Django：drf过滤、搜索、排序功能

过滤功能实现

1.get_query_set方法过滤

编辑blogs目录下的views.py，新增get_queryset方法

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = Article.objects.all()
        click_num = self.request.query_params.get('click', 0)
        if click_num:
            queryset = queryset.filter(click_num__gte=30)
        return queryset

在浏览器输入 http://localhost:8000/api/v1/articles/?click=50 ，click代表参数值过滤了大于50点击数的文章。但是当过滤参数多的时候此过滤方法写起来比较麻烦

2.django-filters方法过滤

pip install django-filter 安装django-filter

在settings.py注册配置django-filters，在REST_FRAMEWORK 加上过滤器会对全局生效，如果只针对特定视图可以单独在view里面加

①settings.py全局过滤器

编辑settings.py

# 注册添加过滤模块
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...,
    'django_filters',
    ...,
]
# 添加过滤器，全局生效
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    ...,
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ('django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',)
}

②视图添加DjangoFilterBackend过滤器

新增 filter_backends 和 filterset_fields

from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    filterset_fields = ['category', 'user']

运行后在界面上出现了 过滤器 ，增加了 文章类别 和 文章作者 两个过滤字段，可以选择并且联合过滤。但是有缺点就是无法按照区间进行过滤，比如点击量

③使用filterset方法自定义过滤

在blogs目录下新建filters.py文件，用来写过滤

from django_filters import rest_framework as filters
from .models import Article

class ArticleFilter(filters.FilterSet):
    """
    文章的过滤类
    """
    click_min = filters.NumberFilter(field_name="click_num", lookup_expr='gte')
    click_max = filters.NumberFilter(field_name="click_num", lookup_expr='lte')
    favor_min = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='favor_num', help_text="最低收藏量", lookup_expr='gte')
    comment_min = filters.NumberFilter(field_name='comment_num', help_text="最低评论量", lookup_expr='gte')
    title = filters.CharFilter(field_name='title', help_text='按标题模糊查询', lookup_expr='icontains')

    class Meta:
        model = Article
        fields = ['category', 'tags', 'user', 'title', 'click_min', 'click_max', 'favor_min', 'comment_min']

编辑blogs目录下的views.py，去掉filterset_fields，新增 filterset_class

from blogs.filters import ArticleFilter

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filterset_class = ArticleFilter

运行打开过滤器后可以看到过滤条件都有了

搜索功能实现

使用SearchFilter方法，filter_backends新增SearchFilter，新增search_fields

from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, SearchFilter]
    filterset_class = ArticleFilter
    search_fields = ['title', 'brief', 'content']

搜索框输入 父亲 ，请求路径变成了 http://localhost:8000/api/v1/articles/?search=父亲

排序功能实现

使用OrderingFilter方法，filter_backends新增OrderingFilter，新增ordering_fields

from rest_framework.filters import SearchFilter, OrderingFilter

class ArticleListViewset(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                         mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                         viewsets.GenericViewSet):
     """文章列表页，分页，搜索，过滤，排序"""
    queryset = Article.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ArticleSerializer
    pagination_class = StandardResultsSetPagination
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend, SearchFilter, OrderingFilter]
    filterset_class = ArticleFilter
    search_fields = ['title', 'brief', 'content']
    ordering_fields = ['click_num', 'favor_num', 'comment_num', 'add_time']

运行后过滤器可以看到过滤器字段、搜索、排序功能

 转：http://www.zhangyanc.club/article/fiter-search/

DRF过滤器文档：http://www.iamnancy.top/djangorestframework/Filtering/

django-filters官方文档：https://django-filter.readthedocs.io/en/master/guide/rest_framework.html