1、json、pickle、shelve三个区别是什么？
首先，这三个模块都是序列化工具。 1. json是所有语言的序列化工具,优点跨语言、体积小.只能序列化一些基本的数据类型。intstrlist upledict pickle是python语言特有序列化工具，所有数据都能序列化。只能在python中使用，存储数据占空间大. shelve模块是一个简单的k,v将内存数据通过文件持久化的模块，可以持久化任何pickle可支持的python数据格式。
2、json的作用是什么？
序列化，把dict，tuple，list等内存对象转换为字符串，持久化数据，存储到硬盘中或网络传输，因为网络和硬盘只接受bytes
3、为什么要设计好目录结构？
1.可读性高: 不熟悉这个项目的代码的人，一眼就能看懂目录结构，知道程序启动脚本是哪个，测试目录在哪儿，配置文件在哪儿等等。从而非常快速的了解这个项目。
2.可维护性高: 定义好组织规则后，维护者就能很明确地知道，新增的哪个文件和代码应该放在什么目录之下。这个好处是，随着时间的推移，代码/配置的规模增加，项目结构不会混乱，仍然能够组织良好。
4、打印出命令行的第一个参数。例如：
python argument.py luffy 打印出 luffy import sys print(sys.argv[1])
5、
''' Linux当前目录/usr/local/nginx/html/ 文件名：index.html ''' import os BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('index.html'))) print(BASE_DIR) 打印 /usr/local/nginx/
6、os.path.dirname和os.path.abspath含义是什么？
os.path.dirname：指定文件的目录
os.path.abspath：指定文件的绝对路径
7、通过configparser模块完成以下功能
文件名my.cnf
[DEFAULT] [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock [mysqld] explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql_3306/mysql.sock back_log = 80 basedir = /usr/local/mysql tmpdir = /tmp datadir = /data/mysql_3306 default-time-zone = '+8:00'
修改时区 default-time-zone = '+8:00' 为 校准的全球时间 +00:00
删除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
为DEFAULT增加一条 character-set-server = utf8
import configparser import os config = configparser.ConfigParser() config.read('my.cnf') new_file = 'my.cnf%s'%('new') with open(new_file,'w') as new_f: print(config.sections()) print(config) # 为DEFAULT增加一条 character-set-server = utf8 config['DEFAULT']={'character-set-server':'utf8'} # 修改时区 default-time-zone = '+8:00' 为 校准的全球时间 +00:00 config.set('mysqld','default-time-zone','+00:00') # 删除 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true config.remove_option('mysqld','explicit_defaults_for_timestamp') config.write(new_f) os.remove('my.cnf') os.rename(new_file,'my.cnf')
8、写一个6位随机验证码程序（使用random模块),要求验证码中至少包含一个数字、一个小写字母、一个大写字母.、
import random a=list(range(48,58))+list(range(65,91))+list(range(97,123)) count=0 list_code=[] c1=random.choice(list(range(48,58))) list_code.append(c1) c2=random.choice(list(range(65,91))) list_code.append(c2) c3=random.choice(list(range(97,123))) list_code.append(c3) while count<3: c=random.choice(a) list_code.append(c) count+=1 random.shuffle(list_code) str_code="" for i in list_code: str_code+=chr(i) print(str_code)
9、利用正则表达式提取到 luffycity.com ，内容如下
s=''' <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>luffycity.com</title> </head> <body> </body> </html> ''' import re match_s = re.findall('<title>(.*?)</title>',s) print(match_s[0])
10、写一个用户登录验证程序，文件如下 1234.json
import json import time with open("1234.json","r+",encoding="utf-8") as f1: ret=json.load(f1) count=0 if ret.get("status")==0: ex_t=ret.get("expire_date") st_t=time.strptime(ex_t,"%Y-%m-%d") c_t=time.mktime(st_t) g_t=c_t-time.time() if g_t>0: while count<3: uname=input("pls input your username:") pwd=input("pls input your password:") if uname =="1234" and pwd==ret.get("password"): print("登录成功") break else: print("用户名或密码错误，请重新输入(%s后锁定)"%(2-count)) count+=1 if count==3: print("账号已锁定") ret["status"]=1 with open("1234.json","w+",encoding="utf-8") as f2: json.dump(ret,f2) else: print("密码已过期") if ret.get("status")==1: print("账号已锁定")
11、把第上一题三次验证的密码进行hashlib加密处理。即：json文件保存为md5的值，然后用md5的值进行验证。
加密密码
f ='1234.json' fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8') j_user = json.load(fp) md = hashlib.md5() md.update('abc'.encode('utf-8')) md_pwd = md.hexdigest() print(md_pwd) j_user["password"] = md_pwd fp.seek(0) fp.truncate() # 清空文件内容 json.dump(j_user,fp) # 写入md5密码信息 fp.close()
count = 0 exit_flag = False md = hashlib.md5() while count < 3: user = input('输入用户名： ') f = user.strip()+'.json' if os.path.exists(f): fp = open(f,'r+',encoding='utf-8') j_user = json.load(fp) if j_user["status"] == 1: print('账号已经锁定') break else: expire_dt = j_user["expire_date"] current_st = time.time() expire_st = time.mktime(time.strptime(expire_dt,'%Y-%m-%d')) # print(expire_st,current_st) if current_st > expire_st: print('用户已经过期') break else: while count < 3: pwd = input('输入密码： ') md.update(pwd.strip().encode('utf-8')) md5_pwd = md.hexdigest() if md5_pwd == j_user["password"]: print('用户[%s]登录成功'%user) exit_flag = True break else: print('密码不对') if count == 2: print('用户登录已超过3次，锁定账号') j_user["status"] = 1 fp.seek(0) fp.truncate() # 清空文件内容 json.dump(j_user,fp) # 写入锁定信息 fp.close() count += 1 if exit_flag: break else: print('用户不存在') count += 1
12、
-
最近luffy买了个tesla，通过转账的形式，并且支付了5%的手续费，tesla价格为75万。文件为json，请用程序实现该转账行为。 需求如下：
-
目录结构为
.
├── account
│ ├── luffy.json
│ └── tesla.json
└── bin
└── start.py
当执行start.py时，出现交互窗口
------- Luffy Bank ---------
1. 账户信息
2. 转账
-
选择1 账户信息 显示luffy的当前账户余额。
-
选择2 转账 直接扣掉75万和利息费用并且tesla账户增加75万
-
对上题增加一个需求：提现。 目录结构如下
.
├── account
│ └── luffy.json
├── bin
│ └── start.py
└── core
└── withdraw.py
当执行start.py时，出现交互窗口
------- Luffy Bank ---------
1. 账户信息
2. 提现
-
选择1 账户信息 显示luffy的当前账户余额和信用额度。
-
选择2 提现 提现金额应小于等于信用额度，利息为5%，提现金额为用户自定义。
-
尝试把上一章的验证用户登陆的装饰器添加到提现和转账的功能上。
-
对第用户转账、登录、提现操作均通过logging模块记录日志,日志文件位置如下
.
├── account
│ └── luffy.json
├── bin
│ └── start.py
└── core
| └── withdraw.py
└── logs
└── bank.log
目录结构
代码 settings.py
import os ''' 日志文件设置 ''' BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) LOG_LEVEL='INFO' LOG_FILE='bank.log' ''' 交易类型 ''' TRANS_TYPE={ 'withdraw':{'interest':0.05,'action':'minus'}, 'transfer': {'interest': 0.05, 'action': 'minus'} } print(BASE_DIR)
代码 my_logset.py
import logging import os from conf import settings # 日志格式 log_format = '[%(asctime)s - %(levelname)s - %(name)s - %(filename)s - %(lineno)d ] %(message)s ' def get_mylogger(name): """ get log :param name: :return: """ logger = logging.getLogger(name) logger.setLevel(settings.LOG_LEVEL) console_handler = logging.StreamHandler() # 文件绝对路径 logfile_path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'log',settings.LOG_FILE) file_handler = logging.FileHandler(logfile_path) logger.addHandler(console_handler) logger.addHandler(file_handler) file_format = logging.Formatter(fmt=log_format) console_format = logging.Formatter(fmt=log_format, datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ') console_handler.setFormatter(console_format) file_handler.setFormatter(file_format) return logger if __name__ == '__main__': log = get_mylogger('access') log.info('access') log.error('Error') log1 = get_mylogger('trans') log1.info('trans')
代码 auth.py
import json import time import os from conf import settings from log import my_logset from functools import wraps # logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access') def login_required(func): """ 登录认证装饰器 :param func: :return: """ @wraps(func) def wrapper(*args,**kwargs): # print(args[0].get('is_authenticated')) if args[0].get('is_authenticated'): print('execute %s'%func.__name__) res = func(*args, **kwargs) else: exit('user is not authenticated') return res return wrapper def acc_login(user, pwd,logger): """ 用户登录 :param log_obj: :return: """ # 账号文件 account_file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,'account','%s.json'%user) if os.path.isfile(account_file): user_fp = open(account_file,'r',encoding='utf-8') account_data = json.load(fp=user_fp) if account_data["password"] == pwd: exp_time_stamp = time.mktime(time.strptime(account_data["expire_date"],'%Y-%m-%d')) status = account_data['status'] if time.time() > exp_time_stamp: msg = 'Account [%s] has expired,please contact the back to get a new card!' % user logger.error(msg) elif status != 0: msg = 'Account [%s] has frozen' % user logger.error(msg) else: logger.info('***********欢迎{}登录***********'.format(user)) return account_data else: logger.error("Account ID or password is incorrect!") else: msg = "Account [%s] does not exist!" % user logger.error(msg) def auth_acc(user_data,logger): """ 用户登录 :return: """ retry_count = 0 if user_data['is_authenticated'] is not True: while retry_count < 3: user = input('input username: ').strip() pwd = input('input password: ').strip() acc_data = acc_login(user, pwd,logger) if acc_data: user_data['is_authenticated'] = True return acc_data retry_count +=1 else: exit("account too many login attempts" ) if __name__ == '__main__': logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access') user_data = {'is_authenticated':False} auth_acc(user_data,logger)
代码 main.py
import os import json from core import auth from core.auth import login_required from conf import settings from log import my_logset user_data = { 'user_id':None, 'is_authenticated':False, 'user':None } # transaction logger trans_logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('transaction') # access logger access_logger = my_logset.get_mylogger('access') @login_required def account_info(user_data): """ print acoount_info :param acc_data: :return: """ curr_data = user_data['user'] current_user = ''' --------- USER INFO -------- user_id: {} Credit : {} Balance: {} expire_date: {} ---------------------------------- '''.format(curr_data['id'], curr_data['credit'], curr_data['balance'],curr_data['expire_date']) access_logger.info(current_user) @login_required def withdraw(user_data): """ print current balance and let user do the withdraw action :param user_data: :return: """ curr_data = user_data['user'] back_flag = False while not back_flag: withdraw_amount = input("Input withdraw amount:").strip() if withdraw_amount.isdigit(): old_bal = curr_data['balance'] curr_data['balance'] = old_bal - float(withdraw_amount)*settings.TRANS_TYPE['withdraw']['interest'] if curr_data['balance']: msg = "New Balance:%s" % (curr_data['balance']) trans_logger.info(msg) save_data(curr_data) elif withdraw_amount == 'b': back_flag = True else: msg = "[%s] is not a valid amount, only accept integer!" % withdraw_amount trans_logger.error(msg) @login_required def transfer(user_data): """ print current balance and let user do the transfer action :param user_data: :return: """ curr_data = user_data['user'] back_flag = False while not back_flag: transfer_amount = input("Input transfer amount:").strip() tesla_data = get_data('tesla') # 得到转账人的信息 if transfer_amount.isdigit(): transfer_amount = float(transfer_amount) # 转账金额转化float old_bal = curr_data['balance'] new_tesla_bal = tesla_data['balance'] + transfer_amount # 得到转账人的余额 curr_data['balance'] = old_bal - float(transfer_amount) * settings.TRANS_TYPE['withdraw']['interest'] tesla_data['balance'] = new_tesla_bal if curr_data['balance']: msg = "New Balance: %s new_tesla_bal: %s " % (curr_data['balance'], new_tesla_bal) trans_logger.info(msg) # 保存数据 save_data(curr_data) save_data(tesla_data) elif transfer_amount == 'b': back_flag = True else: msg = "[%s] is not a valid amount, only accept integer!" % transfer_amount trans_logger.error(msg) def logout(user_data): """ user logout :param acc_data: :return: """ msg = "%s logout" % user_data['user_id'] user_data['is_authenticated']= False def save_data(acc_data): """ 保存acc_data :param acc_data: :return: """ file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR,'account',acc_data['id']+'.json') user_fp = open(file,'w',encoding='utf-8') print('save_data: ',file, acc_data) json.dump(acc_data,user_fp,ensure_ascii=False) user_fp.close() def get_data(user_id): """ 得到acc_data :param user_id: :return: """ file = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'account', user_id+'.json') user_fp = open(file, 'r', encoding='utf-8') acc_data = json.load(user_fp) user_fp.close() return acc_data def interactive(acc_data): ''' interact with user :return: ''' menu = """ ------- Bank --------- 1. 账户信息(功能已实现) 2. 取款(功能已实现) 3. 转账(功能已实现) 4. 用户退出(功能已实现) """ menu_dic = { '1': account_info, '2': withdraw, '3': transfer, '4': logout, } exit_flag = False while not exit_flag: print(menu) user_option = input(">>:").strip() if user_option in menu_dic: # print('accdata', acc_data) # print(menu_dic[user_option], acc_data) menu_dic[user_option](acc_data) else: print("Option does not exist!", "error") exit_flag = True def run(): ''' this function will be called right a way when the program started, here handles the user interaction stuff :return: ''' acc_data = auth.auth_acc(user_data,access_logger) # print(acc_data) # 如果用户认证成功 if user_data['is_authenticated']: user_data['user'] = acc_data user_data['user_id'] = acc_data.get('id') interactive(user_data) if __name__ == '__main__': run() # print(a[0])
代码 start.py
import sys,os BASE_DIR=os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) sys.path.append(BASE_DIR) # 加入环境变量 from core import main as m if __name__ == '__main__': m.run()