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目录

• 实验 4：Open vSwitch 实验 ———— Mininet 中使用 OVS 命令
  • 一、实验目的
  • 二、实验任务
  • 三、实验要求
  • 四、具体实验步骤
    • 引导：新建并运行脚本文件 ovsSingleBr.py
    • 引导：新建并运行脚本文件 ovsMultiBr.py
    • 实现 VLAN
  • 五、注意事项与心得体会
    • 注意事项
    • 心得体会

实验 4：Open vSwitch 实验 ———— Mininet 中使用 OVS 命令

=============================================

一、实验目的

Mininet 安装之后，会连带安装 Open vSwitch，可以直接通过 Python 脚本调用 Open vSwitch 命令，从而直接控制 Open vSwitch，通过实验了解调用控制的方法。

二、实验任务

在本实验中，使用 Mininet 基于 Python 的脚本，调用“ovs-vsctl”命令直接控制 Open vSwitch。使用默认的交换机泛洪规则，设置更高的优先级规则进行预先定义 IP 报文的转发。在多个交换机中通过设置不同 TOS 值的数据包将通过不同的方式到达目的地址，验证主机间的连通性及到达目的地址的时间。

三、实验要求

• 学习 ovsSingleBr.py 和 ovsMultiBr.py，在上图拓扑中实现一个 VLAN。

  • 将 h0 和 h2 划分在 VLAN 0 中，h1 和 h3 划分在 VLAN 1 中，由于拓扑没有控制器，并且初始化时删除了交换机中的所有流表，因此除非下发流表，否则主机之间网络无法连通。
  • 修改代码，利用 ovs 命令直接下发 VLAN 设置的流表项，最终测试 h0 和 h2 互通，h1 和 h3 互通，其余主机均不通。
  • OVS 实现 VLAN 可参考博客：链接

• 在博客园发表一篇博客，记录主要步骤。
  
  
  

四、具体实验步骤

引导：新建并运行脚本文件 ovsSingleBr.py

$ touch ovsSingleBr.py
$ chmod u+x ovsSingleBr.py
$ sudo python ./ovsSingleBr.py

ovsSingleBr.py 代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python
 
from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Node
from mininet.link import Link
from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info
 
def myNet():
    "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."
 
    info( "*** Creating nodes
" )
    switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )
 
    h0 = Node( 'h0' )
    h1 = Node( 'h1' )
    h2 = Node( 'h2' )
 
    info( "*** Creating links
" )
    Link( h0, switch0)
    Link( h1, switch0)
    Link( h2, switch0)
 
    info( "*** Configuring hosts
" )
    h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
    h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
    h2.setIP( '192.168.123.3/24' )
       
    info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch
" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )
 
    for intf in switch0.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )
 
    # Note: controller and switch are in root namespace, and we
    # can connect via loopback interface
    #switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl set-controller dp0 tcp:127.0.0.1:6633' )
  
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-vsctl show')
 
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=flood' ) 
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=flood' )
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=3,actions=flood' )
  
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.1,actions=output:1' ) 
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,actions=output:2' ) 
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.3,actions=output:3')
 
    #switch0.cmd('tcpdump -i s0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    #h0.cmd('tcpdump -i h0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    info( "*** Running test
" )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -c 3 ' + h2.IP() )
 
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp0' )    
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-tables  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-ports   dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-aggregate  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl queue-stats dp0' )
 
    info( "*** Stopping network
" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.deleteIntfs()
    info( '
' )
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)
' )
    Mininet.init()
    myNet()

引导：新建并运行脚本文件 ovsMultiBr.py

$ touch ovsMultiBr.py
$ chmod u+x ovsMultiBr.py
$ sudo python ./ovsMultiBr.py 

ovsMultiBr.py 代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python
 
from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Node
from mininet.link import TCLink
from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info
 
def myNet():
    "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."
 
    info( "*** Creating nodes
" )
    switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )
    switch1 = Node( 's1', inNamespace=False )
    switch2 = Node( 's2', inNamespace=False )
    switch3 = Node( 's3', inNamespace=False )
    switch4 = Node( 's4', inNamespace=False )
    h0 = Node( 'h0' )
    h1 = Node( 'h1' )
 
    info( "*** Creating links
" )
    linkopts0=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
    linkopts1=dict(bw=1, delay='100ms', loss=0)
    linkopts2=dict(bw=10, delay='50ms', loss=0)
    linkopts3=dict(bw=100, delay='1ms', loss=0)
    TCLink( h0, switch0, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch0, switch1, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch0, switch2, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch0, switch3, **linkopts0)
    TCLink( switch1, switch4,**linkopts1)
    TCLink( switch2, switch4,**linkopts2)
    TCLink( switch3, switch4,**linkopts3)
    TCLink( h1, switch4, **linkopts0)
 
    info( "*** Configuring hosts
" )
    h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
    h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
    info( str( h0 ) + '
' )
    info( str( h1 ) + '
' )
       
    info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch
" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp1' )
    switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp2' )
    switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp2' )
    switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp3' )
    switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp3' )
    switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp4' )
    switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp4' )
 
    for intf in switch0.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )
 
    for intf in switch1.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp1 %s' % intf )
 
    for intf in switch2.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp2 %s' % intf )
 
    for intf in switch3.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp3 %s' % intf )
 
    for intf in switch4.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp4 %s' % intf )
   
    print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=flood' )
    print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' ) 
    print switch1.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp1 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
    print switch2.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp2 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )
    print switch2.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp2 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
    print switch3.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp3 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:2' )    
    print switch3.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp3 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:1' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=1,actions=output:4' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=2,actions=output:4' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=3,actions=output:4' )
    print switch4.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp4 idle_timeout=0,priority=1,in_port=4,actions=output:3' )
   
    #print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,actions=output:4')
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x10,actions=output:2') 
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x20,actions=output:3')
    print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.2,nw_tos=0x30,actions=output:4') 
    #print switch0.cmd(r'ovs-ofctl add-flow dp0 idle_timeout=0,priority=10,ip,nw_dst=192.168.123.1,actions=output:1')
 
    #switch0.cmd('tcpdump -i s0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    #h0.cmd('tcpdump -i h0-eth0 -U -w aaa &')
    info( "*** Running test
" )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x10 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x20 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    #h1.cmdPrint('iperf -s -p 12345 -u &')
    #h0.cmdPrint('iperf -c ' + h1.IP() +' -u -b 10m -p 12345 -t 10 -i 1')
 
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp0' )    
    #print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp1' )
    #print switch2.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp2' )
    #print switch3.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp3' )
    #print switch4.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl show dp4' )  
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-tables  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-ports   dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-aggregate  dp0' )
    #print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl queue-stats dp0' )
 
    #print "Testing video transmission between h1 and h2"
    #h1.cmd('./myrtg_svc -u > myrd &')
    #h0.cmd('./mystg_svc -trace st 192.168.123.2')
 
    info( "*** Stopping network
" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.deleteIntfs()
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
    switch1.deleteIntfs()
    switch2.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp2' )
    switch2.deleteIntfs()
    switch3.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp3' )
    switch3.deleteIntfs()
    switch4.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp4' )
    switch4.deleteIntfs()
    info( '
' )
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)
' )
    Mininet.init()
    myNet()

实现 VLAN

新建并运行脚本文件 ovsVLAN.py，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python
 
from mininet.net import Mininet
from mininet.node import Node
from mininet.link import TCLink, Link
from mininet.log import  setLogLevel, info
 
def myNet():
    "Create network from scratch using Open vSwitch."
 
    info( "*** Creating nodes
" )
    switch0 = Node( 's0', inNamespace=False )
    switch1 = Node( 's1', inNamespace=False )

    h0 = Node( 'h0' )
    h1 = Node( 'h1' )
    h2 = Node( 'h2' )
    h3 = Node( 'h3' )
 
    info( "*** Creating links
" )
    Link( h0, switch0 )
    Link( h1, switch0 )
    Link( h2, switch1 )
    Link( h3, switch1 )
    Link( switch0, switch1 )
 
    info( "*** Configuring hosts
" )
    h0.setIP( '192.168.123.1/24' )
    h1.setIP( '192.168.123.2/24' )
    h2.setIP( '192.168.123.3/24' )
    h3.setIP( '192.168.123.4/24' )
    info( str( h0 ) + '
' )
    info( str( h1 ) + '
' )
    info( str( h2 ) + '
' )
    info( str( h3 ) + '
' )
       
    info( "*** Starting network using Open vSwitch
" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp0' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-br dp1' )
 
    for intf in switch0.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp0 %s' % intf )
 
    for intf in switch1.intfs.values():
        print intf
        print switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl add-port dp1 %s' % intf )


    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp0 priority=1,in_port=1,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4096->vlan_vid,output:3' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp0 priority=1,in_port=2,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4097->vlan_vid,output:3' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp0 priority=1,dl_vlan=0,actions=pop_vlan,output=1' )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp0 priority=1,dl_vlan=1,actions=pop_vlan,output=2' )

    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp1 priority=1,in_port=1,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4096->vlan_vid,output:3' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp1 priority=1,in_port=2,actions=push_vlan:0x8100,set_field:4097->vlan_vid,output:3' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp1 priority=1,dl_vlan=0,actions=pop_vlan,output=1' )
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl -O OpenFlow13 add-flow dp1 priority=1,dl_vlan=1,actions=pop_vlan,output=2' )

    info( "*** Running test
" )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h1.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x10 -c 3 ' + h2.IP() )
    h0.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h3.IP() )
    h1.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h2.IP() )
    h1.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h3.IP() )
    h2.cmdPrint( 'ping -Q 0x30 -c 3 ' + h3.IP() )

 
    info( "*** Stopping network
" )
    switch0.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp0' )
    switch0.deleteIntfs()
    switch1.cmd( 'ovs-vsctl del-br dp1' )
    switch1.deleteIntfs()
    info( '
' )
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    setLogLevel( 'info' )
    info( '*** Scratch network demo (kernel datapath)
' )
    Mininet.init()
    myNet()

运行结果如下：

图 4-2 实验结果 Part 1

图 4-3 实验结果 Part 2

查看 ovs 流表，加入以下代码：

info( switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows dp0 -O OpenFlow13' ) )
info( switch1.cmd( 'ovs-ofctl dump-flows dp1 -O OpenFlow13' ) )

图 4-4 直接显示流表

五、注意事项与心得体会

注意事项

• 每次出现 " RELINK " 错误必定需要：

$ sudo mn -c

• 先 link 主机与交换机，再连接交换机与交换机，会按照顺序赋予交换机上的端口号（从 1 开始），否则会影响后续 ovs 下发流表的端口值。

心得体会

• 这次实验难度适中，体验了一把 VLAN；
• 下发流表不仅可以通过 .py 脚本，还可以通过命令行直接下发流表。