最近开始接触Greenplum，线上也在使用了，感觉还不错，本次介绍一下集群的部署方法。那么Greenplum的架构如下：
（架构图来源网络）
简单来说GPDB是一个分布式数据库软件，其可以管理和处理分布在多个不同主机上的海量数据。对于GPDB来说，一个DB实例实际上是由多个独立的PostgreSQL实例组成的，它们分布在不同的物理主机上，协同工作，呈现给用户的是一个DB的效果。Master是GPDB系统的访问入口，其负责处理客户端的连接及SQL 命令、协调系统中的其他Instance(Segment)工作，Segment负责管理和处理用户数据。
环境准备：
操作系统：centos 6.3 64位
master 1台（架构图中的主节点），Standby 1台（架构图中的从节点），Segment 2台。共4台服务器。
ip 主机名 10.69.30.251 mdw 10.36.25.152 smdw 10.36.25.250 sdw1 221.5.32.152 sdw2
1. 修改/etc/hosts文件，添加下面内容（4台服务器相同的配置）
10.69.30.251 mdw 10.36.25.152 smdw 10.36.25.250 sdw1 10.37.237.152 sdw2
2. 服务器关闭selinux，防火墙4台服务器相互开放，测试环境可以直接先关闭防火墙。（4台服务器）
3. 操作系统参数设置
vim /etc/sysctl.conf （注：4台服务器）
kernel.shmmax = 500000000 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.shmall = 4000000000 kernel.sem = 250 512000 100 2048 kernel.sysrq = 1 kernel.core_uses_pid = 1 kernel.msgmnb = 65536 kernel.msgmax = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096 net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_filter = 1 net.ipv4.conf.default.arp_filter = 1 net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000 vm.overcommit_memory = 2 kernel.msgmni = 2048 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1025 65535
vim /etc/security/limits.conf （注：4台服务器）
* soft nofile 65536 * hard nofile 65536 * soft nproc 131072 * hard nproc 131072
我的操作系统是centos 6.3，所以还有一个文件要修改：那就是/etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf （注：4台服务器都要修改）
修改后的内容如下：
* soft nproc 131072 * hard nproc 131072 * soft nofile 1048576 * hard nofile 1048576
磁盘预读参数及 deadline算法修改 （注：4台服务器）
blockdev --setra 65536 /dev/sda echo deadline > /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler
软件下载地址：https://network.pivotal.io/products/pivotal-gpdb
在Master主机上安装GP二进制文件，也就是主机名是mdw的服务器。（注：在master上安装即可，后面通过批量的方法安装剩下的服务器）
我下载的文件是greenplum-db-4.3.7.3-build-2-RHEL5-x86_64.zip
文件解压之是一个可执行文件，greenplum-db-4.3.7.3-build-2-RHEL5-x86_64.bin，直接执行安装。
./greenplum-db-4.3.7.3-build-2-RHEL5-x86_64.bin
然后有些说明，一直回车，出现如下图按照提示安装即可完成。
在master上添加用户
useradd gpadmin
确保所有的服务器安装了ed软件，否则后面初始化集群就会报错。
yum install ed -y
准备文件，all_hosts ，seg_hosts放到/home/gpadmin。（用于批量安装软件以及后续集群的初始化）
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ cat seg_hosts sdw1 sdw2 [gpadmin@mdw ~]$ cat all_hosts mdw smdw sdw1 sdw2 [gpadmin@mdw ~]$
建立节点服务器间的信任（我服务器已经打通了信任的，没有打通的会要求输入密码）
[root@mdw gpadmin]# gpssh-exkeys -f all_hosts [STEP 1 of 5] create local ID and authorize on local host ... /root/.ssh/id_rsa file exists ... key generation skipped [STEP 2 of 5] keyscan all hosts and update known_hosts file [STEP 3 of 5] authorize current user on remote hosts ... send to smdw ... send to sdw1 ... send to sdw2 [STEP 4 of 5] determine common authentication file content [STEP 5 of 5] copy authentication files to all remote hosts ... finished key exchange with smdw ... finished key exchange with sdw1 ... finished key exchange with sdw2 [INFO] completed successfully
批量安装软件（GP）
cd /home/gpadmin/
source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpseginstall -f all_hosts -u gpadmin -p gpadmin
最后出现如下提示代表批量安装成功。
20160827:13:58:47:020986 gpseginstall:greenplum_master:root-[INFO]:-SUCCESS -- Requested commands completed
检查是否安装完成
su - gpadmin source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpssh -f all_hosts -e ls -l $GPHOME
输出如下代表成功：
[ mdw] ls -l /usr/local/greenplum-db/. [ mdw] total 276 [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 bin [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 demo [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 5 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 docs [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 etc [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 ext [ mdw] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 43025 Feb 25 2016 GPDB-LICENSE.txt [ mdw] -rw-rw-r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 735 Aug 27 12:30 greenplum_path.sh [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 include [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 9 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 lib [ mdw] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 192912 Feb 25 2016 LICENSE.thirdparty [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Aug 27 15:16 sbin [ mdw] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 share [sdw1] ls -l /usr/local/greenplum-db/. [sdw1] total 276 [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 bin [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 demo [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 5 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 docs [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 etc [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 ext [sdw1] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 43025 Feb 25 2016 GPDB-LICENSE.txt [sdw1] -rw-rw-r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 735 Aug 27 12:30 greenplum_path.sh [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 include [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 9 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 lib [sdw1] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 192912 Feb 25 2016 LICENSE.thirdparty [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Aug 27 15:16 sbin [sdw1] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 share [smdw] ls -l /usr/local/greenplum-db/. [smdw] total 276 [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 bin [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 demo [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 5 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 docs [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 etc [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 ext [smdw] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 43025 Feb 25 2016 GPDB-LICENSE.txt [smdw] -rw-rw-r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 735 Aug 27 12:30 greenplum_path.sh [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 include [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 9 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 lib [smdw] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 192912 Feb 25 2016 LICENSE.thirdparty [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Aug 27 15:16 sbin [smdw] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 share [sdw2] ls -l /usr/local/greenplum-db/. [sdw2] total 276 [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 bin [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 demo [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 5 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 docs [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 etc [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 3 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 ext [sdw2] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 43025 Feb 25 2016 GPDB-LICENSE.txt [sdw2] -rw-rw-r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 735 Aug 27 12:30 greenplum_path.sh [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 6 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 include [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 9 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 lib [sdw2] -rw-r--r-- 1 gpadmin gpadmin 192912 Feb 25 2016 LICENSE.thirdparty [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 2 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Aug 27 15:16 sbin [sdw2] drwxr-xr-x 4 gpadmin gpadmin 4096 Feb 25 2016 share
创建存储目录
master，standby 操作命令：
mkdir -p /data/master chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data/master/
在master上用下面命令批量操作segment，建立目录，改权限
gpssh -f seg_hosts -e 'mkdir -p /data/primary' gpssh -f seg_hosts -e 'mkdir -p /data/mirror' gpssh -f seg_hosts -e 'chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data/primary' gpssh -f seg_hosts -e 'chown -R gpadmin.gpadmin /data/mirror'
设置NTP同步
在每个Segment主机，以root登录编辑/etc/ntp.conf文件。设置第一个server参数指向Master主机，第二个server参数指向Standby主机。如下面：
server mdw prefer
server smdw
在Standby主机，以root登录编辑/etc/ntp.conf文件。设置第一个server参数指向Master主机，第二个参数指向数据中心的时间服务器。
server mdw prefer
在Master主机，使用NTP守护进程同步所有Segment主机的系统时钟。例如，使用gpssh来完成：
gpssh -f all_hosts -v -e 'ntpd'
输出如下代表成功：
[root@mdw gpadmin]# gpssh -f all_hosts -v -e 'ntpd' [WARN] Reference default values as $MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY/gpssh.conf could not be found Using delaybeforesend 0.05 and prompt_validation_timeout 1.0 [Reset ...] [INFO] login mdw [INFO] login smdw [INFO] login sdw1 [INFO] login sdw2 [ mdw] ntpd [smdw] ntpd [sdw1] ntpd [sdw2] ntpd [INFO] completed successfully [Cleanup...]
要配置集群自动同步系统时钟，应开启ntpd服务，并设置为开机时自动运行，4台服务器都启动：
/etc/init.d/ntpd start
检查环境（我这里检查一下操作系统参数设置是否ok，网络，io，都可以检查的）
[root@mdw gpadmin]# gpcheck -f all_hosts -m mdw 20160827:16:47:47:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-dedupe hostnames 20160827:16:47:47:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-Detected platform: Generic Linux Cluster 20160827:16:47:47:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-generate data on servers 20160827:16:47:47:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-copy data files from servers 20160827:16:47:48:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-delete remote tmp files 20160827:16:47:48:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-Using gpcheck config file: /usr/local/greenplum-db/./etc/gpcheck.cnf 20160827:16:47:48:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-GPCHECK_NORMAL 20160827:16:47:48:022142 gpcheck:mdw:root-[INFO]:-gpcheck completing...
在master上进行下面的操作：
创建Greenplum数据库配置文件，以gpadmin用户登录
su - gpadmin cp $GPHOME/docs/cli_help/gpconfigs/gpinitsystem_config /home/gpadmin/gpinitsystem_config chmod 775 gpinitsystem_config
设置所有必须的参数
ARRAY_NAME="EMC Greenplum DW" SEG_PREFIX=gpseg PORT_BASE=40000 declare -a DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data/primary) MASTER_HOSTNAME=mdw MASTER_DIRECTORY=/data/master MASTER_PORT=5432 TRUSTED_SHELL=ssh CHECK_POINT_SEGMENTS=8 ENCODING=UNICODE
设置可选参数
MIRROR_PORT_BASE=50000 REPLICATION_PORT_BASE=41000 declare -a MIRROR_DATA_DIRECTORY=(/data/mirror)
运行初始化工具初始化数据库
su - gpadmin source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh gpinitsystem -c gpinitsystem_config -h seg_hosts
正常情况下初始化完成以后最后的日志没有任何报错，而且gp进程也是启动了的。
初始化日志:
20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Review options for gpinitstandby 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------- 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The Master /data/master/gpseg-1/pg_hba.conf post gpinitsystem 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-has been configured to allow all hosts within this new 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-array to intercommunicate. Any hosts external to this 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-new array must be explicitly added to this file 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Refer to the Greenplum Admin support guide which is 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-located in the /usr/local/greenplum-db/./docs directory 20160827:16:23:11:002458 gpinitsystem:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------
启动进程：
[root@mdw gpadmin]# ps -ef | grep postgres gpadmin 18082 1 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/greenplum-db-4.3.7.3/bin/postgres -D /data/master/gpseg-1 -p 5432 -b 1 -z 2 --silent-mode=true -i -M master -C -1 -x 0 -E gpadmin 18083 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, master logger process gpadmin 18086 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, stats collector process gpadmin 18087 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, writer process gpadmin 18088 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, checkpoint process gpadmin 18089 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, seqserver process gpadmin 18090 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, ftsprobe process gpadmin 18091 18082 0 16:23 ? 00:00:00 postgres: port 5432, sweeper process root 22716 20223 0 16:52 pts/0 00:00:00 grep postgres [root@mdw gpadmin]#
现在只有1个master，2个segment，没有standby，那么接下来把standby加入集群。
在master服务器上执行
gpinitstandby -s smdw
输出如下：
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpinitstandby -s smdw 20160827:16:59:24:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Validating environment and parameters for standby initialization... 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking for filespace directory /data/master/gpseg-1 on smdw 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------ 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master initialization parameters 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------ 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master hostname = mdw 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master data directory = /data/master/gpseg-1 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum master port = 5432 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master hostname = smdw 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master port = 5432 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum standby master data directory = /data/master/gpseg-1 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum update system catalog = On 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------ 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Filespace locations 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:------------------------------------------------------ 20160827:16:59:25:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-pg_system -> /data/master/gpseg-1 Do you want to continue with standby master initialization? Yy|Nn (default=N): > y 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Syncing Greenplum Database extensions to standby 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-The packages on smdw are consistent. 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Adding standby master to catalog... 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Database catalog updated successfully. 20160827:16:59:31:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating pg_hba.conf file... 20160827:16:59:37:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-pg_hba.conf files updated successfully. 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating filespace flat files... 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Filespace flat file updated successfully. 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting standby master 20160827:16:59:39:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking if standby master is running on host: smdw in directory: /data/master/gpseg-1 20160827:16:59:40:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Cleaning up pg_hba.conf backup files... 20160827:16:59:46:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Backup files of pg_hba.conf cleaned up successfully. 20160827:16:59:46:023346 gpinitstandby:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Successfully created standby master on smdw
设置环境变量，master，standby都设置。
1. 以gpadmin用户登录：
su - gpadmin
2. 打开用户启动文件(如.bashrc)。比如：
vim ~/.bashrc
3. 添加新行用以加载greenplum_path.sh文件和设置MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY环境变量。例如：
source /usr/local/greenplum-db/greenplum_path.sh export MASTER_DATA_DIRECTORY=/data/master/gpseg-1
启动和停止数据库测试是否能正常启动和关闭，命令如下
gpstart
gpstop
到此 greenplum 就部署完成了。下面进行一些简单的测试。
登录数据库：psql -d postgres
建表，插入，查询
postgres=# create table student ( no int primary key,student_name varchar(40),age int); NOTICE: CREATE TABLE / PRIMARY KEY will create implicit index "student_pkey" for table "student" CREATE TABLE postgres=# insert into student values(1,'yayun',18); INSERT 0 1 postgres=# select * from student; no | student_name | age ----+--------------+----- 1 | yayun | 18 (1 row)