原因类信号词
- because
- because of
- since
- cause
- in consequence of
- case: In consequence of your bad work I am forced to dismiss you.
- in that
- explain: (formal) in or into that thing or place
- case1: You can't drive in that condition.
- case2: In that case, we won't wait any longer.
- owing to
- explain: prep. because of
- case1: He was out of work owing to a physical injury
- case2: Owing to staff shortages, there was no restaurant car on the train.
- for
- for this reason
- now that
- case1: Now that you have expressed your determination, you should act.
- case2: Now that the children have cleaned up, you can let them go.
- seeing that
- case1: Seeing that you're already at the door, I suppose I must invite you inside.
- case2: Seeing that you have no time I have Peter replace you.
- thanks to
- due to
- by virtue of
- case1: He passed the examination by virtue of hard work.
- case2: I got this house by virtue of my job.
- in that case
- case: In that case, we won't wait any longer.
- in light of
- arise from
- as a result of
- for the reason that
- as
- that is why
- as a consequence of
- this is the reason why
- be responsible for
- result from
- attribute to
- ascribe to
- stem from
- originate from
- have roots in
- play a role in
- as is shown/indicated/implied/proved by
- on the ground that
结果类信号词
- result
- lead to
- result in
- cause
- bring about
- explain: cause to happen, occur or exist
- case: The only way they can bring about political change is by putting pressure on the country.
- contribute to
- explain: to be one of the causes of sth
- case1: Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death.
- case2: Human error may have been a contributing factor .
- breed
- explain: to be the cause of sth
- case: Nothing breeds success like success.
- spell
- collocation: ~ sth (for sb/sth)
- explain: to have sth, usually sth bad, as a result; to mean sth, usually sth bad
- case: The crop failure spelt disaster for many farmers.
- mean
- explain: to have sth as a result or a likely result
- case1: Spending too much now will mean a shortage of cash next year.
- case2: Do you have any idea what it means to be poor?
- give rise to
- case1: There are a couple of factors that give rise to this problem.
- case2: Low levels of choline in the body can give rise to high blood-pressure.
- effects
- therefore
- as a result
- hence
- so
- in consequence
- consequently
- so that
- as a consequence
- as a response to
- as a reaction to
转折类信号词
- but
- however
- on the other hand
- different
- wheras
- although
- in/by contrast
- as opposed to
- differently
- otherwise
- even if
- unlike
- differ from
- while
- some ... others
- by/in comparison
- nevertheless
- yet
- still
- on the contrary
- instead of
- rather than
- in fact/effect/reality/practice
- virtually
- unfortunately
- now
- recently
- surprisingly
- unexpectedly
- remarkably