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Spring常用配置

概述

　　本文主要讲解Spring的一些常用配置，使用Java Bean来配置。

　　需要注意的均写在注释里面了。

配置Bean的Scope

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.scope;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * 编写Prototype的bean
 8  */
 9 @Service
10 @Scope("prototype")//声明scope为prototype，每次调用新建一个bean的实例
11 //@Scope("singleton")//一个spring容器中只有一个bean的实例，是spring的默认配置，全容器共享一个实例
12 //@Scope("request")//web项目中，给每一个http request新建一个bean的实例
13 //@Scope("session")//web项目中，给每一个http session新建一个bean实例
14 //@Scope("globalSession")//只在portal应用中有用，给每一个global http session新建一个bean实例
15 public class DemoPrototypeService {
16 
17 }

编写Prototype的bean

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.scope;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * 编写Singleton的bean
 7  */
 8 @Service //默认为Singleton，相当于@Scope("singleton")
 9 public class DemoSingletonService {
10 
11 }

编写Singleton的bean

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.scope;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * 配置类
 8  */
 9 @Configuration
10 @ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.scope")
11 public class ScopeConfig {
12 
13 }

配置类

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.scope;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 4 
 5 public class Main {
 6     public static void main(String[] args) {
 7         AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
 8                 new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ScopeConfig.class); 
 9         DemoSingletonService s1 = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class);
10         DemoSingletonService s2 = context.getBean(DemoSingletonService.class);
11         DemoPrototypeService p1 = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class);
12         DemoPrototypeService p2 = context.getBean(DemoPrototypeService.class);
13         System.out.println("s1与s2是否相等："+s1.equals(s2));
14         System.out.println("p1与p2是否相等："+p1.equals(p2));
15         context.close();
16     }
17 }

运行

Spring EL和资源调用配置

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.el;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * 需被注入的类
 8  */
 9 @Service
10 public class DemoService {
11     //注入普通字符串
12     @Value("其他类的属性")
13     private String another;
14 
15     public String getAnother() {
16         return another;
17     }
18 
19     public void setAnother(String another) {
20         this.another = another;
21     }
22     
23 }

需被注入的类

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.el;
 2 
 3 import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
 4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 5 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 6 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 7 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 8 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 9 import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
10 import org.springframework.context.support.PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer;
11 import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
12 import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
13 
14 /**
15  * 配置类
16  */
17 @Configuration
18 @ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.el")
19 //指定配置文件地址
20 @PropertySource("classpath:com/wisely/highlight_spring4/ch2/el/test.properties")
21 public class ElConfig {
22     //注入普通字符串
23     @Value("I Love You!")
24     private String normal;
25     //注入操作系统属性
26     @Value("#{systemProperties['os.name']}")
27     private String osName;
28     //注入表达式结果
29     @Value("#{ T(java.lang.Math).random() * 100.0 }")
30     private double randomNumber;
31     //注入其他bean属性
32     @Value("#{demoService.another}")
33     private String fromAnother;
34     //注入文件资源
35     @Value("classpath:com/wisely/highlight_spring4/ch2/el/test.txt")
36     private Resource testFile;
37     //注入网址资源
38     @Value("http://www.baidu.com")
39     private Resource testUrl;
40     //注入配置文件
41     @Value("${book.name}")
42     private String bookName;
43     @Autowired
44     private Environment environment;
45     /**
46      * 如果使用@Value注入配置文件，则要配置一个PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer
47      */
48     @Bean
49     public static PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer propertyConfigure() {
50         return new PropertySourcesPlaceholderConfigurer();
51     }
52 
53     public void outputResource() {
54         try {
55             System.out.println(normal);
56             System.out.println(osName);
57             System.out.println(randomNumber);
58             System.out.println(fromAnother);
59             System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testFile.getInputStream()));
60             System.out.println(IOUtils.toString(testUrl.getInputStream()));
61             System.out.println(bookName);
62             System.out.println(environment.getProperty("book.author"));
63         } catch (Exception e) {
64             e.printStackTrace();
65         }
66     }
67 }

配置类

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.el;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 4 
 5 public class Main {
 6     
 7     public static void main(String[] args) {
 8          AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
 9                     new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ElConfig.class);
10          
11          ElConfig resourceService = context.getBean(ElConfig.class);
12          
13          resourceService.outputResource();
14          
15          context.close();
16     }
17 
18 }

运行

Bean的初始化和销毁

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.prepost;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * 使用@Bean形式的Bean
 5  */
 6 public class BeanWayService {
 7     public void init() {
 8         System.out.println("@Bean-init-method");
 9     }
10 
11     public BeanWayService() {
12         super();
13         System.out.println("初始化构造函数-BeanWayService");
14     }
15 
16     public void destroy() {
17         System.out.println("@Bean-destory-method");
18     }
19 }

使用@Bean形式的Bean

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.prepost;
 2 
 3 import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
 4 import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * 使用JSR250形式的bean
 8  */
 9 public class JSR250WayService {
10     //@PostConstruct：在构造函数执行完之后执行
11     @PostConstruct
12     public void init(){
13         System.out.println("jsr250-init-method");
14     }
15     public JSR250WayService() {
16         super();
17         System.out.println("初始化构造函数-JSR250WayService");
18     }
19     //@PreDestroy：在bean销毁之前执行
20     @PreDestroy
21     public void destroy(){
22         System.out.println("jsr250-destory-method");
23     }
24 
25 }

使用JSR250形式的bean

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.prepost;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 6 
 7 /**
 8  * 配置类
 9  */
10 @Configuration
11 @ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.prepost")
12 public class PrePostConfig {
13     //指定BeanWayService的init方法和destroy方法在构造函数之后/bean销毁之前执行。
14     @Bean(initMethod="init",destroyMethod="destroy")
15     BeanWayService beanWayService(){
16         return new BeanWayService();
17     }
18     
19     @Bean
20     JSR250WayService jsr250WayService(){
21         return new JSR250WayService();
22     }
23 
24 }

配置类

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.prepost;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 4 
 5 public class Main {
 6     
 7     public static void main(String[] args) {
 8         AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
 9                 new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(PrePostConfig.class);
10         
11         BeanWayService beanWayService = context.getBean(BeanWayService.class);
12         JSR250WayService jsr250WayService = context.getBean(JSR250WayService.class);
13         
14         context.close();
15     }
16 
17 }

运行

Profile

　　Profile为在不同环境下使用不同的配置提供了支持（开发环境下的配置和生产环境下的配置肯定是不同的，例如数据库的配置）。

　　有三种方式可以配置环境

　　　　1）通过设定Environment的ActiveProfiles来设定当前context需要使用的配置环境。在开发中使用@Profile注解类或方法，达到在不同情况下选择实例化不同的Bean。

　　　　2）通过设置jvm的spring.profiles.active参数来设置配置环境。

　　　　3）Web项目设置在Servlet的context parameter中。

1 <!--Servlet3.0及以上-->
2 <servlet>
3     <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
4     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
5     <init-param>
6         <param-name>spring.profiles.active</param-name>
7         <param-value>production</param-value>
8     </init-param>
9 </servlet>

1 /**
2  * Servlet3.0及以上
3  */
4 public class WebInit implements WebApplicationInitializer {
5     @Override
6     public void onStartup(ServletContext context) throws ServletException {
7         container.setInitParameter("spring.profiles.default", "dev");
8     }
9 }

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.profile;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * 示例bean
 5  */
 6 public class DemoBean {
 7 
 8     private String content;
 9 
10     public DemoBean(String content) {
11         super();
12         this.content = content;
13     }
14 
15     public String getContent() {
16         return content;
17     }
18 
19     public void setContent(String content) {
20         this.content = content;
21     }
22     
23 }

示例bean

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.profile;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 5 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile;
 6 
 7 /**
 8  * Profile配置
 9  */
10 @Configuration
11 public class ProfileConfig {
12     @Bean
13     @Profile("dev")//Profile为dev时实例化devDemoBean
14     public DemoBean devDemoBean() {
15         return new DemoBean("from development profile");
16     }
17 
18     @Bean
19     @Profile("prod")//Profile为prod时实例化prodDemoBean
20     public DemoBean prodDemoBean() {
21         return new DemoBean("from production profile");
22     }
23 
24 }

Profile配置

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.profile;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 4 
 5 public class Main {
 6 
 7     public static void main(String[] args) {
 8           AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =  
 9                   new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext();
10           
11           context.getEnvironment().setActiveProfiles("dev");//先将活动的profile设置为dev
12           context.register(ProfileConfig.class);//然后注册bean配置类，不然会报bean未定义的错误
13           context.refresh(); //刷新容器
14           
15           DemoBean demoBean = context.getBean(DemoBean.class);
16           
17           System.out.println(demoBean.getContent());
18           
19           context.close();
20     }
21 }

运行

事件(Application Event)

　　spring的事件为bean和bean之间的消息通信提供了支持。当一个bean处理完一个任务之后，希望另外一个bean知道并能做出相应的处理，这时我们就需要让另外一个bean监听当前bean所发送的事件。

　　spring的事件需要遵循如下流程：

　　　　1）自定义事件，继承ApplicationEvent。

　　　　2）定义事件监听器，实现ApplicationListener。

　　　　3）使用容器发布事件。

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.event;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEvent;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * 自定义事件
 7  */
 8 public class DemoEvent extends ApplicationEvent{
 9     private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
10     private String msg;
11     public DemoEvent(Object source,String msg) {
12         super(source);
13         this.msg = msg;
14     }
15     public String getMsg() {
16         return msg;
17     }
18     public void setMsg(String msg) {
19         this.msg = msg;
20     }
21 }

自定义事件

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.event;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
 4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 5 
 6 /**
 7  * 事件监听器,实现ApplicationListener接口，并指定监听的事件类型
 8  */
 9 @Component
10 public class DemoListener implements ApplicationListener<DemoEvent> {
11 
12     /**
13      * 使用onApplicationEvent方法对消息进行接收处理
14      * @param event
15      */
16     public void onApplicationEvent(DemoEvent event) {
17         String msg = event.getMsg();
18         System.out.println("我(bean-demoListener)接受到了bean-demoPublisher发布的消息:"+ msg);
19     }
20 }

事件监听器,实现ApplicationListener接口，并指定监听的事件类型

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.event;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
 4 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
 5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 6 
 7 /**
 8  * 事件发布类
 9  */
10 @Component
11 public class DemoPublisher {
12     @Autowired
13     ApplicationContext applicationContext;//注入ApplicationContext用来发布事件
14 
15     public void publish(String msg){
16         //使用ApplicationContext的publishEvent方法发布事件
17         applicationContext.publishEvent(new DemoEvent(this, msg));
18     }
19 }

事件发布类

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.event;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
 4 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
 5 
 6 @Configuration
 7 @ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.event")
 8 public class EventConfig {
 9 
10 }

配置类

 1 package com.wisely.highlight_spring4.ch2.event;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
 4 public class Main {
 5     public static void main(String[] args) {
 6          AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
 7                     new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(EventConfig.class);
 8          DemoPublisher demoPublisher = context.getBean(DemoPublisher.class);
 9          demoPublisher.publish("hello application event");
10          context.close();
11     }
12 }

运行

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/gaofei-1/p/8698101.html