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  • centos7 mysql数据库安装和配置

    一、系统环境

    yum update升级以后的系统版本为

    [root@yl-web yl]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) 

    二、mysql安装

    一般网上给出的资料都是

    #yum install mysql
    #yum install mysql-server
    #yum install mysql-devel

    安装mysql和mysql-devel都成功,但是安装mysql-server失败,如下:

    [root@yl-web yl]# yum install mysql-server
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.sina.cn
     * extras: mirrors.sina.cn
     * updates: mirrors.sina.cn
    No package mysql-server available.
    Error: Nothing to do

    查资料发现是CentOS 7 版本将MySQL数据库软件从默认的程序列表中移除,用mariadb代替了。

    有两种解决办法:

    1、方法一:安装mariadb

    MariaDB数据库管理系统是MySQL的一个分支,主要由开源社区在维护,采用GPL授权许可。开发这个分支的原因之一是:甲骨文公司收购了MySQL后,有将MySQL闭源的潜在风险,因此社区采用分支的方式来避开这个风险。MariaDB的目的是完全兼容MySQL,包括API和命令行,使之能轻松成为MySQL的代替品。

    安装mariadb,大小59 M。

    [root@yl-web yl]# yum install mariadb-server mariadb 

    mariadb数据库的相关命令是:

    systemctl start mariadb  #启动MariaDB

    systemctl stop mariadb  #停止MariaDB

    systemctl restart mariadb  #重启MariaDB

    systemctl enable mariadb  #设置开机启动

    所以先启动数据库

    [root@yl-web yl]# systemctl start mariadb

    然后就可以正常使用mysql了

    [root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root -p
    Enter password: 
    Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MariaDB connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.5.41-MariaDB MariaDB Server
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
    
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | test               |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    MariaDB [(none)]> 

    安装mariadb后显示的也是 MariaDB [(none)]> ,可能看起来有点不习惯。下面是第二种方法。

    2、方法二:官网下载安装mysql-server

    # wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
    # rpm -ivh mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
    # yum install mysql-community-server

    安装成功后重启mysql服务。

    # service mysqld restart

    初次安装mysql,root账户没有密码。

    [root@yl-web yl]# mysql -u root 
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.6.26 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | test               |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.01 sec)
    
    mysql> 

    设置密码

    mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost' =password('password');
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> 

    不需要重启数据库即可生效。

    在mysql安装过程中如下内容:

    Installed:
      mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                mysql-community-devel.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                
      mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                  mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7               

    Dependency Installed:
      mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.26-2.el7                                                                            

    Replaced:
      mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0          mariadb-devel.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0   mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0  
      mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.41-2.el7_0 

    所以安装完以后mariadb自动就被替换了,将不再生效。

    [root@yl-web yl]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
    [root@yl-web yl]# 

    三、配置mysql

    1、编码

    mysql配置文件为/etc/my.cnf

    最后加上编码配置

    [mysql]
    default-character-set =utf8

    这里的字符编码必须和/usr/share/mysql/charsets/Index.xml中一致。

    2、远程连接设置

    把在所有数据库的所有表的所有权限赋值给位于所有IP地址的root用户。

    mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%'identified by 'password';

    如果是新用户而不是root,则要先新建用户

    mysql>create user 'username'@'%' identified by 'password';  

    此时就可以进行远程连接了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fps2tao/p/7532055.html
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