValues方法来确保依赖已经解析完毕,并且可以替换property的value.做完这些操作后,就可以开始赋值了.

  到此，我们发现并没有发生真正的赋值，真正的赋值逻辑在 applyPropertyValuesf方法中：

if (pvs instanceof MutablePropertyValues) {
            mpvs = (MutablePropertyValues) pvs;
            if (mpvs.isConverted()) {
                // Shortcut: use the pre-converted values as-is.
                try {
                    bw.setPropertyValues(mpvs);
                    return;
                }
                catch (BeansException ex) {
                    throw new BeanCreationException(
                            mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
                }
            }
            original = mpvs.getPropertyValueList();
        }
        else {
            original = Arrays.asList(pvs.getPropertyValues());
        }

        TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
        if (converter == null) {
            converter = bw;
        }
        BeanDefinitionValueResolver valueResolver = new BeanDefinitionValueResolver(this, beanName, mbd, converter);

        // Create a deep copy, resolving any references for values.
        List<PropertyValue> deepCopy = new ArrayList<PropertyValue>(original.size());
        boolean resolveNecessary = false;
        for (PropertyValue pv : original) {
            if (pv.isConverted()) {
                deepCopy.add(pv);
            }
            else {
                String propertyName = pv.getName();
                Object originalValue = pv.getValue();
                Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue);
                Object convertedValue = resolvedValue;
                boolean convertible = bw.isWritableProperty(propertyName) &&
                        !PropertyAccessorUtils.isNestedOrIndexedProperty(propertyName);
                if (convertible) {
                    convertedValue = convertForProperty(resolvedValue, propertyName, bw, converter);
                }
                // Possibly store converted value in merged bean definition,
                // in order to avoid re-conversion for every created bean instance.
                if (resolvedValue == originalValue) {
                    if (convertible) {
                        pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
                    }
                    deepCopy.add(pv);
                }
                else if (convertible && originalValue instanceof TypedStringValue &&
                        !((TypedStringValue) originalValue).isDynamic() &&
                        !(convertedValue instanceof Collection || ObjectUtils.isArray(convertedValue))) {
                    pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
                    deepCopy.add(pv);
                }
                else {
                    resolveNecessary = true;
                    deepCopy.add(new PropertyValue(pv, convertedValue));
                }
            }
        }
        if (mpvs != null && !resolveNecessary) {
            mpvs.setConverted();
        }

        // Set our (possibly massaged) deep copy.
        try {
            bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy));
        }
        catch (BeansException ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
        }

这里有一个BeanDefinitionValueResolver，这个类用来解析property里的value，如果是依赖其他bean则会到容器中找是否存在如果有则返回，没有则创建一个。spring又为每个对象的属性定义了一个数据结构：PropertyValue,这样做加大了容器对bean属性的修改的灵活性，上面的方法就是对每个属性进行处理然后通过beanWapper的setPropertyValues进行赋值。

这里注意一下，bean有singleton和prototype两种 ，对于prototype，spring采用了原型模式，使用对象的deepcopy。

至此，spring完成了对实例的赋值，然后就是调用initializeBean：

protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
            AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
                public Object run() {
                    invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
                    return null;
                }
            }, getAccessControlContext());
        }
        else {
            invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
        }
        
        Object wrappedBean = bean;
        if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
            wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
        }

        try {
            invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
        }
        catch (Throwable ex) {
            throw new BeanCreationException(
                    (mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
                    beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
        }

        if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
            wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
        }
        return wrappedBean;
    }

这里有四个重要的方法.

invokeAwareMethods

applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization

invokeInitMethods

applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization

使用spring，就一定会知道spring有一系列aware,比如（beanNameAware,beanFactoryAware,aplicationContextArware，enviromentAware等等）。这些aware使得代码与spring框架耦合，带来的好处就是能让代码使用spring框架提供的强大功能，我们看到，在initializeBean方法中，一开始就调用了invokeAwareMethods:

private void invokeAwareMethods(final String beanName, final Object bean) {
        if (bean instanceof Aware) {
            if (bean instanceof BeanNameAware) {
                ((BeanNameAware) bean).setBeanName(beanName);
            }
            if (bean instanceof BeanClassLoaderAware) {
                ((BeanClassLoaderAware) bean).setBeanClassLoader(getBeanClassLoader());
            }
            if (bean instanceof BeanFactoryAware) {
                ((BeanFactoryAware) bean).setBeanFactory(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.this);
            }
        }
    }

这些aware发生在对象被赋值以后，在bean创建的过程中我们只看到了被调用的3个Aware方法,事实上这3个Aware方法我们用的并不多,这是因为我们常用的容器实际上是更上层的applicationContext,那么applicationContext容器的aware实在何时被调用的呢,我们会在下面的讲解中展示给大家.

接下来，调用了applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization方法：

public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
            throws BeansException {

        Object result = existingBean;
        for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
            result = beanProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization(result, beanName);
            if (result == null) {
                return result;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

我们看到，这里开始调用所有注册了BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法，这个方法的实现类列表中，我们看到了aop的身影，aop就是从这里开始参与进来的。

前面提到过applicationContext级别的Awaref方法的调用,没错,就是在这里.看一下这个类:ApplicationContextAwareProcessor它实现了BeanPostProcessor接口

这个是专门处理ApplicationContextAware相关的接口的调用的:

public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(final Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        AccessControlContext acc = null;

        if (System.getSecurityManager() != null &&
                (bean instanceof EnvironmentAware || bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware ||
                        bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware || bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware ||
                        bean instanceof MessageSourceAware || bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware)) {
            acc = this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory().getAccessControlContext();
        }

        if (acc != null) {
            AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
                invokeAwareInterfaces(bean);
                return null;
            }, acc);
        }
        else {
            invokeAwareInterfaces(bean);
        }

        return bean;
    }

private void invokeAwareInterfaces(Object bean) {
        if (bean instanceof Aware) {
            if (bean instanceof EnvironmentAware) {
                ((EnvironmentAware) bean).setEnvironment(this.applicationContext.getEnvironment());
            }
            if (bean instanceof EmbeddedValueResolverAware) {
                ((EmbeddedValueResolverAware) bean).setEmbeddedValueResolver(this.embeddedValueResolver);
            }
            if (bean instanceof ResourceLoaderAware) {
                ((ResourceLoaderAware) bean).setResourceLoader(this.applicationContext);
            }
            if (bean instanceof ApplicationEventPublisherAware) {
                ((ApplicationEventPublisherAware) bean).setApplicationEventPublisher(this.applicationContext);
            }
            if (bean instanceof MessageSourceAware) {
                ((MessageSourceAware) bean).setMessageSource(this.applicationContext);
            }
            if (bean instanceof ApplicationContextAware) {
                ((ApplicationContextAware) bean).setApplicationContext(this.applicationContext);
            }
        }
    }

这个类会在spring的refresh方法被调用的时候被创建出来,至于refresh方法何时被调用就不是本篇的重点了

上面说过,还有一个重要的方法:invokeInitMethods,从字面上可以看出,这是调用bean的初始化方法

protected void invokeInitMethods(String beanName, final Object bean, RootBeanDefinition mbd)
            throws Throwable {

        boolean isInitializingBean = (bean instanceof InitializingBean);
        if (isInitializingBean && (mbd == null || !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod("afterPropertiesSet"))) {
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Invoking afterPropertiesSet() on bean with name '" + beanName + "'");
            }
            if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
                try {
                    AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>() {
                        public Object run() throws Exception {
                            ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
                            return null;
                        }
                    }, getAccessControlContext());
                }
                catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
                    throw pae.getException();
                }
            }                
            else {
                ((InitializingBean) bean).afterPropertiesSet();
            }
        }

        if (mbd != null) {
            String initMethodName = mbd.getInitMethodName();
            if (initMethodName != null && !(isInitializingBean && "afterPropertiesSet".equals(initMethodName)) &&
                    !mbd.isExternallyManagedInitMethod(initMethodName)) {
                invokeCustomInitMethod(beanName, bean, mbd);
            }
        }
    }

看了这个实现,发现,原来伟大的spring也会在代码里存在硬编码,没错,这就是调用实现了InitializingBean的类的afterPropertiesSet方法,只不过之前做了一系列校验

最后再调用applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization方法，同样上面一样，循环遍历调用注册了beanPostProcessor的方法，最后返回一个处理完成的bean实例，注意了，spring aop就是在此介入的，有兴趣的同学可以看一下我的另一篇博客spring @EnableAspectJAutoProxy背后的那些事(spring AOP源码赏析)，至此，一个完成的bean的装载过程已经完成。

    @Override
    public Object applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(Object existingBean, String beanName)
            throws BeansException {

        Object result = existingBean;
        for (BeanPostProcessor beanProcessor : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
            Object current = beanProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization(result, beanName);
            if (current == null) {
                return result;
            }
            result = current;
        }
        return result;
    }

总结一下,我们经常用到的(可能用到的)一些f方法被调用的顺序:

beanFactoryArware这是最底层的了

EnvironmentAware

ResourceLoaderAware

ApplicationEventPublisherAware

ApplicationContextAware

afterPropertiesSet

以上是我个人理解，因技术尚有不足，理解有误地方还望大家指正，多多交流，谢谢！                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               转载请注明出处！