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之前写过一篇文章《如何在springcloud分布式系统中实现分布式锁？》，由于自己仅仅是阅读了相关的书籍，和查阅了相关的资料，就认为那样的是可行的。那篇文章实现的大概思路是用setNx命令和setEx配合使用。 setNx是一个耗时操作，因为它需要查询这个键是否存在，就算redis的百万的qps，在高并发的场景下，这种操作也是有问题的。关于redis实现分布式锁，redis官方推荐使用redlock。
一、redlock简介
在不同进程需要互斥地访问共享资源时，分布式锁是一种非常有用的技术手段。实现高效的分布式锁有三个属性需要考虑：
- 安全属性：互斥，不管什么时候，只有一个客户端持有锁
- 效率属性A:不会死锁
- 效率属性B：容错，只要大多数redis节点能够正常工作，客户端端都能获取和释放锁。
Redlock是redis官方提出的实现分布式锁管理器的算法。这个算法会比一般的普通方法更加安全可靠。关于这个算法的讨论可以看下官方文档。
二、怎么用java使用 redlock
在pom文件引入redis和redisson依赖：
<!-- redis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- redisson-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.redisson</groupId>
<artifactId>redisson</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>
AquiredLockWorker接口类，，主要是用于获取锁后需要处理的逻辑：
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/5.
* 获取锁后需要处理的逻辑
*/
public interface AquiredLockWorker<T> {
T invokeAfterLockAquire() throws Exception;
}
DistributedLocker 获取锁管理类：
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/5.
* 获取锁管理类
*/
public interface DistributedLocker {
/**
* 获取锁
* @param resourceName 锁的名称
* @param worker 获取锁后的处理类
* @param <T>
* @return 处理完具体的业务逻辑要返回的数据
* @throws UnableToAquireLockException
* @throws Exception
*/
<T> T lock(String resourceName, AquiredLockWorker<T> worker) throws UnableToAquireLockException, Exception;
<T> T lock(String resourceName, AquiredLockWorker<T> worker, int lockTime) throws UnableToAquireLockException, Exception;
}
UnableToAquireLockException ，不能获取锁的异常类：
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/5.
* 异常类
*/
public class UnableToAquireLockException extends RuntimeException {
public UnableToAquireLockException() {
}
public UnableToAquireLockException(String message) {
super(message);
}
public UnableToAquireLockException(String message, Throwable cause) {
super(message, cause);
}
}
RedissonConnector 连接类：
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/5.
* 获取RedissonClient连接类
*/
@Component
public class RedissonConnector {
RedissonClient redisson;
@PostConstruct
public void init(){
redisson = Redisson.create();
}
public RedissonClient getClient(){
return redisson;
}
}
RedisLocker 类，实现了DistributedLocker：
import org.redisson.api.RLock;
import org.redisson.api.RedissonClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* Created by fangzhipeng on 2017/4/5.
*/
@Component
public class RedisLocker implements DistributedLocker{
private final static String LOCKER_PREFIX = "lock:";
@Autowired
RedissonConnector redissonConnector;
@Override
public <T> T lock(String resourceName, AquiredLockWorker<T> worker) throws InterruptedException, UnableToAquireLockException, Exception {
return lock(resourceName, worker, 100);
}
@Override
public <T> T lock(String resourceName, AquiredLockWorker<T> worker, int lockTime) throws UnableToAquireLockException, Exception {
RedissonClient redisson= redissonConnector.getClient();
RLock lock = redisson.getLock(LOCKER_PREFIX + resourceName);
// Wait for 100 seconds seconds and automatically unlock it after lockTime seconds
boolean success = lock.tryLock(100, lockTime, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if (success) {
try {
return worker.invokeAfterLockAquire();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
throw new UnableToAquireLockException();
}
}
测试类：
@Autowired
RedisLocker distributedLocker;
@RequestMapping(value = "/redlock")
public String testRedlock() throws Exception{
CountDownLatch startSignal = new CountDownLatch(1);
CountDownLatch doneSignal = new CountDownLatch(5);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { // create and start threads
new Thread(new Worker(startSignal, doneSignal)).start();
}
startSignal.countDown(); // let all threads proceed
doneSignal.await();
System.out.println("All processors done. Shutdown connection");
return "redlock";
}
class Worker implements Runnable {
private final CountDownLatch startSignal;
private final CountDownLatch doneSignal;
Worker(CountDownLatch startSignal, CountDownLatch doneSignal) {
this.startSignal = startSignal;
this.doneSignal = doneSignal;
}
public void run() {
try {
startSignal.await();
distributedLocker.lock("test",new AquiredLockWorker<Object>() {
@Override
public Object invokeAfterLockAquire() {
doTask();
return null;
}
});
}catch (Exception e){
}
}
void doTask() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start");
Random random = new Random();
int _int = random.nextInt(200);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " sleep " + _int + "millis");
try {
Thread.sleep(_int);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " end");
doneSignal.countDown();
}
}
运行测试类：
Thread-48 start
Thread-48 sleep 99millis
Thread-48 end
Thread-49 start
Thread-49 sleep 118millis
Thread-49 end
Thread-52 start
Thread-52 sleep 141millis
Thread-52 end
Thread-50 start
Thread-50 sleep 28millis
Thread-50 end
Thread-51 start
Thread-51 sleep 145millis
Thread-51 end
从运行结果上看，在异步任务的情况下，确实是获取锁之后才能运行线程。不管怎么样，这是redis官方推荐的一种方案，可靠性比较高。有什么问题欢迎留言。
三、参考资料
https://github.com/redisson/redisson
A Look at the Java Distributed In-Memory Data Model (Powered by Redis)
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