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  • HDFS namenode 写edit log原理以及源码分析

    这篇分析一下namenode 写edit log的过程。

    关于namenode日志,集群做了如下配置

      <property>
        <name>dfs.nameservices</name>
        <value>sync</value>
        <description>Logical name for this new nameservice</description>
      </property>
      <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
        <value>file://home/wudi/hadoop/nn</value>
      </property>
      <property>
        <name>dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir</name>
        <value>qjournal://host1:port1;host2:port2;host3:port3/sync</value>
      </property>
    

    这个配置是说namenode写edit log需要往两个地方写,第一个是/home/wudi/hadoop/nn,namenode本地文件系统,另外一个qjournal,这是一个共享的edit log directory,namenode往多个JournalNode写edit log,namenode作为Paxos中的Proposer,JournalNode作为Acceptor,保证多点写时也能对edit log达成一致。实际上,我的集群上起了3个JournalNode进程。
    总体来说,namenode多线程写edit log,edit log维护双buffer,一个用于填充数据,另外一个用于flush。往buffer中写edit log需要事先加锁,写完后检查如果buffer中数据大小达到阈值,则进行sync,将buffer真正写出. 或者,线程主动调用sync,主动将buffer写出去.sync时,也要加锁,和往buffer中写edit log是同一把锁,拿住锁后,切buffer,然后解锁,在锁外面将buffer写出去。在我的配置中,需要写两个地方,一个是namenode本地的存edit log的目录file://home/wudi/hadoop/nn,另外一个是qjournal,往三个JournalNode进程并行写.

    下面看看代码:

    FSEditLog的初始化

     FSEditLog(Configuration conf, NNStorage storage, List<URI> editsDirs) {
        isSyncRunning = false;
        this.conf = conf;
        this.storage = storage;
        metrics = NameNode.getNameNodeMetrics();
        lastPrintTime = now();
        // If this list is empty, an error will be thrown on first use
        // of the editlog, as no journals will exist
        this.editsDirs = Lists.newArrayList(editsDirs);
    
        this.sharedEditsDirs = FSNamesystem.getSharedEditsDirs(conf);
      }
    

    this.editsDirs就是配置项dfs.namenode.name.dir和dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir的
    和.
    this.sharedEditsDirs是配置项dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir

      private synchronized void initJournals(List<URI> dirs) {
        int minimumRedundantJournals = conf.getInt(
            DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_EDITS_DIR_MINIMUM_KEY,
            DFSConfigKeys.DFS_NAMENODE_EDITS_DIR_MINIMUM_DEFAULT);
    
        journalSet = new JournalSet(minimumRedundantJournals);
    
        for (URI u : dirs) {
          boolean required =FSNamesystem.getRequiredNamespaceEditsDirs(conf)
              .contains(u);
          if (u.getScheme().equals(NNStorage.LOCAL_URI_SCHEME)) {
            StorageDirectory sd = storage.getStorageDirectory(u);
            if (sd != null) {
              journalSet.add(new FileJournalManager(conf, sd, storage),
                  required, sharedEditsDirs.contains(u));
            }
          } else {
            journalSet.add(createJournal(u), required,
                sharedEditsDirs.contains(u));
          }
        }
     
        if (journalSet.isEmpty()) {
          LOG.error("No edits directories configured!");
        } 
      }
    

    传进来的是this.editsDirs,一个是本地edit log目录,另外一个是qjournal,JournalSet用来管理多个edit log directory,包括本地的和共享的,那么在我的集群配置下,journalSet里面有两个JournalAndStream对象。JournalAndStream对象包装了具体的edit log输出流和具体的管理流的manager。对于qjournal来说,manager是QuorumJournalManager,对于本地目录来说,manager是FileJournalManager.不同的manager 使用不同的edit log输出流,每一种具体的输出流都继承自EditLogOutputStream这个基类.每次切换edit log segment时,会调用manager的startLogSegment方法来生成一个新的输出流。对于QuorumJournalManager来说,输出流是QuorumOutputStream,对于FileJournalManager来说,输出流是EditLogFileOutputStream.用户可以实现自己的manager,通过配置参数dfs.namenode.edits.journal-plugin.qjournal。上层FSEditLog调用startLogSegment切换一个edit log segment时,调用的是JournalSet的startLogSegment,它会调用它所包含的manager的startLogSegment,这样就产生出了两个输出流。

    下面看看写edit log

    一般来说,namenode写edit log的函数调用顺序是先调void logEdit(final FSEditLogOp op)然后调用public void logSync(),这种方式主要是为了做batch,提高吞吐.logEdit往buffer里写,logSync在真正flush.

    先看FSEditLog的logEdit:

     void logEdit(final FSEditLogOp op) {
        synchronized (this) {
          assert isOpenForWrite() :
            "bad state: " + state;
          // wait if an automatic sync is scheduled
          waitIfAutoSyncScheduled();
          long start = beginTransaction();
          op.setTransactionId(txid);
    
          try {
            editLogStream.write(op);
          } catch (IOException ex) {
            // All journals failed, it is handled in logSync.
          }
    
          endTransaction(start);
          // check if it is time to schedule an automatic sync
          if (!shouldForceSync()) {
            return;
          }
          isAutoSyncScheduled = true;
        }
        // sync buffered edit log entries to persistent store
        logSync();
      }
    
    

    首先,会检查是否sync操作已经被别人调度了(检查isAutoSyncScheduled变量),如果是,说明别的线程即将进行sync操作,则该线程wait,别的线程将buffer切换好后,调用doneWithAutoSyncScheduling将isAutoSyncScheduled置为false,然后将其他等待的线程唤醒. 接着,为edit log分配一个transaction id,id从全局分配器txid分配,以1递增,获得的transaction id保存在线程私有变量中,然后将op写入QuorumOutputStream和EditLogFileOutputStream的buffer中.接着调用shouldForceSync()这个方法会检查每个流的shouldForceSync(),只要有一个返回true,就返回true,意思是buffer够大了,攒的差不多了,该sync一次了,接着就调度一次sync将isAutoSyncScheduled置为true.然后调logSync().QuorumOutputStream这个流永远返回false,EditLogFileOutputStream发现buffer中数据超过512KB(不可配置),则返回true.如果buffer不满512KB,logEdit()会直接返回,不进行logSync,可以看到这里对log进行了batch。

    下面看logSync()

    public void logSync() {
        long syncStart = 0;
    
        // Fetch the transactionId of this thread.
        long mytxid = myTransactionId.get().txid;
        boolean sync = false;
        try {
          EditLogOutputStream logStream = null;
          synchronized (this) {
            try {
              printStatistics(false);
    
              // if somebody is already syncing, then wait
              while (mytxid > synctxid && isSyncRunning) {
                try {
                  wait(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
                }
              }
              //
              // If this transaction was already flushed, then nothing to do
              //
              if (mytxid <= synctxid) {
                numTransactionsBatchedInSync++;
                if (metrics != null) {
                  // Metrics is non-null only when used inside name node
                  metrics.incrTransactionsBatchedInSync();
                }
                return;
              }
              // now, this thread will do the sync
              syncStart = txid;
              isSyncRunning = true;
              sync = true;
              // swap buffers
              try {
                if (journalSet.isEmpty()) {
                  throw new IOException("No journals available to flush");
                }
                editLogStream.setReadyToFlush();
              } catch (IOException e) {
                final String msg =
                    "Could not sync enough journals to persistent storage " +
                    "due to " + e.getMessage() + ". " +
                    "Unsynced transactions: " + (txid - synctxid);
                LOG.fatal(msg, new Exception());
                IOUtils.cleanup(LOG, journalSet);
                terminate(1, msg);
              }
            } finally {
              // Prevent RuntimeException from blocking other log edit write 
              doneWithAutoSyncScheduling();
            }
            //editLogStream may become null,
            //so store a local variable for flush.
            logStream = editLogStream;
          }
          // do the sync
          long start = now();
          try {
            if (logStream != null) {
              logStream.flush();
            }
          } catch (IOException ex) {
            synchronized (this) {
              final String msg =
                  "Could not sync enough journals to persistent storage. "
                  + "Unsynced transactions: " + (txid - synctxid);
              LOG.fatal(msg, new Exception());
              IOUtils.cleanup(LOG, journalSet);
              terminate(1, msg);
            }
          }
          long elapsed = now() - start;
          if (metrics != null) { // Metrics non-null only when used inside name node
            metrics.addSync(elapsed);
          }
        } finally {
          // Prevent RuntimeException from blocking other log edit sync 
          synchronized (this) {
            if (sync) {
              synctxid = syncStart;
              isSyncRunning = false;
            }
            this.notifyAll();
         }
        }
      }
    

    首先,检查是不是别的线程正在做sync(isSyncRunning),如果别的线程正在做并且当前edit log的mytxid大于到目前位置已经sync的最大的synctxid,那么等待。别的线程sync完成后会更新synctxid,并且isSyncRunning置为false,然后唤醒这个线程。线程醒来后,检查是否自己的mytxid对应的edit log已经被sync了,如果是,返回。否则,开始做sync,将isSyncRunning置为true告诉别的线程。然后调用setReadyToFlush切换buffer,调用doneWithAutoSyncScheduling允许别的线程往buffer中写数据。然后进行实际的flush。最后更新synctxid并置isSyncRunning置为false,然后唤醒其他线程.

    结束.

    参考资料

    hadoop-hdfs-2.4.1.jar

    qjournal-design

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/foxmailed/p/4149219.html
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