背景：
直接解压安装mysql5.7.18，解压mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz，直接拷贝另外一台数据库的数据目录，启动mysql过程无日志输出，报ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/r2/mysqldata/ai244.pid).
排查过程：
重新初始化中......报
bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
可以看到缺乏libaio包
安装libaio后，可以正常启动
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# systemctl start mysql.service
Job for mysql.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysql.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# systemctl status mysql.service
● mysql.service - mysql
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Sat 2018-07-07 02:17:20 CST; 6s ago
Process: 29011 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Jul 07 02:17:19 ai244 systemd[1]: Starting mysql...
Jul 07 02:17:20 ai244 mysql.server[29011]: Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/r2/mysqldata/ai244.pid).
Jul 07 02:17:20 ai244 systemd[1]: mysql.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Jul 07 02:17:20 ai244 systemd[1]: Failed to start mysql.
Jul 07 02:17:20 ai244 systemd[1]: Unit mysql.service entered failed state.
Jul 07 02:17:20 ai244 systemd[1]: mysql.service failed.
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# netstat -tunlp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1406/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1542/master
tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1406/sshd
tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 1542/master
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# netstat -tunlp|grep 3306
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql/support-files]# cd /r2
[root@(ai244) /r2]# ll
total 639860
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 654430368 Dec 5 2017 mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
drwxr-x--- 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 7 01:32 mysqldata
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 591639 Jul 7 01:30 mysqldata.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 177033 Nov 27 2017 server_audit.so
[root@(ai244) /r2]# ll /etc/my.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6077 Jun 26 15:47 /etc/my.cnf
[root@(ai244) /r2]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 126G 0 126G 0% /dev
tmpfs 126G 0 126G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 126G 9.1M 126G 1% /run
tmpfs 126G 0 126G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sdb3 493G 6.7G 461G 2% /
/dev/sda1 727G 73M 690G 1% /ssd1
/dev/sdb2 976M 118M 792M 13% /boot
/dev/sdb5 6.8T 5.7G 6.4T 1% /usr/local
tmpfs 26G 0 26G 0% /run/user/0
[root@(ai244) /r2]# ll /usr/local/mysql/
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 Mar 18 2017 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 include
drwxr-xr-x 5 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 man
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2478 Mar 18 2017 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 share
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 23:04 support-files
[root@(ai244) /r2]# chmod 755 mysqldata
[root@(ai244) /r2]# ll mysqldata
total 12368
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 217 Jul 6 17:26 binlog.000008
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 28 Jul 6 17:26 binlog.index
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 42464 Jul 6 17:26 error.log
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 322 Jul 6 17:26 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Jul 6 17:25 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 17:26 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 6 17:26 performance_schema
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1544 Jul 6 17:26 slow.log
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 12288 Jul 6 17:26 sys
[root@(ai244) /r2/mysqldata]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# cp -r /r2/mysqldata /r2/mysqldata
mysqldata/ mysqldata.tar.gz
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# cp -r /r2/mysqldata /r2/mysqldata.bak
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# rpm -qa|grep libaio
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# yum install libaio-devel.x86_64 -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
elrepo | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
local | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* elrepo: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libaio(x86-64) = 0.3.109-13.el7 for package: libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 local 13 k
Installing for dependencies:
libaio x86_64 0.3.109-13.el7 local 24 k
Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)
Total download size: 37 k
Installed size: 46 k
Downloading packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 1.4 MB/s | 37 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/2
Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 2/2
Verifying : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 1/2
Verifying : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64 2/2
Installed:
libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
Dependency Installed:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7
Complete!
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# systemctl start msyql
Failed to start msyql.service: Unit not found.
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# systemctl start mysql
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# systemctl status mysql
● mysql.service - mysql
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Mon 2018-07-09 16:59:41 CST; 7s ago
Process: 31888 ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 31896 (mysqld_safe)
CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service
├─31896 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/r2/mysqldata --pid-file=/r2/mysqldata/ai244.pid
└─32738 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/r2/mysqldata --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/r2/mysqldata/error.lo...
Jul 09 16:59:17 ai244 systemd[1]: Starting mysql...
Jul 09 16:59:41 ai244 mysql.server[31888]: Starting MySQL........................ SUCCESS!
Jul 09 16:59:41 ai244 systemd[1]: Started mysql.
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# ps -ef |grep mysql
root 31896 1 0 16:59 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/r2/mysqldata --pid-file=/r2/mysqldata/ai244.pid
mysql 32738 31896 8 16:59 ? 00:00:04 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/r2/mysqldata --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/r2/mysqldata/error.log --open-files-limit=10240 --pid-file=/r2/mysqldata/ai244.pid --socket=/r2/mysqldata/mysql.sock --port=3306
root 32821 23827 0 17:00 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]# mysql -uroot -piforgot
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.
(root@localhost) 17:00:21 [(none)]> exit
Bye
[root@(ai244) /usr/local/mysql]#